BrainAreaLLC

Locomotion Control Area

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Local Circuits

(generated)

ID	Name	Regions
LLC	Cerebrocerebellar Locomotion	LLC.HT.BPN, LLC.HT.CR.CC, LLC.HT.CR.DN, LLC.HT.PN.RSP, LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG
LLL	Spinocerebellar Learning	LLC.FD.TH.SF, LLC.HL.ARC, LLC.HL.IO, LLC.HL.RF.MLRN, LLC.HL.RF.PLRN, LLC.HT.PN.PBB
LLS	Spinocerebellar Locomotion	LLC.HT.CR.EN, LLC.HT.CR.GN, LLC.HT.CR.PV, LLC.MM.RD

Cerebrocerebellar Locomotion

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LLC.HT.BPN	Basilar Pontine Nuclei	nucleus	LUS	convey information from motor cortex to cerebellum regarding intended movements of contralateral arm and leg	receive neocortical input and give rise to many axons that cross the midline to enter the contralateral cerebellum
LLC.HT.CR.CC	Cerebellar Lateral Lobe	cortex	LLC	planning movement that is about to occur, evaluating sensory information for action, handles intentions	lateral zone of anterior and posterior lobes; dentate nucleus; receives input exclusively from cerebral cortex (especially parietal lobe) via pontine nuclei (forming cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways), and sends output mainly to ventrolateral thalamus and to red nucleus; add skill to movements
LLC.HT.CR.DN	Dentate Nucleus	nucleus	LLC	planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements	dorsal - movement of skeletal muscle, ventral - conscious thought and visuospatial function
LLC.HT.PN.RSP	Rostral Pontine Nucleus	nucleus	LLI	Part of learning, motivation, spatial memory pathway	Relay from mammillary body to CR
LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	nucleus	LLI	Mediate saccadic eye movements	Inactivation leads to deficit of expression, but not learning

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LLC.HT.BPN	LLC.HT.CR.CC	nucleus-allocortex	Cerebellum functional divisions (PNN -> CRP)
LLC.HT.CR.CC	LLC.HT.CR.DN	allocortex-nucleus-gaba	Cerebellum functional divisions (CRP -> DN)
LLC.HT.PN.RSP	LLC.HT.CR.DN	nucleus-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	NDM.NC.AL.VACG	Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
NMA	LLC.HT.BPN	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> PNN, abstract)
	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
NPE	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	NPE.NC.BRA.PO	Broca's Area Pars Opercularis	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	LLC.HT.CR.CC	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus-allocortex-DA	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (SN -> CR, abstract)
FMM	LLC.HT.PN.RSP	FMM.FD.MB.MMB	Medial Mammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (HT -> PN, abstract)
	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	FMM.FD.MB.LMB	Lateral Mammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Mammillary Body (LMB -> RTG)
		FMM.FD.MB.MMB	Medial Mammillary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Mammillary Body (MMB -> RTG)
LAC	LLC.HT.PN.RSP	LAC.FD.HT.RCH	Retrochiasmatic Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (HT -> PN, abstract)
LLC	LLC.HT.CR.CC	LLC.HL.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	Cerebellum functional divisions (IO -> CRP)
LPC	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	LPC.HL.TGS.STR	Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (SpinalTrigeminal -> RF, abstract)
LRC	LLC.HT.CR.CC	LRC.HT.PRF.RPO	Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	Saccades and smooth movements (DLPN -> CR, abstract)
	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	Deep Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)
		LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	LLC.HT.CR.DN	NCP.FD.TH.RIL	Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
NDM	LLC.HT.CR.DN	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	nucleus-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NMA	LLC.HT.CR.DN	NMA.FD.TH.VL	Ventral Lateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Thalamocortical relationships (s1VL -> VL)
Subcortical
LLC	LLC.HT.CR.DN	LLC.HT.CR.GN	Globose Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Motor neurons control (LT -> RD)
LRC	LLC.HT.BPN	LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	LRC.HT.CR.FN	Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
		LRC.HT.CR.VM	Cerebellar Vermis	nucleus-allocortex-gaba	(unknown reference)

Spinocerebellar Learning

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LLC.FD.TH.SF	Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus	LUS	Relays from PAG to Rhape nuclei, Inferior olive nucleus
LLC.HL.ARC	Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla	nucleus	LLI	Relay cardiorepriratory proprioception to cerebellum	Receives fibers from spinothalamic tract and sends to CR; controlling respiratory frequency; chemosensitivity and cardiorespiratory activity
LLC.HL.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus	LLI	Proprioception Relay from Spinal Cord to Cerebellum
LLC.HL.RF.MLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular	nucleus	LLI	spinal cord projections to cerebellum, cervical	from RD; medial, magnocellular portion, immediately adjacent to lateral - to vermis; rest of magnocellular subnucleus sends its projections to hemisphere regions of cerebellum
LLC.HL.RF.PLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular	nucleus	LLI	spinal cord projections to cerebellum, thoracolumbar	from RD; lateral, parvocellular portion of LRN send most their projections to vermis of cerebellum
LLC.HT.PN.PBB	Pontobulbar Body	nucleus	LLI	Relay neck proprioception to cerebellum	Walking, speaking, breathing, part of corticopontocerebellar pathway

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LLC.FD.TH.SF	LLC.HL.IO	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	LLC.HT.PN.PBB	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (MC -> PN, abstract)
Subcortical
LLC	LLC.HL.IO	LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (RD -> IO)
	LLC.HL.RF.MLRN	LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HL.RF.PLRN	LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LMC	LLC.FD.TH.SF	LMC.MM.PAG	Periaqueductal Gray Matter	nucleus-nucleus-ENK	(unknown reference)
LPC	LLC.HL.ARC	LPC.SC.PH.CL	Clarke Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HL.IO	LPC.SC.IZ.CCV	Central Cervical Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.PH.NP	Proprius Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (SCS -> IO)
	LLC.HL.RF.PLRN	LPC.SC.IZ.IMM	Intermediomedial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HT.PN.PBB	LPC.SC.PH.CL	Clarke Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LRC	LLC.HL.IO	LRC.MM.DSCH	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
LLC	LLC.HL.ARC	LLC.HT.CR.PV	Cerebellar Paravermis	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HL.IO	LLC.HT.CR.CC	Cerebellar Lateral Lobe	nucleus-allocortex	Cerebellum functional divisions (IO -> CRP)
		LLC.HT.CR.GN	Globose Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HT.CR.PV	Cerebellar Paravermis	nucleus-allocortex	Cerebellum functional divisions (IO -> CRS)
	LLC.HL.RF.MLRN	LLC.HT.CR.PV	Cerebellar Paravermis	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HL.RF.PLRN	LLC.HT.CR.PV	Cerebellar Paravermis	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HT.PN.PBB	LLC.HT.CR.PV	Cerebellar Paravermis	nucleus-allocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)
LMC	LLC.FD.TH.SF	LMC.MM.RP.DRN	Dorsal Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	(unknown reference)
LRC	LLC.HL.IO	LRC.HT.CR.VM	Cerebellar Vermis	nucleus-allocortex	Cerebellum functional divisions (IO -> CRV)

Spinocerebellar Locomotion

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
LLC.HT.CR.EN	Emboliform Nucleus	nucleus	LLC	Modulate motor functions of Red Nucleus	Trigeminocerebellar tract
LLC.HT.CR.GN	Globose Nucleus	nucleus	LLC	Modulate motor functions of Red Nucleus
LLC.HT.CR.PV	Cerebellar Paravermis	cortex	LLC	fine-tune body and limb movements	medial zone of anterior and posterior lobes; interpositus (emboliform and globose) nuclei; tunes and adjusts ongoing movements and muscle tone
LLC.MM.RD	Red Nucleus	nucleus	LLE	Motor coordination	Crawling of babies is controlled by RN

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
LLC.HT.CR.EN	LLC.HT.CR.GN	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.MM.RD	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (IP -> RD, abstract)
LLC.HT.CR.GN	LLC.MM.RD	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (IP -> RD, abstract)
LLC.HT.CR.PV	LLC.HT.CR.EN	allocortex-nucleus-gaba	Cerebellum functional divisions (CRS -> IP, abstract)
	LLC.HT.CR.GN	allocortex-nucleus-gaba	Cerebellum functional divisions (CRS -> IP, abstract)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	LLC.MM.RD	NDM.NC.AL.VACG	Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> RD, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	LLC.MM.RD	FEC.FT.SNC.LT	Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-DA	(unknown reference)
LLC	LLC.HT.CR.GN	LLC.HL.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HT.CR.DN	Dentate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HT.CR.PV	LLC.HL.ARC	Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HL.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	Cerebellum functional divisions (IO -> CRS)
		LLC.HL.RF.MLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HL.RF.PLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HT.PN.PBB	Pontobulbar Body	nucleus-allocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)
	LLC.MM.RD	LLC.HT.CR.DN	Dentate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Motor neurons control (LT -> RD)
LMC	LLC.HT.CR.PV	LMC.HL.RP.OB	Raphe Obscurus Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex-5HT	(unknown reference)
		LMC.HP.RP.PRN	Pontine Raphe Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex-5HT	(unknown reference)
LPC	LLC.HT.CR.PV	LPC.HL.ACU	Accessory Cuneate Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LPC.HL.CU	Cuneate Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.IZ.CBS	Centrobasalis Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.IZ.CCV	Central Cervical Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	Cerebellum functional divisions (CCV -> CRS)
		LPC.SC.IZ.IMM	Intermediomedial Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.PH.CL	Clarke Nucleus	nucleus-allocortex	Afferent pain pathways (SC -> Cerebellum, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Subcortical
FEC	LLC.HT.CR.EN	FEC.FD.TH.CM	Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LLC	LLC.MM.RD	LLC.HL.IO	Inferior Olivary Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (RD -> IO)
		LLC.HL.RF.MLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LLC.HL.RF.PLRN	Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
LPC	LLC.MM.RD	LPC.SC.VH.PL	Posterolateral Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Motor neurons control (RD -> FAMN, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.PM	Posteromedial Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Motor neurons control (RD -> FAMN, abstract)
LRC	LLC.HT.CR.EN	LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HT.CR.GN	LRC.MM.DSCH	Darkschewitsch Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.SC.DEEP	Deep Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	LLC.HT.CR.PV	LRC.HT.CR.FG	Fastigual Nucleus	allocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CRS -> FG)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• Cerebellum functional divisions - see Reference (CM.CR-DECUSSATION)

CCV=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV
CRP=Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC
CRS=Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV
CRV=Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
DN=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG
IO=Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO
IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see Cerebellar Complex)
LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
PNN=Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN
RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
SCM=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
SCS=Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP
SCSD=Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL
VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN
VBG=Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB
VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL

• Motor neurons control - see Reference (CM.CR-MN)

CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex)
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
EAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
EGMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
FAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG
IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see Cerebellar Complex)
LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
MRF=Medullary Reticular Formation,HL.RF
PRF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD
VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN

• Mammillary Body (unknown reference) (CT.LMB-MMB)

LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB
MMB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB
RTG=Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus,LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG

• Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements - see Reference (CP.VISION-SACCADES)

Bechterew=Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus,LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG
CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex)
FEFSEF=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
LGB=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (see Pontine Reticular Formation)
PrimaryVisual=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
RIP=Raphe Interpositus Nucleus,LRC.MM.RP.RIP
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
Vestibular=Superior Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.SVBN
VisualAssociation=Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG

• Thalamocortical relationships - see Reference (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS)

A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
CM=Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM
LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
LP=Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP
MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus)
MGN=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB
P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see Sensory Thalamus)
VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA
VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL
VPL=Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL
VPM=Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM
pA=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG
pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia)
pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
pLGN=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
pLP=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
pMGN=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
pP=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
pVA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC
pVL=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
pVPL=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
pVPM=Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC
s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
s1MD=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
s1P=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV
s1VL=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see Hypothalamus)
s2MD=Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR
s2P=Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR
s2VL=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
sLD=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
sVA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see Posterior/Dorsal Horn)
sVPM=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL

References

(generated)

• http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm
• http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987
• http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/