Latest revision as of 18:52, 28 November 2018

Hypothalamus

@@Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainCenterFD_HT

This page covers biological details of component group Hypothalamus. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

Top-down path to center: Forebrain Diencephalon -> Hypothalamus (FD.HT) (see Mind Maps)
Function:

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

Mammillary Body (FD.MB)
- Lateral Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.LMB): Generate theta rythm and relay to HC
- Medial Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.MMB): Relay for impulses coming from AM and HC
Anterior Hypothalamus Area (LAC.FD.HT.AHT)
- Chiasmatic Area (LAC.FD.HT.CHS)
  - Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PO): Regulates release of gonadotropic hormones, sexual differentiation
    - Median Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.MPO): generates thirst
    - Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO): mediates non-REM sleep onset
  - Supraoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SO): Blood volume or blood pressure, vasopressin release
  - Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SCN): Regulate the circadian cycle, 24-hour rhythms
  - Retrochiasmatic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.RCH): Maintenance of normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function
- Tuberal Area (LAC.FD.HT.TUB)
  - Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV): Regulate appetite and autonomic functions
  - Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.AH): Thermoregulation, panting, sweating
  - Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VM): Satiety, control of eating
  - Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus (LAC.FD.HT.AR): Regulation of growth, appetite and body weight
Posterior Hypothalamic Area (LAC.FD.HT.POS): Blood pressure, pupillary dilation
- Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.DM): Blood pressure, heart rate
- Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PN): Blood pressure, pupillary dilation
Lateral Hypothalamic Area (LAC.FD.HT.LT): Thirst and hunger
- Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.LTN): feeding center
- Lateral Tuberal Nuclei (LAC.FD.HT.LTUB)
  - Supramammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SUM): control hippocampal plasticity, determine frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm
  - Tuberomammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.TBM): sole source of histamine in the brain
  - Premammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PRM): expression of fear responses to environmental threats

Connectivity

(generated)

Internal Regions Connections:

unavailable

Source Region	Target Region	Reference
Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.AH)	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.DM)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (AH -> DMN)
	Premammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PRM)	(unknown reference)
	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VM)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (AH -> VMN)
Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus (LAC.FD.HT.AR)	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.DM)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (ARC -> DMN)
	Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.LTN)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (ARC -> LHA)
	Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (ARC -> PA)
	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VM)	Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (ARC -> VMH)
Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.DM)	Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.LTN)	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> LHA)
	Median Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.MPO)	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> MPO)
	Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV)	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> PVH)
	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO)	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> VLPO)
Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.LTN)	Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV)	Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (LHA -> PVN)
Median Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.MPO)	Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.AH)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> AH)
	Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> PA)
	Supraoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SO)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> SON)
Premammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PRM)	Median Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.MPO)	(unknown reference)
	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VM)	(unknown reference)
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SCN)	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.DM)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (SCH -> DMN)
	Median Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.MPO)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (SCH -> MPOA)
	Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV)	Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (SCN -> PVH)
	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO)	(unknown reference)
Supramammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SUM)	Lateral Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.LMB)	Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (SupraMM -> LMB)
Tuberomammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.TBM)	Medial Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.MMB)	Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (TuberoMM -> MMB, abstract)
	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO)	Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (TMN -> VLPO)
Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO)	Supramammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SUM)	(unknown reference)
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VM)	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.DM)	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (VMN -> DMN)
	Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.LTN)	Glucose-sensing neural network (VMH -> LHA)
	Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV)	Glucose-sensing neural network (VMH -> PVH)
	Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO)	(unknown reference)

External Connections:

unavailable

External Inbound Center Connections:

Source Center	Sample Link	Reference
Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM)	FAM.FT.AM.BP -> LAC.FD.HT.DM	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)
Septal Nuclei (FAM.FT.SEP)	FAM.FT.SEP.MED -> FMM.FD.MB.LMB	Cingulate Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)
Cognitive Thalamus (FD.TH.CR)	NDM.FD.TH.PV -> LAC.FD.HT.MPO	(unknown reference)
Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG)	FEC.FT.ACC.SH -> LAC.FD.HT.LTN	(unknown reference)
Hippocampal Formation (FMM.FT.HF)	FMM.FT.HF.SUBP -> FMM.FD.MB.MMB	Principal Connections of Hippocampus (HC -> MB, abstract)
Retrosubicular Area (FMM.NC.PHA.RS)	FMM.NC.PH.POS -> FMM.FD.MB.LMB	Head Direction Cell Circuit (PSUB -> LMB)
Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei (HL.MN)	LRC.HL.INM -> LAC.FD.HT.PN	(unknown reference)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HL.SN)	LPC.HL.SOL -> LAC.FD.HT.DM	Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (NTS -> DMH)
Pontine Reticular Formation (HT.RF)	LPC.HT.PRF.PB -> LAC.FD.HT.DM	Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (PBN -> DMH)
Pontine Tegmental Nuclei (HT.TG)	LMC.HT.TG.LDT -> FMM.FD.MB.LMB	Hippocampal Formation (DTN -> LMam)
Locus Coeruleus (LMC.HT.LC)	LMC.HT.LC -> LAC.FD.HT.VLPO	Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (LC -> VLPO)
Ventral Tegmental Area (LMC.MM.VTA)	LMC.MM.VTA -> FMM.FD.MB.MMB	Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)
Retinal Nucleus (LPC.FD.RT)	LPC.FD.RT -> LAC.FD.HT.SCN	Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> SCN)
Mesencephalic Reticular Formation (MM.RF)	LMC.MM.RP.SUC -> FMM.FD.MB.MMB	(unknown reference)
Anterior Cingulate Area (NC.ACG)	NCP.NC.AL.SGCG -> LAC.FD.HT.AH	(unknown reference)
Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.OMPFC)	NDM.NC.AL.FPC -> LAC.FD.HT.RCH	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> HT, abstract)
Rhinal Cortex (NC.PHA.RH)	FMM.NC.PH.MEC -> FMM.FD.MB.MMB	Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (MedialEC -> MMB, abstract)

External Outbound Center Connections:

Target Center	Sample Link	Reference
Central canal (AVA.SC.CC)	LAC.FD.HT.PV -> LAC.SC.CC.DCN	(unknown reference)
Lateral Horn/Funiculus (BMA.SC.LH)	LAC.FD.HT.PV -> LAC.SC.LH.LSN	(unknown reference)
Habenula (FAM.FD.HB)	LAC.FD.HT.LTN -> FAM.FD.LHB.LT	Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHT -> LHbL)
Central Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.CEAM)	LAC.FD.HT.VM -> FAM.FT.BNST	(unknown reference)
Septal Nuclei (FAM.FT.SEP)	LAC.FD.HT.PN -> FAM.FT.SEP.LT	(unknown reference)
Cognitive Thalamus (FD.TH.CR)	FMM.FD.MB.LMB -> FMM.FD.TH.AD	Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> AD)
Subthalamus Area (FEC.FD.STA)	LAC.FD.HT.VM -> FEC.FD.STN.CD	(unknown reference)
Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG)	LAC.FD.HT.VM -> FEC.FT.ACC.SH	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VMN -> NAc, abstract)
Hippocampal Formation (FMM.FT.HF)	LAC.FD.HT.PN -> FMM.FT.HC.CA3P	(unknown reference)
Olfactory Nuclei (FT.OLF)	LAC.FD.HT.TBM -> LPC.FT.MOB	(unknown reference)
Medullary Reticular Formation (HL.RF)	LAC.FD.HT.LTN -> LMC.HL.RP.MG	(unknown reference)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HL.SN)	LAC.FD.HT.VM -> LPC.HL.SOL	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VMN -> NTS)
Pontine Reticular Formation (HT.RF)	FMM.FD.MB.LMB -> LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Mammillary Body (LMB -> RTG)
Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HT.SN)	FMM.FD.MB.MMB -> LLC.HT.PN.RSP	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (HT -> PN, abstract)
Pontine Tegmental Nuclei (HT.TG)	FMM.FD.MB.LMB -> LMC.HT.TG.LDT	Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)
Locus Coeruleus (LMC.HT.LC)	LAC.FD.HT.DM -> LMC.HT.LC	Effect of light on pupil diameter (DMH -> LC)
Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF)	LAC.FD.HT.SCN -> LRC.MM.PT.NOT	(unknown reference)
Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.OMPFC)	LAC.FD.HT.LTN -> NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (LHA -> OFC, abstract)
Intermediate Zone (SC.IZ)	LAC.FD.HT.PN -> LAC.SC.IZ.CSC	Sympathetic and parasympathetic eye pathways (PHT -> CC)
Anterior/Ventral Horn (SC.VH)	LAC.FD.HT.PV -> LPC.SC.VH.ONF	(unknown reference)
Endocrine Glands (TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE)	LAC.FD.HT.AR -> TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	(unknown reference)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <pre style="color: green">Hypothalamus</pre>
 @@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainCenterFD_HT]]
@@ Line 8: / Line 7: @@
 * '''Top-down path to center''': Forebrain Diencephalon -> Hypothalamus (FD.HT) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
 * '''Function''':
 (generated)
 = Components =
@@ Line 20: / Line 19: @@
 * '''Anterior Hypothalamus Area''' (LAC.FD.HT.AHT)
 ** '''Chiasmatic Area''' (LAC.FD.HT.CHS)
-*** [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PO): Regulates release of gonadotropic hormones, sexual differentiation
+*** '''Preoptic Nucleus''' (LAC.FD.HT.PO): Regulates release of gonadotropic hormones, sexual differentiation
+**** [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|Median Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.MPO): generates thirst
+**** [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO): mediates non-REM sleep onset
 *** [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO|Supraoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SO): Blood volume or blood pressure, vasopressin release
 *** [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SCN): Regulate the circadian cycle, 24-hour rhythms
@@ Line 62: / Line 63: @@
 |-
 |  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PV) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (ARC -> PA)]
+|-
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VM) || [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (ARC -> VMH)]
 |-
 | [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.DM) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN) || [http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> LHA)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PO) || [http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> VLPO)]
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|Median Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.MPO) || [http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> MPO)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PV) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (DMN -> PA)]
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PV) || [http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> PVH)]
 |-
-| [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN) || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.LMB) || (unknown reference)
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO) || [http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> VLPO)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.MMB) || (unknown reference)
+| [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PV) || [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (LHA -> PVN)]
 |-
-| [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN|Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PN) || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.LMB) || (unknown reference)
+| [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|Median Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.MPO) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH|Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.AH) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> AH)]
-|-
-|  || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.MMB) || (unknown reference)
-|-
-| [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PO) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH|Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.AH) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> AH)]
 |-
 |  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PV) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> PA)]
@@ Line 83: / Line 82: @@
 |  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO|Supraoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SO) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> SON)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM) || (unknown reference)
+| [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|Premammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PRM) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|Median Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.MPO) || (unknown reference)
-|-
-|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.TBM) || (unknown reference)
-|-
-| [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|Premammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PRM) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PO) || (unknown reference)
 |-
 |  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VM) || (unknown reference)
-|-
-| [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PV) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VM) || (unknown reference)
 |-
 | [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SCN) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.DM) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (SCH -> DMN)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PO) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (SCH -> MPOA)]
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|Median Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.MPO) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (SCH -> MPOA)]
 |-
 |  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PV) || [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (SCN -> PVH)]
+|-
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO) || (unknown reference)
 |-
 | [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM) || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.LMB) || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (SupraMM -> LMB)]
 |-
 | [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.TBM) || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.MMB) || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (TuberoMM -> MMB, abstract)]
+|-
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO) || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (TMN -> VLPO)]
+|-
+| [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM) || (unknown reference)
 |-
 | [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VM) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.DM) || [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (VMN -> DMN)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PO) || (unknown reference)
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN) || [http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/302/2/R215 Glucose-sensing neural network (VMH -> LHA)]
+|-
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PV) || [http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/302/2/R215 Glucose-sensing neural network (VMH -> PVH)]
+|-
+|  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.VLPO) || (unknown reference)
 |}
@@ Line 121: / Line 124: @@
 | [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei]] (FAM.FT.SEP) || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_MED|FAM.FT.SEP.MED]] -> [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]]||[http://www.thebrainlabs.com Cingulate Gyrus (SEP -> HT, abstract)]
 |-
-| [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]] (FD.TH.CR) || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV|LPC.FD.TH.PV]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|LAC.FD.HT.PO]]||(unknown reference)
+| [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]] (FD.TH.CR) || [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV|NDM.FD.TH.PV]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|LAC.FD.HT.MPO]]||(unknown reference)
 |-
 | [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]] (FEC.FT.BG) || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]]||(unknown reference)
@@ Line 131: / Line 134: @@
 | [[BrainCenterHL_MN|Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei]] (HL.MN) || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_INM|LRC.HL.INM]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN|LAC.FD.HT.PN]]||(unknown reference)
 |-
-| [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HL.SN) || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|LPC.HL.SOL]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR|LAC.FD.HT.AR]]||(unknown reference)
+| [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HL.SN) || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|LPC.HL.SOL]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]]||[http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (NTS -> DMH)]
 |-
 | [[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation]] (HT.RF) || [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|LPC.HT.PRF.PB]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]]||[http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (PBN -> DMH)]
 |-
-| [[BrainCenterHT_TG|Pontine Tegmental Nuclei]] (HT.TG) || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] -> [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]]||(unknown reference)
+| [[BrainCenterHT_TG|Pontine Tegmental Nuclei]] (HT.TG) || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] -> [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]]||[http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf Hippocampal Formation (DTN -> LMam)]
+|-
+| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus]] (LMC.HT.LC) || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]]||[http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (LC -> VLPO)]
 |-
 | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area]] (LMC.MM.VTA) || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] -> [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]]||[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)]
 |-
-| [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retina]] (LPC.FD.RT) || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|LPC.FD.RT]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|LAC.FD.HT.SCN]]||[http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> HT, abstract)]
+| [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus]] (LPC.FD.RT) || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|LPC.FD.RT]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|LAC.FD.HT.SCN]]||[http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> SCN)]
 |-
-| [[BrainCenterMM_RF|Mesencephalic Reticular Formation]] (MM.RF) || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] -> [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]]||(unknown reference)
+| [[BrainCenterMM_RF|Mesencephalic Reticular Formation]] (MM.RF) || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] -> [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]]||(unknown reference)
 |-
 | [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NC.ACG) || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH|LAC.FD.HT.AH]]||(unknown reference)
@@ Line 168: / Line 173: @@
 |-
 | [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]] (FEC.FD.STA) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|LAC.FD.HT.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]]||(unknown reference)
+|-
+| [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]] (FEC.FT.BG) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|LAC.FD.HT.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]]||[http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VMN -> NAc, abstract)]
 |-
 | [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]] (FMM.FT.HF) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN|LAC.FD.HT.PN]] -> [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3P|FMM.FT.HC.CA3P]]||(unknown reference)
@@ Line 175: / Line 182: @@
 | [[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation]] (HL.RF) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]]||(unknown reference)
 |-
-| [[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation]] (HT.RF) || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_PDT|LLC.HT.PRF.PDT]]||[http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/mb.jpg Mammillary Body (LMB -> RTG)]
+| [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HL.SN) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|LAC.FD.HT.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|LPC.HL.SOL]]||[http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VMN -> NTS)]
+|-
+| [[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation]] (HT.RF) || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG|LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]]||[http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/mb.jpg Mammillary Body (LMB -> RTG)]
 |-
 | [[BrainCenterHT_SN|Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HT.SN) || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PN_RSP|LLC.HT.PN.RSP]]||[https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (HT -> PN, abstract)]
 |-
-| [[BrainCenterHT_TG|Pontine Tegmental Nuclei]] (HT.TG) || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]]||[http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf Hippocampal Formation (LMam -> DTN)]
+| [[BrainCenterHT_TG|Pontine Tegmental Nuclei]] (HT.TG) || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]]||[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)]
 |-
-| [[BrainCenterLAC_PN_SYM_PA|Paravertebral Sympathetic Ganglia]] (LAC.PN.SYM.PA) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|LAC.FD.HT.SCN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]]||(unknown reference)
+| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus]] (LMC.HT.LC) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]]||[http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (DMH -> LC)]
-|-
-| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus]] (LMC.HT.LC) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]]||(unknown reference)
-|-
-| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter]] (LMC.MM.PAG) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|LAC.FD.HT.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]]||(unknown reference)
 |-
 | [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]] (MM.REF) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|LAC.FD.HT.SCN]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT|LRC.MM.PT.NOT]]||(unknown reference)
+|-
+| [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NC.AL.OMPFC) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS]]||[http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (LHA -> OFC, abstract)]
 |-
 | [[BrainCenterSC_IZ|Intermediate Zone]] (SC.IZ) || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN|LAC.FD.HT.PN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC|LAC.SC.IZ.CSC]]||[http://www.nature.com/pr/journal/v71/n3/fig_tab/pr201138f1.html Sympathetic and parasympathetic eye pathways (PHT -> CC)]

Difference between revisions of "BrainCenterFD HT"

Latest revision as of 18:52, 28 November 2018

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