Difference between revisions of "HumanNervesSpinalCervical"

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* '''head and neck cervical nerves, motor'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}
 
* '''head and neck cervical nerves, motor'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}
 
** '''ansa cervicalis''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ansacervicalis.htm ANSA CERVICALIS]); ORIGIN={from branches of C2/C3 nerves and from hypoglossal nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={branches to all infrahyoid muscles except the thyrohyoid}; MODALITY={extensor motor}
 
** '''ansa cervicalis''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ansacervicalis.htm ANSA CERVICALIS]); ORIGIN={from branches of C2/C3 nerves and from hypoglossal nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={branches to all infrahyoid muscles except the thyrohyoid}; MODALITY={extensor motor}
*** <img src="http://www.edoctoronline.com/media/19/photos_70E525D5-413A-4D15-9A87-62954E148E9A.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/c34330d6f1d8b27f10f34e2cf00dac33.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
*** '''ansa cervicalis, inferior root''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/infrootansacervicalis.htm INFERIOR ROOT OF ANSA CERVICALIS]); ORIGIN={union of branches from 2nd and 3rd cervical nerves}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternohyoid_muscle Speaker - sternohyoid muscle] - depress hyoid bone; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternothyroid_muscle Speaker - sternothyroid muscle] - elevates larynx, may slightly depress hyoid bone}
 
*** '''ansa cervicalis, inferior root''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/infrootansacervicalis.htm INFERIOR ROOT OF ANSA CERVICALIS]); ORIGIN={union of branches from 2nd and 3rd cervical nerves}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternohyoid_muscle Speaker - sternohyoid muscle] - depress hyoid bone; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternothyroid_muscle Speaker - sternothyroid muscle] - elevates larynx, may slightly depress hyoid bone}
 
*** '''ansa cervicalis, superior root''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne283.htm SUPERIOR ROOT OF ANSA CERVICALIS]); ORIGIN={C1 spinal cord segment ventral horn}; DISTRIBUTION={muscular branch to the superior belly of omohyoid}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omohyoid_muscle Speaker - omohyoid muscle] - Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone. Carries hyoid bone backward and to the side}
 
*** '''ansa cervicalis, superior root''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne283.htm SUPERIOR ROOT OF ANSA CERVICALIS]); ORIGIN={C1 spinal cord segment ventral horn}; DISTRIBUTION={muscular branch to the superior belly of omohyoid}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omohyoid_muscle Speaker - omohyoid muscle] - Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone. Carries hyoid bone backward and to the side}
 
** '''nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles'''; ORIGIN={C1-C2}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle Neck - rectus capitis anterior muscle] - flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle Neck - rectus capitis lateralis muscle] - sidebend at atlanto-occipital joint, takes care of flexing the neck}
 
** '''nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles'''; ORIGIN={C1-C2}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_anterior_muscle Neck - rectus capitis anterior muscle] - flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectus_capitis_lateralis_muscle Neck - rectus capitis lateralis muscle] - sidebend at atlanto-occipital joint, takes care of flexing the neck}
*** <img src="http://optimumsportsperformance.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/so.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0b59d66768a279de435723d1eb097e6b.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
** '''nerve to geniohyoid''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne277.htm NERVE TO GENIOHYOID]); ORIGIN={C1}; DISTRIBUTION={C1 fibers along with hypoglossal nerve to geniohyoid muscle, capital neck flexor}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geniohyoid_muscle Feeder - geniohyoid muscle] - carry hyoid bone and the tongue upward during deglutition}
 
** '''nerve to geniohyoid''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne277.htm NERVE TO GENIOHYOID]); ORIGIN={C1}; DISTRIBUTION={C1 fibers along with hypoglossal nerve to geniohyoid muscle, capital neck flexor}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geniohyoid_muscle Feeder - geniohyoid muscle] - carry hyoid bone and the tongue upward during deglutition}
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*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
** '''nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles'''; ORIGIN={C2-C4}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longus_capitis_muscle Neck - longus capitis muscle] - flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longus_colli_muscle Neck - longus colli muscle] - flexes the neck and head}
 
** '''nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles'''; ORIGIN={C2-C4}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longus_capitis_muscle Neck - longus capitis muscle] - flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longus_colli_muscle Neck - longus colli muscle] - flexes the neck and head}
*** <img src="http://body-disease.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/The-right-rectus-capitis-anterior-and-longus-colli-and-the-left-longus-capitis-muscles-anterior-view.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/02b1a1a158337770d5c5bd82928fe934.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
** '''nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles'''; ORIGIN={C3-C4}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levator_scapulae_muscle Hand - levator scapulae muscle, roots] - Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalenus_anterior Neck - scalenus anterior muscle] - C5, C6, elevates first rib, rotate the neck to the opposite side; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalenus_medius Neck - scalenus medius muscle] - C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, elevate 1st rib, laterally flex (bend) the neck to the same side; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalenus_posterior Neck - scalenus posterior muscle] - C6, C7, C8, elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to the same side}
 
** '''nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles'''; ORIGIN={C3-C4}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levator_scapulae_muscle Hand - levator scapulae muscle, roots] - Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalenus_anterior Neck - scalenus anterior muscle] - C5, C6, elevates first rib, rotate the neck to the opposite side; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalenus_medius Neck - scalenus medius muscle] - C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, elevate 1st rib, laterally flex (bend) the neck to the same side; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalenus_posterior Neck - scalenus posterior muscle] - C6, C7, C8, elevate 2nd rib, tilt the neck to the same side}
*** <img src="http://body-disease.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/The-right-rectus-capitis-anterior-and-longus-colli-and-the-left-longus-capitis-muscles-anterior-view.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/02b1a1a158337770d5c5bd82928fe934.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
** '''nerve to splenius capitis muscle'''; ORIGIN={C3-C4}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius_capitis_muscle Neck - splenius capitis muscle] - prime mover for head extension; can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine}
 
** '''nerve to splenius capitis muscle'''; ORIGIN={C3-C4}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius_capitis_muscle Neck - splenius capitis muscle] - prime mover for head extension; can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine}
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*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
** '''nerve to splenius cervilis muscle'''; ORIGIN={C5-C6}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius_cervicis_muscle Neck - splenius cervicis muscle] - bilaterally: extend the head and neck, unilaterally: lateral flexion to the same side, rotation to the same side}
 
** '''nerve to splenius cervilis muscle'''; ORIGIN={C5-C6}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenius_cervicis_muscle Neck - splenius cervicis muscle] - bilaterally: extend the head and neck, unilaterally: lateral flexion to the same side, rotation to the same side}
*** <img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Splenius_cervicis_muscle_back.png/240px-Splenius_cervicis_muscle_back.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/90d5c6f8fe0cb1ef7096b676ab73b7b1.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]]}
 
** '''thyroid nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne284.htm NERVE TO THYROHYOID]); ORIGIN={C1}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrohyoid_muscle Speaker - thyrohyoid muscle] - depresses hyoid bone and elevates the larynx}
 
** '''thyroid nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne284.htm NERVE TO THYROHYOID]); ORIGIN={C1}; MODALITY={extensor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrohyoid_muscle Speaker - thyrohyoid muscle] - depresses hyoid bone and elevates the larynx}
*** <img src="http://www.cambridgequestions.co.uk/diagrams/Hypoglossal%20nerve%202.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/5473a195f27fe1596c0f8adcb937befd.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_SPEAKER|Mouth speaker,TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_SPEAKER|Mouth speaker,TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER]]}
 
* '''head and neck cervical nerves, sensory'''; MODALITY={general sensory, extensor motor}
 
* '''head and neck cervical nerves, sensory'''; MODALITY={general sensory, extensor motor}
 
** <img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xcHyQKvK2K0/Tf9bFTmZkhI/AAAAAAAAH5o/7YzfCwbmWok/s1600/Great_Auricular_Nerve.JPG" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
** <img src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xcHyQKvK2K0/Tf9bFTmZkhI/AAAAAAAAH5o/7YzfCwbmWok/s1600/Great_Auricular_Nerve.JPG" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
** '''cervical nerve, transverse''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/transversecervical.htm TRANSVERSE CERVICAL NERVE]; cutaneous nerve of neck, anterior); ORIGIN={cervical PLEXUS (C2,C3)}; DISTRIBUTION={skin on side and front of neck, VPL}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''cervical nerve, transverse''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/transversecervical.htm TRANSVERSE CERVICAL NERVE]; cutaneous nerve of neck, anterior); ORIGIN={cervical PLEXUS (C2,C3)}; DISTRIBUTION={skin on side and front of neck, VPL}; MODALITY={general sensory}
*** <img src="http://studydroid.com/imageCards/05/er/card-5729362-front.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/bd829becdd01fa5aa65ee243123d2805.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
 
*** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
 
** '''great auricular nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/greaterauricular.htm GREATER AURICULAR NERVE]); ORIGIN={cervical PLEXUS, C2/C3}; DISTRIBUTION={skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, and both surfaces of auricle}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''great auricular nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/greaterauricular.htm GREATER AURICULAR NERVE]); ORIGIN={cervical PLEXUS, C2/C3}; DISTRIBUTION={skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, and both surfaces of auricle}; MODALITY={general sensory}
*** <img src="http://www.edoctoronline.com/media/19/photos_DA5CB8B5-9C1A-4DFA-B179-B31F65C94A2F.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/9e34dee87e0f124ba2cf0178f7d28692.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** '''great auricular nerve, anterior branch'''; ORIGIN={C2}; DISTRIBUTION={face; anterior branch is sensory to facial skin over the parotid gland}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
*** '''great auricular nerve, anterior branch'''; ORIGIN={C2}; DISTRIBUTION={face; anterior branch is sensory to facial skin over the parotid gland}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
**** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_FACE|Face,TARGET.TEA.FACE]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
 
**** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_FACE|Face,TARGET.TEA.FACE]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
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**** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
 
**** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
 
** '''jugular nerve, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne299.htm JUGULAR NERVE]); ORIGIN={a branch of the superior cervical GANGLION}; DISTRIBUTION={communicates with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves; jugular nerve, passes upward to the base of the skull, and divides to join the petrous ganglion of the glossopharyngeal, and the jugular ganglion of the vagus}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''jugular nerve, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne299.htm JUGULAR NERVE]); ORIGIN={a branch of the superior cervical GANGLION}; DISTRIBUTION={communicates with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves; jugular nerve, passes upward to the base of the skull, and divides to join the petrous ganglion of the glossopharyngeal, and the jugular ganglion of the vagus}; MODALITY={general sensory}
*** <img src="http://bedahunmuh.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/glossopharyngeal-nerve-schema.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/f6111ba892d86e53fcac8364ef0659ce.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LUNG|Lung,TARGET.TEA.LUNG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG|Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]]}
 
*** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LUNG|Lung,TARGET.TEA.LUNG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG|Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]]}
 
*** '''jugular nerve, branch to jugular (superior vagal) ganglion'''; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
*** '''jugular nerve, branch to jugular (superior vagal) ganglion'''; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
*** '''jugular nerve, branch to petrosal (inferior glossopharyngeal) ganglion'''; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
*** '''jugular nerve, branch to petrosal (inferior glossopharyngeal) ganglion'''; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''occipital nerve'''; MODALITY={general sensory, extensor motor}
 
** '''occipital nerve'''; MODALITY={general sensory, extensor motor}
*** <img src="http://o.quizlet.com/BOpC1X9RipzmNSxz6TvK-g.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/bd993e90268f12455bf69d531d5f91e4.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** '''occipital nerve, neck'''; MODALITY={general sensory, extensor motor}
 
*** '''occipital nerve, neck'''; MODALITY={general sensory, extensor motor}
 
**** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
 
**** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck,TARGET.TEA.NECK]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
Line 145: Line 145:
 
*** '''cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne4.htm MEDIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF FOREARM]); ORIGIN={medial cord of brachial PLEXUS (C8, T1)}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of front, medial, and posteromedial aspects of forearm}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
*** '''cutaneous nerve of forearm, medial''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne4.htm MEDIAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF FOREARM]); ORIGIN={medial cord of brachial PLEXUS (C8, T1)}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of front, medial, and posteromedial aspects of forearm}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''median nerve, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne2.htm MEDIAN NERVE]); ORIGIN={lateral and medial cords of brachial PLEXUS-C6-T1}; DISTRIBUTION={ultimately, skin on front of lateral part of hand, most of flexor muscles of front of forearm, most of short muscles of thumb and elbow joint, and many joints of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''median nerve, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne2.htm MEDIAN NERVE]); ORIGIN={lateral and medial cords of brachial PLEXUS-C6-T1}; DISTRIBUTION={ultimately, skin on front of lateral part of hand, most of flexor muscles of front of forearm, most of short muscles of thumb and elbow joint, and many joints of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
*** <img src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_mbrcpmS4XD1rn6pqko1_500.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/97ba5231ac3d1ef6f7834538a7cf7150.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** '''median nerve, digital cutaneous branches'''; DISTRIBUTION={lateral (radial) three and a half digits on the palmar side; index, middle and ring finger on dorsum of the hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
*** '''median nerve, digital cutaneous branches'''; DISTRIBUTION={lateral (radial) three and a half digits on the palmar side; index, middle and ring finger on dorsum of the hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
**** '''digital nerves of median nerve, common palmar'''; DISTRIBUTION={thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers, and first two lumbrical muscles}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
**** '''digital nerves of median nerve, common palmar'''; DISTRIBUTION={thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers, and first two lumbrical muscles}; MODALITY={general sensory}
Line 154: Line 154:
 
*** '''cutaneous nerve of forearm, lateral''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/latcutnforearm.htm LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF FOREARM]); ORIGIN={continuation of musculocutaneous nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin over radial side of forearm and sometimes an area of skin of dorsum of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
*** '''cutaneous nerve of forearm, lateral''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/latcutnforearm.htm LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF FOREARM]); ORIGIN={continuation of musculocutaneous nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin over radial side of forearm and sometimes an area of skin of dorsum of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''radial nerve, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne3.htm RADIAL NERVE]); ORIGIN={posterior cord of brachial PLEXUS (C6-C8, and sometimes C5 and T1)}; DISTRIBUTION={descending in the back of arm and forearm, it is ultimately distributed to skin on back of arm, forearm, and hand, extensor muscles on back of arm and forearm, and elbow joint and many joints of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''radial nerve, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne3.htm RADIAL NERVE]); ORIGIN={posterior cord of brachial PLEXUS (C6-C8, and sometimes C5 and T1)}; DISTRIBUTION={descending in the back of arm and forearm, it is ultimately distributed to skin on back of arm, forearm, and hand, extensor muscles on back of arm and forearm, and elbow joint and many joints of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
*** <img src="http://thepainsource.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/PIN1-300x252.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/9b076fead013d4299ab32b1674bf6033.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** '''radial nerve, sensory, cutaneous branches'''; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
*** '''radial nerve, sensory, cutaneous branches'''; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
**** '''cutaneous nerve of arm, inferior lateral''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne7.htm LOWER LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF ARM]); ORIGIN={radial nerve, arm}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of lateral surface of lower part of arm}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
**** '''cutaneous nerve of arm, inferior lateral''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne7.htm LOWER LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF ARM]); ORIGIN={radial nerve, arm}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of lateral surface of lower part of arm}; MODALITY={general sensory}
Line 162: Line 162:
 
***** '''digital nerves of radial nerve, dorsal''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne206.htm DORSAL DIGITAL BRANCHES OF SUPERFICIAL RADIAL NERVE]); ORIGIN={superficial branch of radial nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin and joints of back of thumb, index finger, and part of middle finger, as far distally as the distal phalanx}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
***** '''digital nerves of radial nerve, dorsal''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne206.htm DORSAL DIGITAL BRANCHES OF SUPERFICIAL RADIAL NERVE]); ORIGIN={superficial branch of radial nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin and joints of back of thumb, index finger, and part of middle finger, as far distally as the distal phalanx}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''ulnar nerve, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne1.htm ULNAR NERVE]; cubital nerve); ORIGIN={medial and lateral cords of brachial PLEXUS (C7-T1)}; DISTRIBUTION={ultimately to skin on front and back of medial part of hand, some flexor muscles on front of forearm, many short muscles of hand, elbow joint, many joints of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
** '''ulnar nerve, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne1.htm ULNAR NERVE]; cubital nerve); ORIGIN={medial and lateral cords of brachial PLEXUS (C7-T1)}; DISTRIBUTION={ultimately to skin on front and back of medial part of hand, some flexor muscles on front of forearm, many short muscles of hand, elbow joint, many joints of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
*** <img src="http://joelvanderlugt.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/netter464_ulnar_nerve.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/806f0fc0d28fbc6e1e90213f13450b35.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** '''ulnar nerve, dorsal branch''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne19.htm DORSAL BRANCH OF ULNAR NERVE]); DISTRIBUTION={supplies cutaneous innervation to posterior skin (except nails)}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
*** '''ulnar nerve, dorsal branch''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne19.htm DORSAL BRANCH OF ULNAR NERVE]); DISTRIBUTION={supplies cutaneous innervation to posterior skin (except nails)}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
**** '''digital nerves of ulnar nerve, dorsal'''; ORIGIN={dorsal branch of ulnar nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin and joints of medial side of little finger, dorsal aspects of adjacent sides of little and ring fingers and of ring and middle fingers}; MODALITY={general sensory}
 
**** '''digital nerves of ulnar nerve, dorsal'''; ORIGIN={dorsal branch of ulnar nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin and joints of medial side of little finger, dorsal aspects of adjacent sides of little and ring fingers and of ring and middle fingers}; MODALITY={general sensory}
Line 173: Line 173:
 
** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]]}
 
** fiber: GSA, types={A-beta-sensory}, endings={SMECH}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]]}
 
** '''axillary nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne8.htm AXILLARY NERVE]); ORIGIN={posterior cord of brachial PLEXUS (C5-C6)}; DISTRIBUTION={deltoid and teres minor muscles, skin on back of arm}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor, extensor motor}
 
** '''axillary nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/Ne8.htm AXILLARY NERVE]); ORIGIN={posterior cord of brachial PLEXUS (C5-C6)}; DISTRIBUTION={deltoid and teres minor muscles, skin on back of arm}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor, extensor motor}
*** <img src="http://www.physio-pedia.com/images/f/ff/Axillary_nn_Fig_2.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/86fe7602b92c0dfad0939a6797a462ed.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** '''axillary nerve, anterior branch'''; DISTRIBUTION={anterior border of deltoid to provide motor innervation, few small cutaneous branches}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_muscle Hand - deltoid muscle, anterior] - shoulder flexion}
 
*** '''axillary nerve, anterior branch'''; DISTRIBUTION={anterior border of deltoid to provide motor innervation, few small cutaneous branches}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deltoid_muscle Hand - deltoid muscle, anterior] - shoulder flexion}
 
**** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM|Posteromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]]}
 
**** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM|Posteromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]]}
Line 182: Line 182:
 
** '''scapular nerves'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}
 
** '''scapular nerves'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}
 
*** '''suprascapular nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/suprascapular.htm SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE]); ORIGIN={brachial PLEXUS (C5-C6)}; DISTRIBUTION={descends through suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches and supplies acromioclavicular and shoulder joints, and supraspinous and infraspinous muscles}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraspinatus_muscle Hand - infraspinatus muscle] - Lateral rotation of arm and Adduction of arm and stabilizes humerus; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraspinatus_muscle Hand - supraspinatus muscle] - abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus}
 
*** '''suprascapular nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/suprascapular.htm SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE]); ORIGIN={brachial PLEXUS (C5-C6)}; DISTRIBUTION={descends through suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches and supplies acromioclavicular and shoulder joints, and supraspinous and infraspinous muscles}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraspinatus_muscle Hand - infraspinatus muscle] - Lateral rotation of arm and Adduction of arm and stabilizes humerus; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraspinatus_muscle Hand - supraspinatus muscle] - abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus}
**** <img src="http://www.shoulderdoc.co.uk/images/uploaded/suprascapular_and_axillary_nerves_02.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/58f9972fdf66fc86f488e73105d1de76.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
**** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM|Posteromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]]}
 
**** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM|Posteromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]]}
 
** '''subclavian nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/subclavius.htm NERVE TO SUBCLAVIUS]); ORIGIN={upper trunk of brachial PLEXUS (C5)}; DISTRIBUTION={subclavius muscle and sternoclavicular joint}; MODALITY={extensor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclavius_muscle Hand - subclavius muscle] - depression of clavicle}
 
** '''subclavian nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/subclavius.htm NERVE TO SUBCLAVIUS]); ORIGIN={upper trunk of brachial PLEXUS (C5)}; DISTRIBUTION={subclavius muscle and sternoclavicular joint}; MODALITY={extensor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclavius_muscle Hand - subclavius muscle] - depression of clavicle}
*** <img src="http://pds.exblog.jp/pds/1/200511/03/86/a0057586_9493576.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/bebfddaa9ea912855dd2a57bbc220c09.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]]}
 
* '''shoulder nerves, pure motor'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}
 
* '''shoulder nerves, pure motor'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}
 
** '''long thoracic nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/longthoracic.htm LONG THORACIC NERVE]; nerve of Bell); ORIGIN={brachial PLEXUS (ventral branches of C5-C7)}; DISTRIBUTION={descends behind brachial plexus to serratus anterior muscle}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratus_anterior_muscle Hand - serratus anterior muscle] - Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall}
 
** '''long thoracic nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/longthoracic.htm LONG THORACIC NERVE]; nerve of Bell); ORIGIN={brachial PLEXUS (ventral branches of C5-C7)}; DISTRIBUTION={descends behind brachial plexus to serratus anterior muscle}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratus_anterior_muscle Hand - serratus anterior muscle] - Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall}
*** <img src="http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomy/imagedb/nerv_sys/ul_innervation/images/013_LongThoracic083.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/4b544e6eb422ca16543aed2d895b926f.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM|Posteromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM|Posteromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PM]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand,TARGET.TEA.HAND]]}
 
** '''pectoral nerve'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}
 
** '''pectoral nerve'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}
Line 223: Line 223:
 
* '''heart cervical nerves, sensory'''; MODALITY={autonomic sensory}
 
* '''heart cervical nerves, sensory'''; MODALITY={autonomic sensory}
 
** '''cervical cardiac nerve, sensory'''; MODALITY={autonomic sensory}
 
** '''cervical cardiac nerve, sensory'''; MODALITY={autonomic sensory}
*** <img src="http://web.uni-plovdiv.bg/stu1104541018/docs/res/skandalakis%27%20surgical%20anatomy%20-%202004/Chapter%2007_%20Pericardium,%20Heart,%20and%20Great%20Vessels_fichiers/loadBinaryCA8UT42Z.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/fa29db66186583c623287ae9b8c77d36.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GVA, types={A-delta-sensory}, endings={SAD}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HEART|Heart,TARGET.TEA.HEART]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
 
*** fiber: GVA, types={A-delta-sensory}, endings={SAD}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HEART|Heart,TARGET.TEA.HEART]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]]}
 
*** '''cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne286.htm CARDIAC BRANCH OF CERVICOTHORACIC GANGLION]); ORIGIN={sensory fibers whose cell bodies are placed in the C7-8,T1 spinal ganglia through the thoracic splanchnic nerves}; DISTRIBUTION={heart via cardiac PLEXUS}; MODALITY={autonomic sensory}
 
*** '''cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sensory''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne286.htm CARDIAC BRANCH OF CERVICOTHORACIC GANGLION]); ORIGIN={sensory fibers whose cell bodies are placed in the C7-8,T1 spinal ganglia through the thoracic splanchnic nerves}; DISTRIBUTION={heart via cardiac PLEXUS}; MODALITY={autonomic sensory}
Line 229: Line 229:
 
* '''lung cervical nerves, mixed'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}
 
* '''lung cervical nerves, mixed'''; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}
 
** '''phrenic nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/leftphrenicnerve.htm LEFT PHRENIC NERVE], [http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/rightphrenicnerve.htm RIGHT PHRENIC NERVE]); ORIGIN={cervical PLEXUS (C3-C5)}; DISTRIBUTION={sensory to pleura, pericardium, motor to diaphragm, peritoneum, and sympathetic plexuses; sensory - central tendon of the diaphragm}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semispinalis_dorsi Lung - thoracic diaphragm] - increases thoracic cavity volume; inhalation}
 
** '''phrenic nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/leftphrenicnerve.htm LEFT PHRENIC NERVE], [http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/rightphrenicnerve.htm RIGHT PHRENIC NERVE]); ORIGIN={cervical PLEXUS (C3-C5)}; DISTRIBUTION={sensory to pleura, pericardium, motor to diaphragm, peritoneum, and sympathetic plexuses; sensory - central tendon of the diaphragm}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semispinalis_dorsi Lung - thoracic diaphragm] - increases thoracic cavity volume; inhalation}
*** <img src="http://www.medicalartlibrary.com/respiratory/images/diaphragm-phrenic-nerve.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/c399f8b40a07fd3f323c449565d76ad7.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PHR|Phrenic Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PHR]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LUNG|Lung,TARGET.TEA.LUNG]]}
 
*** fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PHR|Phrenic Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PHR]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LUNG|Lung,TARGET.TEA.LUNG]]}
 
*** fiber: GSA, types={A-delta-sensory}, endings={SAD}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LUNG|Lung,TARGET.TEA.LUNG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]]}
 
*** fiber: GSA, types={A-delta-sensory}, endings={SAD}, chain={[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LUNG|Lung,TARGET.TEA.LUNG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]]}
Line 255: Line 255:
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_MCG|Middle Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.MCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_MCG|Middle Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.MCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
** '''middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne325.htm THYROID BRANCHES OF MIDDLE CERVICAL GANGLION]); MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid Endocrine - parathyroid gland] - release parathyroid hormones into blood; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid Endocrine - thyroid gland] - release thyroid hormones into blood}
 
** '''middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne325.htm THYROID BRANCHES OF MIDDLE CERVICAL GANGLION]); MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid Endocrine - parathyroid gland] - release parathyroid hormones into blood; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid Endocrine - thyroid gland] - release thyroid hormones into blood}
*** <img src="http://images2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20100110092761/corposcindosis/images/6/6c/Thyroid.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/d0265063dd2e14df0614f3c61c6c639d.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_MCG|Middle Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.MCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]]}
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_MCG|Middle Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.MCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]]}
 
* '''stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne316.htm CERVICOTHORACIC GANGLION]; inferior cervical ganglion, cervicothoracic ganglion); MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
 
* '''stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne316.htm CERVICOTHORACIC GANGLION]; inferior cervical ganglion, cervicothoracic ganglion); MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
Line 261: Line 261:
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_STG|Stellate Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.STG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HEART|Heart,TARGET.TEA.HEART]]}
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_STG|Stellate Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.STG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HEART|Heart,TARGET.TEA.HEART]]}
 
** '''stellate ganglion, arterial branches'''; DISTRIBUTION={supply the subclavian and vertebral arteries}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
 
** '''stellate ganglion, arterial branches'''; DISTRIBUTION={supply the subclavian and vertebral arteries}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
*** <img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Blood_vessels.svg/720px-Blood_vessels.svg.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/ef9c4804ee77a8e29b33b7e60b49f52f.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_STG|Stellate Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.STG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_STG|Stellate Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.STG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
** '''stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami''' (lateral branches); ORIGIN={spinal cord}; DISTRIBUTION={C7-C8 spinal nerve targets, upper hand blood vessels}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/cardiovascular/arm-hand Vessels - arm blood vessels] - ensures adequate flow of oxygenated blood to arms}
 
** '''stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami''' (lateral branches); ORIGIN={spinal cord}; DISTRIBUTION={C7-C8 spinal nerve targets, upper hand blood vessels}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/cardiovascular/arm-hand Vessels - arm blood vessels] - ensures adequate flow of oxygenated blood to arms}
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_STG|Stellate Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.STG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_STG|Stellate Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.STG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
* '''superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne318.htm SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION]); MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
 
* '''superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne318.htm SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION]); MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
** <img src="http://bedahunmuh.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/pterygopalatine-and-submandibular-ganglia-schema1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/95bd4edba78ed0c1e6b68f0120417cc8.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
** '''carotid nerves'''; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
 
** '''carotid nerves'''; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
 
*** '''external carotid nerve'''; DISTRIBUTION={ramify upon the common carotid artery and upon the external carotid artery and its branches; w/o connection in submaxillary ganglion, otic ganglion, external petrosal nerve, to the genicular ganglion of the facial nerve}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parotid_gland Vessels - parotid gland vasoconstrictors] - reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid in salivary secretions, producing an enzyme rich mucous saliva; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublingual_gland Vessels - sublingual gland vasoconstrictors] - reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid in salivary secretions, producing an enzyme rich mucous saliva; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submandibular_gland Vessels - submandibular gland vasoconstrictors] - reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid in salivary secretions, producing an enzyme rich mucous saliva}
 
*** '''external carotid nerve'''; DISTRIBUTION={ramify upon the common carotid artery and upon the external carotid artery and its branches; w/o connection in submaxillary ganglion, otic ganglion, external petrosal nerve, to the genicular ganglion of the facial nerve}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parotid_gland Vessels - parotid gland vasoconstrictors] - reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid in salivary secretions, producing an enzyme rich mucous saliva; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublingual_gland Vessels - sublingual gland vasoconstrictors] - reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid in salivary secretions, producing an enzyme rich mucous saliva; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submandibular_gland Vessels - submandibular gland vasoconstrictors] - reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid in salivary secretions, producing an enzyme rich mucous saliva}
Line 274: Line 274:
 
***** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
***** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
**** '''ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers'''; ORIGIN={nasociliary nerve, from ophthalmic nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={long and short ciliary nerves, dilator muscle of pupil, uvea, cornea}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_muscle Eye - ciliary muscle - sympathetic] - accommodation excitation; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_dilator_muscle Eye - iris dilator muscle] - pupil dilation; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbicularis_oculi_muscle Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle] - closes the eyelids; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitalis_muscle Eye - orbitalis muscle] - protrusion of eyeball}
 
**** '''ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers'''; ORIGIN={nasociliary nerve, from ophthalmic nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={long and short ciliary nerves, dilator muscle of pupil, uvea, cornea}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_muscle Eye - ciliary muscle - sympathetic] - accommodation excitation; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_dilator_muscle Eye - iris dilator muscle] - pupil dilation; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbicularis_oculi_muscle Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle] - closes the eyelids; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbitalis_muscle Eye - orbitalis muscle] - protrusion of eyeball}
***** <img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp361_thumb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6520d45a95da7b2628d7c19859acc8cc.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
 
***** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]]}
 
***** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]]}
 
**** '''internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle'''; DISTRIBUTION={superior tarsal muscle; inferior tarsal muscle}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsus_%28eyelids%29 Eye - inferior tarsal muscle] - lower lid retraction; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_tarsal_muscle Eye - superior tarsal muscle] - raise the upper eyelid}
 
**** '''internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle'''; DISTRIBUTION={superior tarsal muscle; inferior tarsal muscle}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsus_%28eyelids%29 Eye - inferior tarsal muscle] - lower lid retraction; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_tarsal_muscle Eye - superior tarsal muscle] - raise the upper eyelid}
***** <img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Gray894.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7e9a773615ee8cc27de89d5823888fe9.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
***** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]]}
 
***** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]]}
 
**** '''petrosal nerve, deep''' (MA[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne233.htm EXTERNAL PETROSAL NERVE], MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne173.htm DEEP PETROSAL NERVE]; vidian nerve, deep); ORIGIN={internal carotid PLEXUS from T1 spinal nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={from superior cervical sympathetic ganglion as internal carotid nerve, joins greater petrosal nerve to form nerve of pterygoid canal, and supplies lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands via pterygopalatine ganglion and its branches}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
 
**** '''petrosal nerve, deep''' (MA[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne233.htm EXTERNAL PETROSAL NERVE], MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne173.htm DEEP PETROSAL NERVE]; vidian nerve, deep); ORIGIN={internal carotid PLEXUS from T1 spinal nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={from superior cervical sympathetic ganglion as internal carotid nerve, joins greater petrosal nerve to form nerve of pterygoid canal, and supplies lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands via pterygopalatine ganglion and its branches}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}
Line 287: Line 287:
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels,TARGET.TEA.VESSELS]]}
 
** '''superior cervical cardiac nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne302.htm LEFT CARDIAC BRANCH OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION], [http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne313.htm RIGHT CARDIAC BRANCH OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION]); MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart Heart - upper cardiac muscle] - increase contractility}
 
** '''superior cervical cardiac nerve''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne302.htm LEFT CARDIAC BRANCH OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION], [http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne313.htm RIGHT CARDIAC BRANCH OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION]); MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart Heart - upper cardiac muscle] - increase contractility}
*** <img src="http://cnx.org/content/m46672/latest/2032_Automatic_Innervation.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/429cda8be25ee360e852d3aa7d91e592.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HEART|Heart,TARGET.TEA.HEART]]}
 
*** fiber: GVE, types={B-motor}, endings={MPA-SPAV}, chain={[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] -> [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HEART|Heart,TARGET.TEA.HEART]]}
 
** '''superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne300.htm LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL BRANCHES OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION]); DISTRIBUTION={carotid body efferent inhibition; pass to the side of the pharynx, where they join with branches from the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and external laryngeal nerves to form the pharyngeal plexus}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart Heart - upper cardiac muscle] - increase contractility}
 
** '''superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches''' (MA:[http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves/ne300.htm LARYNGOPHARYNGEAL BRANCHES OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION]); DISTRIBUTION={carotid body efferent inhibition; pass to the side of the pharynx, where they join with branches from the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and external laryngeal nerves to form the pharyngeal plexus}; MODALITY={sympathetic motor}; MUSCLES={[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart Heart - upper cardiac muscle] - increase contractility}

Revision as of 12:53, 15 June 2016

Human Spinal Cervical Nerves

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> HumanNerves -> HumanNervesSpinalCervical


This page is intended to list cervical spinal cord nerves of biological human, which connect mind to human limbs and visceral organs.

Coverage verified by:

HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES

(generated)

motor nuclei/ganglia:

  • Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN; NERVES={nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles; nerve to geniohyoid; nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles; nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles}
  • Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM; NERVES={ansa cervicalis; nerve to splenius capitis muscle; nerve to splenius cervilis muscle; thyroid nerve; occipital nerve, greater; suboccipital nerve}

sensory nuclei/ganglia:

  • Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG; NERVES={jugular nerve, sensory}
  • Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG; NERVES={cervical nerve, transverse; great auricular nerve, anterior branch; great auricular nerve, posterior branch; occipital nerve, neck; occipital nerve, third; suboccipital nerve; supraclavicular nerves, intermediate; supraclavicular nerves, lateral; supraclavicular nerves, medial}

nerves:

  • head and neck cervical nerves, motor; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}
    • ansa cervicalis (MA:ANSA CERVICALIS); ORIGIN={from branches of C2/C3 nerves and from hypoglossal nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={branches to all infrahyoid muscles except the thyrohyoid}; MODALITY={extensor motor}

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

      • great auricular nerve, anterior branch; ORIGIN={C2}; DISTRIBUTION={face; anterior branch is sensory to facial skin over the parotid gland}; MODALITY={general sensory}
      • great auricular nerve, posterior branch; ORIGIN={C3}; DISTRIBUTION={ear; posterior branch supplies the skin over the mastoid process, back of the auricle, lobule and a portion of the scalp}; MODALITY={general sensory}
    • jugular nerve, sensory (MA:JUGULAR NERVE); ORIGIN={a branch of the superior cervical GANGLION}; DISTRIBUTION={communicates with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves; jugular nerve, passes upward to the base of the skull, and divides to join the petrous ganglion of the glossopharyngeal, and the jugular ganglion of the vagus}; MODALITY={general sensory}

unavailable

unavailable

ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES

(generated)

motor nuclei/ganglia:

sensory nuclei/ganglia:

nerves:

unavailable

      • median nerve, digital cutaneous branches; DISTRIBUTION={lateral (radial) three and a half digits on the palmar side; index, middle and ring finger on dorsum of the hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}
        • digital nerves of median nerve, common palmar; DISTRIBUTION={thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers, and first two lumbrical muscles}; MODALITY={general sensory}
        • digital nerves of median nerve, proper palmar; DISTRIBUTION={first two lumbrical muscles, skin and joints of both sides and palmar aspect of thumb, index, and middle fingers, radial side of ring finger, and back of distal aspect of these digits}; MODALITY={general sensory}
      • median nerve, palmar cutaneous branch (MA:PALMAR CUTANEOUS BRANCH OF MEDIAN NERVE); DISTRIBUTION={lateral aspect of skin of palm (but not digits)}; MODALITY={general sensory}
    • musculocutaneous nerve, sensory (MA:MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE); ORIGIN={lateral cord of brachial PLEXUS-C5-C7}; DISTRIBUTION={coracobrachial and biceps brachial muscles, the elbow joint, and skin of radial side of forearm}; MODALITY={general sensory}
    • radial nerve, sensory (MA:RADIAL NERVE); ORIGIN={posterior cord of brachial PLEXUS (C6-C8, and sometimes C5 and T1)}; DISTRIBUTION={descending in the back of arm and forearm, it is ultimately distributed to skin on back of arm, forearm, and hand, extensor muscles on back of arm and forearm, and elbow joint and many joints of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}

unavailable

      • radial nerve, sensory, cutaneous branches; MODALITY={general sensory}
        • cutaneous nerve of arm, inferior lateral (MA:LOWER LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF ARM); ORIGIN={radial nerve, arm}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of lateral surface of lower part of arm}; MODALITY={general sensory}
        • cutaneous nerve of forearm, posterior (MA:POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVE OF FOREARM); ORIGIN={radial nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of dorsal aspect of forearm}; MODALITY={general sensory}
        • radial nerve, posterior cutaneous nerve of arm (MA:POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVE OF ARM); ORIGIN={axilla}; DISTRIBUTION={skin on back of arm}; MODALITY={general sensory}
        • radial nerve, superficial branch (MA:SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF RADIAL NERVE); DISTRIBUTION={radial side of thumb (by a digital nerve), skin of radial side and ball of thumb}; MODALITY={general sensory}
          • digital nerves of radial nerve, dorsal (MA:DORSAL DIGITAL BRANCHES OF SUPERFICIAL RADIAL NERVE); ORIGIN={superficial branch of radial nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin and joints of back of thumb, index finger, and part of middle finger, as far distally as the distal phalanx}; MODALITY={general sensory}
    • ulnar nerve, sensory (MA:ULNAR NERVE; cubital nerve); ORIGIN={medial and lateral cords of brachial PLEXUS (C7-T1)}; DISTRIBUTION={ultimately to skin on front and back of medial part of hand, some flexor muscles on front of forearm, many short muscles of hand, elbow joint, many joints of hand}; MODALITY={general sensory}

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

  • shoulder nerves, pure motor; MODALITY={flexor motor, extensor motor}
    • long thoracic nerve (MA:LONG THORACIC NERVE; nerve of Bell); ORIGIN={brachial PLEXUS (ventral branches of C5-C7)}; DISTRIBUTION={descends behind brachial plexus to serratus anterior muscle}; MODALITY={flexor motor}; MUSCLES={Hand - serratus anterior muscle - Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity. It also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall}

unavailable

HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES

(generated)

motor nuclei/ganglia:

sensory nuclei/ganglia:

nerves:

  • heart cervical nerves, sensory; MODALITY={autonomic sensory}
    • cervical cardiac nerve, sensory; MODALITY={autonomic sensory}

unavailable

unavailable

CERVICAL NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS

(generated)

motor nuclei/ganglia:

  • Middle Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.MCG; NERVES={cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic; middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches}
  • Stellate Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.STG; NERVES={ansa subclavia; cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic; stellate ganglion, arterial branches; stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami}
  • Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG; NERVES={external carotid nerve; caroticotympanic nerves; ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers; internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle; palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers; jugular nerve, sympathetic; superior cervical cardiac nerve; superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches; superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami}

sensory nuclei/ganglia:

nerves:

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable

unavailable