BiologicalLifeResearch

Biological Life Research

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This page is intended to create model of biological human brain based on open research results across the world. Related findings are structured by other research themes.

Overall Brain

• Mind Maps
• Mind Tracts
• Peripheral Brain
• Neural Networks
• Overall Circuits
• Brain Development

Brain Areas

Approach of defining areas:

• make areas functionally named and identified
• do not create thalamus area to avoid mixing unrelated paths, assign thalamus nuclei to other areas
• do not create limbic area to avoid mixing unrelated functions, assign limbic components to other areas
• take into account all subcortical nuclei and ganglia
• all areas mapped by Brodmann placed in cortical category
• consider only single left hemisphere
• consider area as set of groups of regions and links which serve similar function, with area corresponging to providing this function in several circuits (groups)

Area Code	Area Name	Specific	Function	Comments
aHuman
TSA	Target Sensory Area	yes	aHuman Target Sensors	Biological Sensors
TEA	Target Effectory Area	yes	aHuman Target Effectors	Biological Motors
Lower Brain
LPC	Peripheral Control Area	yes	Conscious Control of Target	Sensory Ganglia, Conscious Sensory and Motor Nuclei
LRC	Motor Reflex Area	yes	Reflexive Motor Behavior	Nuclei of Reflex Circuits Resulting in Motor Behavior and Posture Maintenance
LAC	Autonomous Control Area	yes	Autonomic Nuclei and Ganglia	Nuclei to Control Autonomic Organs and Autonomic Ganglia
LLC	Locomotion Control Area	no	Learned Rythmic Movements	Locomotion Nuclei and Cerebellum
LMC	Modulatory Contol Area	no	Ascending and Descending Non-Specific Modulation	Includes Nuclei Projecting Both Up and Down
Forebrain
FEC	Execution Control Area	no	Executing Motor Sequences	Premotor and Supplemental Sequences are Wrapped out via Basal Ganglia
FAM	Affective Motivations Area	no	Aggregate Body and Mental Motivations	Merges Top Body Feeling and Sensory Streams
FMM	Memory Management Area	no	Establish Hierarchical Memory	Top of Sensory Hierarchy
Neocortical Brain
NSA	Sensory Aggregation Area	yes	Unimodal Sensory Aggregation	Neocortical Sensory Data and Unimodal Aggregation
NPE	Unimodal Execution Area	yes	Initiate Polymodal Execution	Aggregate polymodal data, direct to planning and decision making
NMA	Motor Aggregation Area	no	Motor Hierarhical Aggregation	Wrap Out Motor Sequences to Specific Motor Steps
NDM	Decision Making Area	no	Sensory-Drive Associations with Working Memory	Choose Actions and Create Working Memory
NCP	Conscious Personality Area	no	Produce Mental Feeling	Handle Pain and Errors

Brain Structure Overview

(generated)

Forebrain Diencephalon (FD):

• Habenula (FAM.FD.HB)
• Hypothalamus (FD.HT)
• Retinal Nucleus (LPC.FD.RT)
• Subthalamus Area (FEC.FD.STA)
• Thalamus
  • Cognitive Thalamus (FD.TH.CR)
  • Motor Thalamus (FD.TH.MR)
  • Sensory Thalamus (FD.TH.SR)

Forebrain Telencephalon (FT):

• Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG)
• Extended Amygdala
  • Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM)
  • Central Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.CEAM)
  • Septal Nuclei (FAM.FT.SEP)
• Hippocampal Formation (FMM.FT.HF)
• Olfactory Nuclei (FT.OLF)

Hindbrain Myelencephalon (HL):

• Medullary Reticular Formation (HL.RF)
• Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei (HL.MN)
• Myelencephalic Parasympathetic Nuclei (HL.PSN)
• Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HL.SN)

Hindbrain Metencephalon (HT):

• Cerebellar Complex (LLC.HT.CRC)
• Locus Coeruleus (LMC.HT.LC)
• Metencephalic Motor Nuclei (HT.MN)
• Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HT.SN)
• Pontine Reticular Formation (HT.RF)
• Pontine Tegmental Nuclei (HT.TG)
• Vestibular Nuclei (LPC.HT.VBN)

Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM):

• Mesencephalic Reticular Formation (MM.RF)
• Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.PER)
• Periaqueductal Gray Matter (LMC.MM.PAG)
• Red Nucleus (LLC.MM.RD)
• Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF)
• Ventral Tegmental Area (LMC.MM.VTA)

Cerebral Cortex (NC):

• Anterior Lobe
  • Anterior Cingulate Area (NC.ACG)
  • Motor Cortex (NMA.NC.MC)
  • Prefrontal Cortex
    • Lateral Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.LPFC)
    • Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.OMPFC)
  • Premotor Cortex (NC.PMC)
  • Supplementary Motor Cortex (NMA.NC.SMC)
• Occipital Lobe (NC.LOBE.OCC)
• Parahippocampal Lobe
  • Anterior Parahippocampal Gyrus
    • Retrosubicular Area (FMM.NC.PHA.RS)
    • Rhinal Cortex (NC.PHA.RH)
  • Posterior Parahippocampal Gyrus (FMM.NC.PHP)
• Parietal Lobe
  • Inferior Parietal Lobule (NC.IPL)
  • Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS)
  • Medial Parietal Lobule (NC.MPL)
  • Postcentral Gyrus
    • Anterior Parietal Cortex (NC.PG.APC)
    • Lateral Parietal Cortex (NC.PG.LPC)
    • Parietal Operculum (NC.PO)
  • Superior Parietal Lobule (NC.SPL)
• Temporal Lobe
  • Inferotemporal Area (NSA.NC.IT)
  • Insular Cortex (NC.INS)
  • Superior Temporal Gyrus (NC.STG)
  • Transverse Temporal Gyrus (NSA.NC.TTG)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

• Parasympathetic Ganglia
  • Body Parasympathetic Ganglia (PN.PSYM.BD)
  • Head and Neck Parasympathetic Ganglia (PN.PSYM.HD)
• Sensory Ganglia
  • Dorsal Root Ganglia (LPC.PN.SG.DRG)
  • Sensory Exteroception Ganglia (PN.SG.SE)
  • Sensory Interoception Ganglia (PN.SG.SI)
  • Vestibular Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.VB)
• Sympathetic Ganglia
  • Paravertebral Sympathetic Ganglia (LAC.PN.SYM.PA)
  • Prevertebral Sympathetic Ganglia (LAC.PN.SYM.PR)

Spinal Cord (SC):

• Anterior/Ventral Horn (SC.VH)
• Central canal (AVA.SC.CC)
• Intermediate Zone (SC.IZ)
• Lateral Horn/Funiculus (BMA.SC.LH)
• Posterior/Dorsal Horn (BMA.SC.PH)

Target (TG):

• Human Effectors
  • Blood vessels (TARGET.TEA.VESSELS)
  • Breast (TARGET.TEA.BREAST)
  • Endocrine Glands (TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE)
  • Face (TARGET.TEA.FACE)
  • Genitalia (TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA)
  • Hand (TARGET.TEA.HAND)
  • Heart (TARGET.TEA.HEART)
  • Immunity glands and meninges (TARGET.TEA.PROTECTOR)
  • Leg (TARGET.TEA.LEG)
  • Liver (TARGET.TEA.LIVER)
  • Lung (TARGET.TEA.LUNG)
  • Mouth feeder (TARGET.TEA.FEEDER)
  • Mouth speaker (TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER)
  • Neck (TARGET.TEA.NECK)
  • Rectum (TARGET.TEA.RECTUM)
  • Stomach (TARGET.TEA.STOMACH)
  • Trunk (TARGET.TEA.TRUNK)
  • Ureter (TARGET.TEA.URETER)
• Human Sensors
  • Ear (TARGET.TSA.EAR)
  • Eye (TARGET.TSA.EYE)
  • Nose (TARGET.TSA.NOSE)

Circuits

(generated)