BrainAreaNPE
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Polymodal Execution Area
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Contents
Local Circuits
(generated)
| ID | Name | Regions | Quality |
| AES | Execution by Auditory Inputs | NPE.NC.BRA.PO, NPE.NC.BRA.PT, NPE.NC.IPL.SMW, NPE.NC.STG.PAI | L0 |
| CVC | Cortical Vision Control | NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF, NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF, NPE.NC.SMC.SEF | L0 |
| GRC | Grasping Control | NPE.FD.TH.OPV, NPE.NC.IPS.MIP, NPE.NC.SPL.PF | L0 |
| NPS | Execution by Motion Inputs | NPE.FD.TH.MPV, NPE.NC.IPL.MST | L0 |
| ORV | Orienting by Visual Stimuli | NPE.NC.IPS.LIP, NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL, NPE.NC.OCC.V3D, NPE.NC.OCC.V3V | L0 |
| SEC | Subcortical Execution Control | NPE.FD.TH.LP, NPE.NC.SPL.PG | L0 |
Execution by Auditory Inputs
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NPE.NC.BRA.PO | Broca's Area Pars Opercularis | cortex, BA 44 | NEU | Speech Engine | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.BRA.PT | Broca's Area Pars Triangularis | cortex, BA 45 | NEU | Language production and prefrontal associational integration, propositional language comprehension |
L0 | |
| NPE.NC.IPL.SMW | Supramarginal Wernike Cortex | cortex, BA 40 | NEU | Phonological and articulatory processing of words | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.STG.PAI | Parainsular Area | cortex, BA 52 | NEU | Medial auditory stream | between insula and 41, supplementary auditory cortex, monkey only; superior bank of superior temporal gyrus, posterior margin of insula |
L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| NPE.NC.BRA.PT | NPE.NC.IPL.SMW | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Cortical Auditory System (IFC44 -> IPL40, abstract) |
| NPE.NC.STG.PAI | NPE.NC.IPL.SMW | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NCP | NPE.NC.BRA.PO | NCP.NC.TPC | Temporopolar Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Language-Related Regions (TC -> BA45, abstract) |
| NPE.NC.IPL.SMW | NCP.NC.PG.S1 | Primary Somatosensory Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (S1 -> PTHA, abstract) | |
| NCP.NC.PG.S2 | Secondary Somatosensory Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| NPE.NC.STG.PAI | NCP.FD.TH.VPM | Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| NPE | NPE.NC.IPL.SMW | NPE.NC.IPL.MST | Medial Superior Temporal Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Visual Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract) |
| NSA | NPE.NC.BRA.PT | NSA.NC.STG.A3 | Wernicke's area A3 | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Cortical Auditory System (STS22 -> IFC45, abstract) |
| NSA.NC.STG.A4 | Wernicke's area A4 | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Language-Related Regions (pSTC -> BA44, abstract) | ||
| NPE.NC.IPL.SMW | NSA.NC.IPS.VIP | Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> IPL, abstract) | |
| NSA.NC.STG.A3 | Wernicke's area A3 | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (AA -> PTHA, abstract) | ||
| NSA.NC.STG.A4 | Wernicke's area A4 | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Cortical Auditory System (AC22 -> IPL40, abstract) | ||
| NSA.NC.TTG.A1 | Primary Auditory Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Dual Auditory Processing (A1 -> PPC, abstract) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NMA | NPE.NC.IPL.SMW | NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Dual Auditory Processing (PPC -> DLPFC, abstract) |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F4 | Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract) | ||
| NPE | NPE.NC.BRA.PO | NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF | Anterior Frontal Eye Field | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Cortical Auditory System (IFC44 -> PMC8, abstract) |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| LLC | NPE.NC.BRA.PO | LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG | Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract) |
| LRC | NPE.NC.BRA.PO | LRC.HT.PRF.RPO | Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract) |
Cortical Vision Control
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF | Anterior Frontal Eye Field | cortex, BA 08 | NMU | Head and eye movements toward auditory stimuli | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF | Caudal Frontal Eye Field | cortex, BA 08 | NMU | Head and eye movements toward visual stimuli | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.SMC.SEF | Supplementary Eye Field | cortex, BA 06 | NMU | high level aspects of saccade control | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF | NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| NPE.NC.SMC.SEF | NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Summary of eye movement control (SEF -> FEF, abstract) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NMA | NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF | NMA.NC.PMC.F5 | Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Cortical Auditory System (PMC8 -> PMC6, abstract) |
| NMA.NC.PMC.F7 | Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF | NMA.NC.PMC.F5 | Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FEC | NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF | FEC.FD.STN.MED | Subthalamic Nucleus Medial | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (FEF -> STN, abstract) |
| FEC.FT.CN.BD | Caudate Nucleus Body | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract) | ||
| LRC | NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF | LRC.HL.PRF.GCR | Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Motor neurons control (CTX -> MRF, abstract) |
| LRC.HT.PRF.RPO | Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract) | ||
| LRC.MM.CJ | Cajal Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> riMLF, abstract) | ||
| LRC.MM.DSCH | Darkschewitsch Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC.MM.SC.INT | Intermediate Superior Colliculus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Summary of eye movement control (FEF -> SC, abstract) | ||
| NPE.NC.SMC.SEF | LRC.MM.RP.RIP | Raphe Interpositus Nucleus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements (FEFSEF -> RIP, abstract) |
Grasping Control
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NPE.FD.TH.OPV | Oral Pulvinar | nucleus | NEU | Somatosensory functions | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.IPS.MIP | Medial Intraparietal Sulcus | cortex, BA 39 | NEU | Encode location of reach target in nose-centered coordinates | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.SPL.PF | Rostral Precuneus | cortex, BA 07 | NEU | Spatial orientation, representation of the self | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| NPE.FD.TH.OPV | NPE.NC.SPL.PF | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | Global visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NCP | NPE.FD.TH.OPV | NCP.NC.PG.S1 | Primary Somatosensory Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| NPE.NC.SPL.PF | NCP.NC.PG.S2 | Secondary Somatosensory Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| NPE | NPE.FD.TH.OPV | NPE.NC.SPL.PG | Caudal Precuneus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| NSA | NPE.NC.IPS.MIP | NSA.NC.IT.TEO | Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IT -> IPS, abstract) |
| NPE.NC.SPL.PF | NSA.NC.IPS.VIP | Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Parietal Association Cortex (VIP -> 7b) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NCP | NPE.NC.IPS.MIP | NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG | Posterior Cingulate Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| NPE.NC.SPL.PF | NCP.NC.MPL.RSC | Retrosplenial Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| NCP.NC.PO.PCC | Precentral Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| NDM | NPE.NC.SPL.PF | NDM.NC.AL.DACG | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract) |
| NMA | NPE.NC.SPL.PF | NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract) |
| NPE | NPE.NC.IPS.MIP | NPE.NC.SPL.PG | Caudal Precuneus | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> SPL, abstract) |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FMM | NPE.NC.SPL.PF | FMM.FD.TH.LD | Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | Thalamocortical relationships (sLD -> LD, abstract) |
Execution by Motion Inputs
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NPE.FD.TH.MPV | Medial Pulvinar | nucleus | NEU | Integration of associative cortical information and projects to visuomotor-related cortex |
L0 | |
| NPE.NC.IPL.MST | Medial Superior Temporal Area | cortex, BA 39 | NEU | Image stabilization, predictive target tracking | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
Orienting by Visual Stimuli
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NPE.NC.IPS.LIP | Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus | cortex, BA 39 | NEU | Representing saliency of spatial locations, and attention to locations | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL | Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe | cortex | NEU | Extract form features | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.OCC.V3D | Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex | cortex | NEU | Processing of global motion, orientation | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.OCC.V3V | Ventral Associative Visual Cortex | cortex | NEU | Processing of dynamic shapes | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL | NPE.NC.OCC.V3V | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V2 -> V3, abstract) |
| NPE.NC.OCC.V3D | NPE.NC.IPS.LIP | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Primate Control of Grasping (VC -> PIP, abstract) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NSA | NPE.NC.IPS.LIP | NSA.NC.OCC.MT | Middle Temporal Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> LIP) |
| NSA.NC.OCC.PO | Parietooccipital Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Parietal Association Cortex (V6 -> LIP) | ||
| NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL | NSA.NC.OCC.V1 | Primary Visual Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (V1 -> VA, abstract) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
Subcortical Execution Control
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| NPE.FD.TH.LP | Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus | NEU | Visual association cortex | L0 | |
| NPE.NC.SPL.PG | Caudal Precuneus | cortex, BA 07 | NEU | Controlling spatially guided behavior with respect to visual and tactile information |
L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| NPE.FD.TH.LP | NPE.NC.SPL.PG | nucleus-neocortex | uncertain | Thalamocortical relationships (LP -> pLP, abstract) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NCP | NPE.NC.SPL.PG | NCP.NC.PG.S1 | Primary Somatosensory Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | McNaughton Spatial Processing Network (SomSensCortex -> PosteriorParietalCortex) |
| NPE | NPE.NC.SPL.PG | NPE.NC.IPL.MST | Medial Superior Temporal Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a) |
| NPE.NC.IPS.LIP | Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (LIP -> 7a) | ||
| NPE.NC.IPS.MIP | Medial Intraparietal Sulcus | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> SPL, abstract) | ||
| NSA | NPE.NC.SPL.PG | NSA.NC.IPS.VIP | Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (VIP -> 7a) |
| NSA.NC.OCC.MT | Middle Temporal Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Parietal Association Cortex (V5A -> 7a) | ||
| NSA.NC.OCC.PO | Parietooccipital Area | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Parietal Association Cortex (V6 -> 7a) | ||
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FEC | NPE.FD.TH.LP | FEC.FT.GPI.DL | Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract) |
| LRC | NPE.FD.TH.LP | LRC.MM.PT.PTA | Anterior Pretectum Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LRC.MM.PT.SL | Sublentiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC.MM.SC.SUP | Superficial Superior Colliculus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Thalamocortical relationships (sLP -> LP, abstract) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NCP | NPE.NC.SPL.PG | NCP.NC.MPL.RSC | Retrosplenial Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | McNaughton Spatial Processing Network (PosteriorParietalCortex -> PCGRSP, abstract) |
| NMA | NPE.NC.SPL.PG | NMA.NC.PMC.F2 | Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract) |
| NPE | NPE.NC.SPL.PG | NPE.FD.TH.OPV | Oral Pulvinar | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| NPE.NC.SMC.SEF | Supplementary Eye Field | neocortex-neocortex | uncertain | Movement Planning (PPC -> SMC, abstract) |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- Parietal Association Cortex - see Reference (CP.VISUAL-PARIETAL-ASSOCIATION-CORTEX)
7a=Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG 7b=Rostral Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PF AIP=Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP LGB=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP TE=Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE TEO=Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1 V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe) V3A=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe) V3d=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe) V3v=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see Occipital Lobe) V5=Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT V5A=Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT V6=Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO VIP=Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP cIPS=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see Intraparietal Sulcus)
- Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT - see Reference (CP.PRIMARY-VISUAL-FORWARD-FLOWS)
7a=Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP MST=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST MT=Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT PO=Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT TE=Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE TEO=Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1 V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe) V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see Occipital Lobe) VIP=Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP
- Oculomotor decision-making - see Reference (CP.OCULOMOTOR-DECISION-MAKING)
AMYG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM CGa=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) CGp=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG Caudate=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia) FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see Premotor Cortex) LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP NAC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) SEF=Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- McNaughton Spatial Processing Network - see Reference (CP.VISUAL-SPATIAL-PROCESSING)
EnthCortex=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) HF=Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF ITCortex=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT PCGRSP=Medial Parietal Lobule,NC.MPL ParInsVestCortex=Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP PosteriorParietalCortex=Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) SomSensCortex=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
- Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements - see Reference (CP.VISION-SACCADES)
Bechterew=Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus,LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex) FEFSEF=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT LGB=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (see Pontine Reticular Formation) PrimaryVisual=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1 RIP=Raphe Interpositus Nucleus,LRC.MM.RP.RIP SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia) Vestibular=Superior Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.SVBN VisualAssociation=Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG
- Summary of eye movement control - see Reference (CP.EYE-FIELDS)
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see Premotor Cortex) PEF=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see Intraparietal Sulcus) PPRF=Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.PRF.PPRF (see Pontine Reticular Formation) SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) SEF=Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF riMLF=Cajal Nucleus,LRC.MM.CJ
- Cortical Auditory System - see Reference (CP.CORTICAL-AUDITORY-SYSTEM)
AC22=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4 Belt42=Auditory Association Area,NSA.NC.TTG.A2 Core41=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1 IFC44=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) IFC45=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) IPL40=Supramarginal Gyrus,NC.IPL.SMG (see Inferior Parietal Lobule) PMC6=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see Premotor Cortex) PMC8=Anterior Frontal Eye Field,NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF STS22=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3
- Saccadic Vision - see Reference (CP.SACCADIC-VISION)
BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia) CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex) FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia) LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) SNpr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area) Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
- Visual Dorsal Pathway - see Reference (CP.VISUAL-DORSAL-PATHWAY)
IPL=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN MST=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT SPL=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1 V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe) V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe) V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see Occipital Lobe) V5=Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT V6=Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO
- Postero-lateral and medial views of hemisphere of human - see Reference (CM.PARIETAL-OVERVIEW)
IPL=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST
- IPL Receptors - see Reference (CM.PARIETAL-IPL-RECEPTORS)
IPL=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST
- Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory - see Reference (CT.RECOGNITION-MEMORY)
AD=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD AM=Anteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.AM AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus) AV=Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV CM=Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD MB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB MDmc=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus) MID=Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus,FD.TH.MTH (see Cognitive Thalamus) MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) Parasub=Parasubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PAS Perirhinal=Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER PostCingulate=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG Presub=Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS Sub=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) SubPrePara=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) mPULV=Medial Pulvinar,NPE.FD.TH.MPV
- Thalamocortical relationships - see Reference (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS)
A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus) CM=Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN LP=Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus) MGN=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see Sensory Thalamus) VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL VPL=Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL VPM=Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM pA=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia) pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) pLGN=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1 pLP=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC pMGN=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1 pP=Insular Cortex,NC.INS pVA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC pVL=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC pVPL=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 pVPM=Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) s1MD=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP s1P=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV s1VL=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see Hypothalamus) s2MD=Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR s2P=Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR s2VL=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) sLD=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) sVA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see Posterior/Dorsal Horn) sVPM=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
References
(generated)
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679
- http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html
- http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987
- http://www.cixip.com/index.php/page/content/id/1190
- http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/fig_tab/nn.2331_F5.html
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html
- http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393205003568
- http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.expansion.html
- http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html
- http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
