BrainAreaNMA
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Motor Aggregation Area
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Contents
Local Circuits
(generated)
| ID | Name | Regions |
| FLM | Flexor Motor | NMA.FD.TH.VL, NMA.NC.MC |
| SEQ | Complex Motor | NMA.FD.TH.MDL, NMA.NC.SMC.F3, NMA.NC.SMC.F6 |
| XTM | Extensor Motor | NMA.FD.TH.VA, NMA.NC.PMC.F2, NMA.NC.PMC.F4, NMA.NC.PMC.F5, NMA.NC.PMC.F7 |
Flexor Motor
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| NMA.FD.TH.VL | Ventral Lateral Nucleus | nucleus | NMU | Relay BSA.CR to MCA.MC | Executive motor |
| NMA.NC.MC | Motor Cortex | cortex, BA 04 | NMU | Execution of required voluntary movements | F1; Encode individual movements |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| NMA.FD.TH.VL | NMA.NC.MC | nucleus-neocortex | Thalamocortical relationships (VL -> pVL) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NCP | NMA.NC.MC | NCP.NC.PG.PV | Parietal Ventral Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract) |
| NCP.NC.PG.S1 | Primary Somatosensory Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (S1 -> M1) | ||
| NCP.NC.PG.S2 | Secondary Somatosensory Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract) | ||
| NMA | NMA.NC.MC | NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PMC -> MC, abstract) |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F5 | Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | Primate Control of Grasping (F5 -> F1) | ||
| Subcortical | |||||
| FEC | NMA.FD.TH.VL | FEC.FT.GPI.LT | Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Thalamocortical relationships (s2VL -> VL, abstract) |
| LLC | NMA.FD.TH.VL | LLC.HT.CR.DN | Dentate Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Thalamocortical relationships (s1VL -> VL) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
Complex Motor
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| NMA.FD.TH.MDL | Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus | NMU | relay tegmentum to dorsal cingulate cortex | Relay Superior Colliculus, TH-LD, LDTG, IPD to ACCdl |
| NMA.NC.SMC.F3 | Supplementary Motor Area | cortex, BA 06 | NMU | Movement execution; Numerical and verbal mental-operation tasks | from TH/VLo from from putamen; F1/F2/F4/24d - strong; F6/F7/F5/24c - modest; no input from the prefrontal lobe |
| NMA.NC.SMC.F6 | Pre-Supplementary Motor Area | cortex, BA 06 | NMU | High level motor functions; Numerical and verbal mental-operation tasks | from TH/VLpc, MD from caudate, CR; F5/24c/46; no connections with F1 |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | NMA.NC.SMC.F6 | NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR | Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | Primate Control of Grasping (46 -> F6, abstract) |
| NMA | NMA.NC.SMC.F3 | NMA.FD.TH.VA | Ventral Anterior Nucleus | nucleus-neocortex | Thalamocortical relationships (VA -> pVA, abstract) |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F4 | Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | (unknown reference) | ||
| NMA.NC.SMC.F6 | NMA.FD.TH.VA | Ventral Anterior Nucleus | nucleus-neocortex | Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F6) | |
| NMA.FD.TH.VL | Ventral Lateral Nucleus | nucleus-neocortex | Basal Ganglia Activity (VLo -> SMC, abstract) | ||
| Subcortical | |||||
| FEC | NMA.FD.TH.MDL | FEC.FT.SNR.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract) |
| FEC.FT.VP.DL | Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
Extensor Motor
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| NMA.FD.TH.VA | Ventral Anterior Nucleus | nucleus | NMU | Relay BGA.SN, BGA.GPI, FCA.OMPFC, FCA.CG to MCA.PMC, MCA.SMC | Cognitive motor |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex | cortex, BA 06 | NMU | Guiding reaching | 6DC; Active during preparation for reach and also during reach itself; leg and arm; transform sensory information into motor representation; preparation and execution of motor acts |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F4 | Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex | cortex, BA 06 | NMU | Sensory guidance of movement | 6VC; Neurons are especially sensitive to objects in space immediately surrounding body; move head, face and arm |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F5 | Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex | cortex, BA 06 | NMU | Shaping hand during grasping | 6VR; Mirror neurons - both sensory and motor; arm; F5c=convexity - F1/F4/F2VR/F6/F3/24d/24c, F5p=posterior - F3/F4/F1/24c/24a, F5a=anterior - F4/F6/24c/24d/24a/46v/12r/12l |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F7 | Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex | cortex, BA 06 | NMU | Associate arbitrary sensory stimuli with specific eye movements | 6DR; Can evoke eye movements; strong afferents from DLPFC; convey inputs to caudal concerning motivation, long term plans, memory of past actions; integrates sensory and internally driven inputs for planning of goal-directed actions |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| NMA.FD.TH.VA | NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | nucleus-neocortex | Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (TH -> PMC, abstract) |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F5 | nucleus-neocortex | Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F5) | |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F4 | NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | neocortex-neocortex | (unknown reference) |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F5 | NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | neocortex-neocortex | (unknown reference) |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F7 | NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | neocortex-neocortex | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- Primate Control of Grasping - see Reference (CM.GRASPING-CONTROL)
46=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) AIP=Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG BTH=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA F1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC F2=Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2 F4=Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F4 F5=Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F5 F6=Pre-Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F6 IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT PIP=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see Intraparietal Sulcus) S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 S2=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC VIP=Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP
- Thalamocortical relationships - see Reference (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS)
A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus) CM=Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN LP=Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus) MGN=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see Sensory Thalamus) VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL VPL=Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL VPM=Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM pA=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia) pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) pLGN=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1 pLP=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC pMGN=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1 pP=Insular Cortex,NC.INS pVA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC pVL=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC pVPL=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 pVPM=Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) s1MD=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP s1P=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV s1VL=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see Hypothalamus) s2MD=Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR s2P=Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR s2VL=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) sLD=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) sVA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see Posterior/Dorsal Horn) sVPM=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
- Basal Ganglia Activity - see Reference (CM.BASAL-GANGLIA-ACTIVITY)
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) GPo=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia) M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC PMC=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC PU=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia) S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 SMC=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia) STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area) VLo=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL
- Normal Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia - see Reference (CM.NORMAL-BG-ANATOMY)
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia) GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area) VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL
- Two extended parallel pathways for decision making - see Reference (CT.PREFRONTAL-FOR-CONSCIOUSNESS)
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR PM=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC V1=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC VLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
- 3 Visual Cortex Paths - see Reference (CP.BASE-VISUAL-CORTEX-FLOWS)
IPL=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL IPS=Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT LPC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) MI=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC OCC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC SPL=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL dPM=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC (see Premotor Cortex) pre-SMA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC vPM=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see Premotor Cortex)
- Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus - see Reference (CM.STN-CONN)
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see Premotor Cortex) GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia) GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) MC=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see Basal Ganglia) STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area) VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
- Sensimotor Nerves - see Reference (CM.SENSIMOTOR-NERVES)
MC=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
- Sensimotor Interactions - see Reference (CM.SENSIMOTOR-INTERACTIONS)
MC=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
- Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior - see Reference (CM.PFC-MOTOR)
CN.PU=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia) CR=Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC GP=Globus Pallidus,FEC.FT.GP (see Basal Ganglia) LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) MC=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC PMC=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC PN=Pontine Nuclear Complex,HT.PN (see Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei) SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia) TH=Ventral Thalamus,FD.TH.VTH (see Motor Thalamus)
- Divisions of Cortical Motor System - see Reference (CM.MOTOR-DIVISIONS)
M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
- Motor Cortices (unknown reference) (CM.MOTOR-CORTICES)
M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
- Corticospinal pathway - see Reference (CM.CORTICOSPINAL-PATHWAY)
M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
- Cortico-Cortical Connectivity - see Reference (CL.CORTICO-CORTICAL-CONNECTIVITY)
A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1 AA=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3 M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC MA=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC PTHA=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 SA=Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1 VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe)
- Cerebellum functional divisions - see Reference (CM.CR-DECUSSATION)
CCV=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV CRP=Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC CRS=Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV CRV=Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT DN=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG IO=Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see Cerebellar Complex) LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN PNN=Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF SCM=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH SCS=Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP SCSD=Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN VBG=Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL
References
(generated)
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471
- http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
- http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html
- http://www.mdvu.org/library/disease/pd/par_path.asp
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438807000323
- article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf
- http://www.neurology.org/content/70/21/1991/F2.expansion.html
- http://aids.hallym.ac.kr/d/kns/tutor/chap2-bn.html
- https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627307007118
- http://brainmind.com
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080
- http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm
