OverallMindMaps

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Mind Maps

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Classical Divisions

Classical biological divisions are:

  • anatomically is divided into

' central nervous system' (CNS) '* brain '* spinal cord ' peripheral nervous system' (PNS) - convey neural messages from sense organs and sensory receptors to CNS and from CNS to muscles and glands '* cranial nerves' - nerves emerging from brain '* spinal nerves' - nerves emerging from spinal cord

  • functionally is divided into

' somatic nervous system' '* conveying and processing conscious and unconscious sensory' (afferent) information, vision, pain, touch, unconscious muscle sense from head, body wall, and extremities to CNS '* motor (efferent) control of voluntary' (striated) muscles ' autonomic (visceral) nervous system' '* conveying and processing sensory input from visceral' organs '* motor control of involuntary' (smooth) and cardiac musculature, and of glands of viscera

organization%20of%20nervous%20system.jpg

Brain Development and Embryo Vesicles

See full process at:

In the embryon CNS/brain is represented by 5 vesicles:

  • forebrain = prosencephalon

' telencephalon' ' diencephalon'

  • midbrain = mesencephalon
  • hindbrain = rhombencephalon

' metencephalon' ' myelencephalon'

After further development vesicles are transformed to below brain structures:

  • cerebrum

' telencephalon (FT=Forebrain Telencephalon)' -> cerebral hemispheres '* cerebral cortex (gray matter) ''''''' anterior cortex '''''''* frontal lobe ''''''' posterior cortex '''''''* parietal lobe '''''''* occipital lobe '''''''* temporal lobe '''''''* central lobe (insula), ''''''' limbic lobe '* underlying white matter '* basal ganglia ''''''' corpus striatum (gray matter) '''''''* caudate nucleus '''''''* lenticular nucleus ''''''''''''' putamen ''''''''''''' globus pallidus (pallidum) '* corpus callosum (required for left/right cooperation/coordination, not a source of intelligence) '* anterior commissure (required for left/right cooperation/coordination, not a source of intelligence) '* hippocampal formation '* amygdala ' diencephalon (FD=Forebrain Diencephalon)' -> diencephalon '* epithalamus ''''''' pineal gland (modified photoreceptor cells, day/night cycle, respond to circadian differences in sympathetic nervous system activity, critical trigger for hibernation and sexual maturation) ''''''' habenular nuclei (pathway by which limbic structures may influence brain stem/reticular formation function) '* thalamus (dorsal thalamus) '* hypothalamus ''''''' mamillary bodies ''''''' hypophysis (pituitary gland) '* ventral thalamus (subthalamus)

  • brainstem

' mesencephalon (MM=Midbrain Mesencephalon)' -> midbrain ' metencephalon (HP=Hindbrain Pons, including cerebellum)' -> pons ' myelencephalon (HM=Hindbrain Medulla)' -> medulla

  • cerebellum

' metencephalon (HP=Hindbrain Pons, including cerebellum)' -> cerebellum

Adult Sources of Neurons:

  • Subgranular Zone
  • Subventricular Zone = NL:[[1]]

Target

(generated)

' Eye (TARGET.TSA.EYE, unknown)' '* Eye sensory data (eye-sensory)' ''''''' Eye - rods and cones (eye-edge-output)' ''''''' Eye - somatic receptors (eye-somatic)' ''''''' Eye - visceral receptors (eye-visceral)' '* Eye rotation motor muscles (eye-rotation-motor)' ''''''' Eye - inferior oblique muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-inferior-oblique)' ''''''' Eye - inferior rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-inferior-rectus)' ''''''' Eye - medial rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-medial-rectus)' ''''''' Eye - superior rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-superior-rectus)' ''''''' Eye - levator palpebrae superioris muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-levator-palpebrae)' ''''''' Eye - superior oblique muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-minor)' ''''''' Eye - lateral rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-vestibular)' '* Eye pupil and accomodation motor muscles (eye-pupil-motor)' ''''''' Eye - ciliary muscle - sympathetic (eye-muscle-curvature-sympathetic)' ''''''' Eye - ciliary muscle - parasympathetic (eye-muscle-curvature-parasympathetic)' ''''''' Eye - iris sphincter muscle (eye-muscle-pupil-close)' ''''''' Eye - iris dilator muscle (eye-muscle-pupil-open)' '* Eyelid motor muscles (eyelid-motor)' ''''''' Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:temporal (eye-muscle-close-conscious-orbital)' ''''''' Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:zygomatic (eye-muscle-close-conscious-lacrimal)' ''''''' Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:palpebrale (eye-muscle-close-involuntary-palpebrale)' ''''''' Eye - superior tarsal muscle (eye-muscle-superior-tarsal)' ''''''' Eye - inferior tarsal muscle (eye-muscle-inferior-tarsal)' ''''''' Eye - orbitalis muscle (eye-orbitalis-muscle)' '* Eye glands (eye-glands)' ''''''' Eye - lacrimal gland (eye-tears-gland)' ''''''' Eye - lacrimal gland and conjunctiva receptors (eye-lacrimal-gland-conjunctiva-receptors)' ' Ear (TARGET.TSA.EAR, unknown)' '* Ear sound sensory data (ear-sensory-sound-data)' ''''''' Ear - inner hair cells (ear-inner-hair-cells)' ''''''' Ear - outer hair cells feedback (ear-outer-hair-cells-feedback)' ''''''' Ear - somatic receptors (ear-somatic)' ''''''' Ear - outer ear skin (ear-external-skin)' ''''''' Ear - acoustic meatus skin (ear-acoustic-meatus-skin)' ''''''' Ear - visceral receptors (ear-visceral)' ''''''' Ear - timpanic cavity (ear-timpanic-cavity)' '* Ear vestibular sensory data (ear-sensory-vestibular-data)' ''''''' Ear - semicircular canals, cristae (ear-semicircular-canals)' ''''''' Ear - utricle, maculae (ear-utricle)' ''''''' Ear - saccule, maculae (ear-saccule)' '* Ear sound sensory control (ear-sensory-control)' ''''''' Ear - outer hair cells (ear-outer-hair-cells)' ''''''' Ear - stapedius muscle (ear-stapedius)' ''''''' Ear - tympanic membrane muscle (ear-tensor-tympani-muscle)' '* Ear move muscles (ear-move)' ''''''' Ear - anterior auricular muscle (ear-anterior-auricular-muscle)' ''''''' Ear - posterior auricular muscle (ear-posterior-auricular-muscle)' ''''''' Ear - superior auricular muscle (ear-superior-auricular-muscle)' ''''''' Ear - oblique muscle of auricle (ear-oblique-auricular-muscle)' ''''''' Ear - temporoparietalis muscle (ear-temporoparietalis-muscle)' ' Nose (TARGET.TSA.NOSE, unknown)' '* Nose sensory data (nose-sensory-data)' ''''''' Nose - volatile (nose-volatile)' ''''''' Nose - nonvolatile (nose-nonvolatile)' ''''''' Nose - proprioceptors (nose-proprioceptors)' ''''''' Nose - touch receptors (nose-somatic)' ''''''' Nose - visceral nodose receptors (nose-visceral-vagus)' ''''''' Nose - visceral pharynx receptors (nose-visceral-pharynx)' '* Ear sensory control (nose-sensory-control)' ''''''' Nose - nasal glands (nose-nasal-glands)' '* Nose move muscles (nose-muscles)' ''''''' Nose - depressor septi nasi muscle (nose-depressor-septi-nasi)' ''''''' Nose - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle (nose-levator-labii-superioris-alaeque-nasi)' ''''''' Nose - nasalis muscle (nose-nasalis)' ''''''' Nose - salpingopharyngeus muscle (nose-salpingopharyngeus)'

' Heart (TARGET.TEA.HEART, unknown)' '* Heart - NE receptors of atrium muscles (heart-symp-control)' '* Heart - upper cardiac muscle (heart-cardiac-upper-muscle)' '* Heart - lower cardiac muscle, middle (heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-middle)' '* Heart - lower cardiac muscle, stellar (heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-stellar)' '* Heart - ACh receptors of atrium muscles (heart-psymp-control)' '* Heart - baroreceptors in aorta (heart-aorta-baroreceptors)' '* Heart - baroreceptors in carotid artery (heart-carotid-baroreceptors)' '* Heart - visceral receptors (heart-visceral)' ' Immunity glands and meninges (TARGET.TEA.PROTECTOR, unknown)' '* Protector sensory data (protector-sensory-data)' ''''''' Protector - cranial meninges (cranial-meninges)' ''''''' Protector - tentorium cerebelli dura mater visceral receptors (tentorium-cerebelli-dura-matter)' '* Protector tonsils (protector-tonsils)' ''''''' Protector - palatine tonsil (palatine-tonsil)' ''''''' Protector - lingual tonsil (lingual-tonsil)' ''''''' Protector - pharyngeal tonsils (pharyngeal-tonsils)' '* Protector mucous glands (protector-mucous-glands)' ''''''' Protector - hard palate mucous gland (hard-palate-mucosal-gland)' ''''''' Protector - soft palate mucous gland (soft-palate-mucosal-gland)' ' Mouth feeder (TARGET.TEA.FEEDER, unknown)' '* Feeder salivatory glands (feeder-salivation)' ''''''' Feeder - parotid gland (parotid-gland)' ''''''' Feeder - submandibular gland (submandibular-gland)' ''''''' Feeder - sublingual gland (sublingual-gland)' '* Feeder taste sensation (mouth-taste-sensation)' ''''''' Feeder - tongue gustatory hair cell (tongue-hair-cell)' ''''''' Feeder - epiglottis (epiglottis-taste-buds)' ''''''' Feeder - soft palate sparse taste receptors (soft-palate-sparse-taste-receptors)' '* Feeder tongue muscles (tongue-muscles)' ''''''' Feeder - genioglossus muscle (genioglossus-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - hyoglossus muscle (hyoglossus-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - styloglossus muscle (styloglossus-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - chondroglossus muscle (chondroglossus-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - palatoglossus muscle (palatoglossus-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - transverse muscle of tongue (transverse-tongue-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - vertical muscle of tongue (vertical-tongue-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue (tongue-inferior-longitudinal-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - stylohyoid muscle (stylohyoid-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - superior longitudinal muscle of tongue (superior-longitudinal-muscle-tongue)' '* Feeder swallowing muscles and helper components (swallowing-muscles)' ''''''' Feeder - digastric muscle, facial (digastric-muscle-facial)' ''''''' Feeder - digastric muscle, trigeminal (digastric-muscle-trigeminal)' ''''''' Feeder - geniohyoid muscle (geniohyoid-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - mylohyoid muscle (mylohyoid-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (inferior-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle (middle-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (superior-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - uvula receptors (uvula-receptors)' ''''''' Feeder - musculus uvulae muscle (uvulae-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - levator veli palatini muscle (levator-veli-palatini-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - tensor veli palatini muscle (tensor-veli-palatini-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - buccinator muscle (buccinator-muscle)' '* Feeder chewing muscles (chewing-muscles)' ''''''' Feeder - teeth (teeth)' ''''''' Feeder - masseter muscle (masticatory-masseter-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - lateral pterygoid muscle (masticatory-lateral-pterygoid-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - medial pterygoid muscle (masticatory-medial-pterygoid-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - temporal muscle (masticatory-temporal-muscle)' ''''''' Feeder - proprioception receptors of masticatory muscles (masticatory-unconscious-muscle-spindles)' ' Mouth speaker (TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER, unknown)' '* Speaker sensory data (speaker-sensory-data)' ''''''' Speaker - palatine tonsil receptors (palatine-tonsil-receptors)' '* Speaker phonatory muscles (speaker-phonatory-muscles)' ''''''' Speaker - lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (lateral-cricoarytenoid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - arytenoid muscle (arytenoid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - cricothyroid muscle (cricothyroid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - thyroarytenoid muscle (thyroarytenoid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - oblique arytenoid muscle (oblique-arytenoid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (posterior-cricoarytenoid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - thyroepiglottic muscle (thyroepiglottic-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - aryepiglottic muscle (aryepiglottic-muscle)' '* Speaker respiratory larynx muscles (speaker-respiratory-muscles)' ''''''' Speaker - thyrohyoid muscle (larynx-thyrohyoid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - omohyoid muscle (omohyoid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - palatopharyngeus muscle (palatopharyngeus-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - sternohyoid muscle (sternohyoid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - sternothyroid muscle (sternothyroid-muscle)' ''''''' Speaker - levator muscle of thyroid gland (thyroid-gland-levator-muscle)' ' Face (TARGET.TEA.FACE, unknown)' '* Face sensory data (face-sensory-data)' ''''''' Face - face skin (face-skin)' ''''''' Face - parotid skin (face-parotid-skin)' '* Face scalp muscles (face-scalp-muscles)' ''''''' Face - corrugator supercilii muscle (face-corrugator-supercilii-muscle)' ''''''' Face - depressor supercilii muscle (face-depressor-supercilii-muscle)' ''''''' Face - frontalis muscle (face-frontalis-muscle)' ''''''' Face - occipitalis muscle (face-occipitalis-muscle)' '* Face upper lip muscles (face-upper-lip-muscles)' ''''''' Face - levator labii superioris muscle (face-levator-labii-superioris-muscle)' ''''''' Face - procerus muscle (face-procerus)' ''''''' Face - zygomaticus minor muscle (zygomaticus-minor-muscle)' '* Face lower lip muscles (face-lower-lip-muscles)' ''''''' Face - platysma muscle (face-platysma-muscle)' ''''''' Face - depressor labii inferioris muscle (depressor-labii-inferioris-muscle)' ''''''' Face - risorius muscle (risorius-muscle)' ''''''' Face - mentalis muscle (mentalis-muscle)' ''''''' Face - transverse muscle of the chin (transverse-chin-muscle)' '* Face surround and mouth corners muscles (face-surround-corner-muscles)' ''''''' Face - orbicularis oris muscle (orbicularis-oris-muscle)' ''''''' Face - zygomaticus major muscle, buccal (zygomaticus-major-muscle-buccal)' ''''''' Face - zygomaticus major muscle, proper (zygomaticus-major-muscle-proper)' ''''''' Face - levator anguli oris muscle (levator-anguli-oris-muscle)' ''''''' Face - depressor anguli oris muscle (depressor-anguli-oris-muscle)' ' Neck (TARGET.TEA.NECK, unknown)' '* Neck sensory data (neck-sensory-data)' ''''''' Neck - cutaneous receptors of low neck (neck-low-cutaneous-receptors)' '* Neck flexors (neck-flexors)' ''''''' Neck - scalenus anterior muscle (neck-scalenus-anterior)' ''''''' Neck - scalenus medius muscle (neck-scalenus-medius)' ''''''' Neck - scalenus posterior muscle (neck-scalenus-posterior)' ''''''' Neck - longus capitis muscle (neck-longus-capitis)' ''''''' Neck - longus colli muscle (neck-longus-colli)' ''''''' Neck - rectus capitis anterior muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-anterior)' ''''''' Neck - rectus capitis lateralis muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-lateralis)' ''''''' Neck - sternocleidomastoid muscle (neck-sternocleidomastoid)' '* Neck extensors (neck-extensors)' ''''''' Neck - obliquus capitis inferior muscle (neck-obliquus-capitis-inferior-muscle)' ''''''' Neck - obliquus capitis superior muscle (neck-obliquus-capitis-superior-muscle)' ''''''' Neck - rectus capitis posterior major muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-posterior-major-muscle)' ''''''' Neck - rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-posterior-minor-muscle)' ''''''' Neck - semispinalis capitis (neck-semispinalis-capitis)' ''''''' Neck - splenius capitis muscle (neck-splenius-capitis)' ''''''' Neck - splenius cervicis muscle (neck-splenius-cervicis)' ' Liver (TARGET.TEA.LIVER, unknown)' '* Liver sensory data (liver-sensory-data)' ''''''' Liver - glucose and osmoreceptors (glucose-and-osmoreceptors)' ''''''' Liver - visceral receptors (visceral-receptors)' '* Liver - abdominal alimentary tract glands (glands)' ' Stomach (TARGET.TEA.STOMACH, unknown)' '* Stomach sensory data (stomach-sensory-data)' ''''''' Stomach - stomach nutrition sensor (stomach-nutrition-sensor)' '* Stomach gastrointestinal tract (stomach-gastrointestinal-tract)' ''''''' Stomach - outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscles (stomach-wall)' ''''''' Stomach - mucosal gastric glands (stomach-mucosal-gastric-glands)' ''''''' Stomach - enzyme glands (stomach)' ''''''' Stomach - small intestine (small-intestine)' ''''''' Stomach - duodentum (duodentum)' ''''''' Stomach - colon (colon)' '* Stomach extractors (stomach-extractors)' ''''''' Stomach - spleen (spleen)' ''''''' Stomach - kidney (kidney)' ' Lung (TARGET.TEA.LUNG, unknown)' '* Lung sensory data (lung-sensory-data)' ''''''' Lung - pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (pulmonary-neuroepithelial-bodies)' ''''''' Lung - pericardium and pleura receptors (pericardium-pleura-receptors)' ''''''' Lung - pulmonary stretch receptors (pulmonary-stretch-receptors)' '* Lung visceral activity (lung-visceral-activity)' ''''''' Lung - glands of trachea, lungs, and bronchi (visceral-glands)' ''''''' Lung - smooth muscles of trachea and bronchial tree (smooth-muscles)' '* Lung breath muscles (lung-breath-muscles)' ''''''' Lung - thoracic diaphragm (thoracic-diaphragm)' ''''''' Lung - stylopharyngeus muscle (stylopharyngeus-muscle)' ' Hand (TARGET.TEA.HAND, unknown)' '* Hand somatic sensory data (hand-somatic-sensory)' ''''''' Hand - hand somatic receptors (hand-somatic-receptors)' '* Hand shoulder (hand-shoulder)' ''''''' Hand shoulder flexors (hand-shoulder-flexors)' '''''''* Hand - infraspinatus muscle (infraspinatus-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - supraspinatus muscle (supraspinatus-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - deltoid muscle, anterior (anterior-deltoid-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - coracobrachialis muscle (coracobrachialis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - levator claviculae muscle (levator-claviculae-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - levator scapulae muscle, roots (levator-scapulae-muscle-roots)' '''''''* Hand - levator scapulae muscle, scapular (levator-scapulae-muscle-scapular)' '''''''* Hand - pectoralis major muscle (pectoralis-major-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - rhomboid major muscle (rhomboid-major-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - rhomboid minor muscle (rhomboid-minor-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - serratus anterior muscle (serratus-anterior-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - sternalis muscle (sternalis-muscle)' ''''''' Hand shoulder extensors (hand-shoulder-extensors)' '''''''* Hand - subscapularis muscle, lower (subscapularis-muscle-lower)' '''''''* Hand - subscapularis muscle, upper (subscapularis-muscle-upper)' '''''''* Hand - teres major muscle (shoulder-teres-major-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - latissimus dorsi muscle (shoulder-latissimus-dorsi-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - deltoid muscle, lateral and posterior (posteriolateral-deltoid-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - pectoralis minor muscle (pectoralis-minor-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - subclavius muscle (subclavius-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - trapezius muscle (trapezius-muscle)' '* Hand elbow (hand-elbow)' ''''''' Hand elbow flexors (hand-elbow-flexors)' '''''''* Hand - biceps muscle (biceps-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - brachialis muscle (brachialis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - pronator quadratus muscle (pronator-quadratus-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - pronator teres muscle (pronator-teres-muscle)' ''''''' Hand elbow extensors (hand-elbow-extensors)' '''''''* Hand - teres minor muscle (teres-minor-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - triceps brachii muscle, axillary (triceps-brachii-muscle-axillary)' '''''''* Hand - triceps brachii muscle, radial (triceps-brachii-muscle-radial)' '''''''* Hand - articularis cubiti muscle (articularis-cubiti-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - supinator muscle (supinator-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - anconeus muscle (anconeus-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - brachioradialis muscle (brachioradialis-muscle)' '* Hand wrist (hand-wrist)' ''''''' Hand wrist flexors (hand-wrist-flexors)' '''''''* Hand - flexor carpi radialis muscle (flexor-carpi-radialis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (flexor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, interosseous (flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-interosseous)' '''''''* Hand - palmaris longus muscle (palmaris-longus-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - palmaris brevis muscle (palmaris-brevis-muscle)' ''''''' Hand wrist extensors (hand-wrist-extensors)' '''''''* Hand - extensor digiti minimi muscle (extensor-digiti-minimi-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (extensor-carpi-radialis-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (extensor-carpi-radialis-longus-muscle)' '* Hand fingers (hand-fingers)' ''''''' Hand fingers flexors (hand-fingers-flexors)' '''''''* Hand - flexor pollicis longus muscle (flexor-pollicis-longus-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, median (flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (flexor-digitorum-superficialis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand (abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - abductor pollicis brevis muscle (abductor-pollicis-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - adductor pollicis muscle (adductor-pollicis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - dorsal interossei muscles of the hand (dorsal-interossei-muscle-hand)' '''''''* Hand - flexor digiti minimi brevis of hand (flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle-hand)' '''''''* Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, ulnar (flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-ulnar)' '''''''* Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, ulnar (flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle-ulnar)' '''''''* Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, median (lumbricals-hand-muscles-median)' '''''''* Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, ulnar (lumbricals-hand-muscles-ulnar)' '''''''* Hand - opponens digiti minimi muscle (opponens-digiti-minimi-muscles)' '''''''* Hand - opponens pollicis muscle (opponens-pollicis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - palmar interossei muscles (palmar-interossei-muscles)' ''''''' Hand fingers extensors (hand-fingers-extensors)' '''''''* Hand - abductor pollicis longus muscle (abductor-pollicis-longus-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (extensor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - extensor digitorum muscle (extensor-digitorum-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - extensor indicis muscle (extensor-indicis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - extensor pollicis brevis muscle (extensor-pollicis-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Hand - extensor pollicis longus muscle (extensor-pollicis-longus-muscle)' ' Leg (TARGET.TEA.LEG, unknown)' '* Leg somatic sensory data (leg-somatic-sensory)' ''''''' Leg - somatic receptors (leg-somatic-receptors)' '* Leg thigh (leg-thigh)' ''''''' Leg thigh flexors (leg-thigh-flexors)' '''''''* Leg - piriformis muscle (piriformis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - adductor brevis muscle (leg-adductor-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - adductor longus muscle (leg-adductor-longus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - adductor magnus muscle, obturator (leg-adductor-magnus-muscle-obturator)' '''''''* Leg - adductor magnus muscle, tibial (leg-adductor-magnus-muscle-tibial)' '''''''* Leg - adductor minimus muscle, obturator (leg-adductor-minimus-muscle-obturator)' '''''''* Leg - adductor minimus muscle, tibial (leg-adductor-minimus-muscle-tibial)' '''''''* Leg - biceps femoris muscle, tibial (leg-biceps-femoris-muscle-tibial)' '''''''* Leg - gemellus inferior muscle (leg-gemellus-inferior-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - gemellus superior muscle (leg-gemellus-superior-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - gluteus medius muscle (leg-gluteus-medius-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - gluteus minimus muscle (leg-gluteus-minimus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - gracilis muscle (leg-gracilis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - iliacus muscle (leg-iliacus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - obturator externus muscle (leg-obturator-externus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - obturator internus muscle (leg-obturator-internus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - pectineus muscle, femoral (leg-pectineus-muscle-femoral)' '''''''* Leg - pectineus muscle, obturator (leg-pectineus-muscle-obturator)' '''''''* Leg - psoas major muscle (leg-psoas-major-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - psoas minor muscle (leg-psoas-minor-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - quadratus femoris muscle (leg-quadratus-femoris-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - sartorius muscle (leg-sartorius-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - tensor fasciae latae muscle (leg-tensor-fasciae-latae-muscle)' ''''''' Leg thigh extensors (leg-thigh-extensors)' '''''''* Leg - gluteus maximus muscle (gluteus-maximus-muscle)' '* Leg knee (leg-knee)' ''''''' Leg knee flexors (leg-knee-flexors)' '''''''* Leg - gastrocnemius muscle (gastrocnemius-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - popliteus muscle (popliteus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - biceps femoris muscle, peroneal (leg-biceps-femoris-muscle-peroneal)' '''''''* Leg - semimembranosus muscle (leg-semimembranosus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - semitendinosus muscle (leg-semitendinosus-muscle)' ''''''' Leg knee extensors (leg-knee-extensors)' '''''''* Leg - articularis genu muscle (leg-articularis-genu-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - obliquus genu muscle (leg-obliquus-genu-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - rectus femoris muscle (leg-rectus-femoris-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - vastus intermedius muscle (leg-vastus-intermedius-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - vastus lateralis muscle (leg-vastus-lateralis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - vastus medialis muscle (leg-vastus-medialis-muscle)' '* Leg foot (leg-foot)' ''''''' Leg foot flexors (leg-foot-flexors)' '''''''* Leg - tibialis posterior muscle (tibialis-posterior-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - abductor hallucis muscle (leg-abductor-hallucis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - plantaris muscle (plantaris-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - quadratus plantae muscle (leg-quadratus-plantae-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - adductor hallucis muscle (leg-adductor-hallucis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - accessory soleus muscle (leg-accessory-soleus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - fibularis brevis muscle (leg-fibularis-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - fibularis longus muscle (leg-fibularis-longus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - soleus muscle (leg-soleus-muscle)' ''''''' Leg foot extensors (leg-foot-extensors)' '''''''* Leg - fibularis tertius muscle (fibularis-tertius-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - tibialis anterior muscle (tibialis-anterior-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - extensor hallucis brevis muscle (leg-extensor-hallucis-brevis-muscle)' '* Leg fingers (leg-fingers)' ''''''' Leg fingers flexors (leg-fingers-flexors)' '''''''* Leg - flexor digitorum longus muscle (flexor-longus-digitorum-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - flexor hallucis longus muscle (flexor-longus-hallucis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot (leg-abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - flexor digitorum brevis muscle (leg-flexor-digitorum-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, lateral (leg-lumbrical-muscle-lateral)' '''''''* Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, medial (leg-lumbrical-muscle-medial)' '''''''* Leg - flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of foot (leg-flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - flexor hallucis brevis muscle (leg-flexor-hallucis-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - dorsal interossei muscles of the foot (leg-dorsal-interossei-muscles)' '''''''* Leg - plantar interossei muscles (leg-plantar-interossei-muscles)' ''''''' Leg fingers extensors (leg-fingers-extensors)' '''''''* Leg - extensor digitorum brevis muscle (extensor-digitorum-brevis-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - extensor digitorum longus muscle (extensor-digitorum-longus-muscle)' '''''''* Leg - extensor hallucis longus muscle (extensor-hallucis-longus-muscle)' ' Trunk (TARGET.TEA.TRUNK, unknown)' '* Trunk sensory data (trunk-sensory-data)' ''''''' Trunk - upper somatic receptors (trunk-upper-somatic-receptors)' ''''''' Trunk - lower somatic receptors (trunk-lower-somatic-receptors)' '* Trunk back (trunk-back)' ''''''' Trunk back flexors (trunk-back-flexors)' '''''''* Trunk - iliocostalis muscle (trunk-iliocostalis-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - rotatores muscles (trunk-rotatores-muscles)' '''''''* Trunk - spinalis muscle (trunk-spinalis-muscle)' ''''''' Trunk back extensors (trunk-back-extensors)' '''''''* Trunk - semispinalis dorsi (thoracis) (trunk-semispinalis-dorsi-thoracis)' '''''''* Trunk - interspinales muscles (trunk-interspinales-muscles)' '''''''* Trunk - intertransversarii muscle (trunk-intertransversarii-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - levatores costarum muscles (trunk-levatores-costarum-muscles)' '''''''* Trunk - longissimus muscle (trunk-longissimus-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - multifidus muscle (trunk-multifidus-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - quadratus lumborum muscle (trunk-quadratus-lumborum-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - semispinalis cervicis (trunk-semispinalis-cervicis-muscle)' '* Trunk chest (trunk-chest)' ''''''' Trunk chest flexors (trunk-chest-flexors)' '''''''* Trunk - external intercostal muscles (trunk-external-intercostal-muscles)' '''''''* Trunk - serratus posterior superior muscle (trunk-serratus-posterior-superior-muscle)' ''''''' Trunk chest extensors (trunk-chest-extensors)' '''''''* Trunk - subcostalis muscle (trunk-subcostalis-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - transversus thoracis muscle (trunk-transversus-thoracis-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - internal intercostal muscles (trunk-internal-intercostal-muscles)' '''''''* Trunk - serratus posterior inferior muscle (trunk-serratus-posterior-inferior-muscle)' '* Trunk abdomen (trunk-abdomen)' ''''''' Trunk abdomen flexors (trunk-abdomen-flexors)' '''''''* Trunk - rectus abdominis muscle (trunk-rectus-abdominis-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - abdominal internal oblique muscle (trunk-internal-oblique-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - pyramidalis muscle (trunk-pyramidalis-muscle)' '''''''* Trunk - abdominal external oblique muscle (trunk-abdominal-external-oblique-muscle)' ''''''' Trunk abdomen extensors (trunk-abdomen-extensors)' '''''''* Trunk - transversus abdominis muscle (trunk-transversus-abdominis)' ' Breast (TARGET.TEA.BREAST, unknown)' '* Breast - skin receptors (breast-skin-receptors)' '* Breast - nipple smooth muscles (nipple-smooth-muscles)' ' Genitalia (TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA, unknown)' '* Genitalia - sensations (genitalia-sensory)' ''''''' Genitalia - utetovaginal visceral receptors (utetovaginal-visceral-receptors)' ''''''' Genitalia - visceral sexual receptors (visceral-sexual-receptors)' '* Genitalia - urination and support muscles (genitalia-urination)' ''''''' Genitalia - bulbospongiosus muscle (bulbospongiosus-muscle)' ''''''' Genitalia - pubococcygeus muscle (pubococcygeus-muscle)' '* Genitalia - erection muscles (genitalia-erection)' ''''''' Genitalia - ischiocavernosus muscle (ischiocavernosus-muscle)' ''''''' Genitalia - man erection muscles (genitalia-erection-man)' '''''''* Genitalia - corpus cavernosum penis (corpus-cavernosum-penis)' ''''''' Genitalia - woman erection muscles (genitalia-erection-woman)' '''''''* Genitalia - uterus, sympathetic contractors (uterus-sympathetic)' '''''''* Genitalia - parasympathetic uterus vasodilators (uterus-parasympathetic)' '''''''* Genitalia - vagina, sympathetic vasoconstrictors (vagina-sympathetic)' '''''''* Genitalia - parasympathetic vaginal vasodilators (vagina-parasympathetic)' '''''''* Genitalia - corpus cavernosum clitoridis (corpus-cavernosum-clitoridis)' '* Genitalia - ejaculation muscles and glands, pregnancy and lifecycle support (genitalia-ejaculation)' ''''''' Genitalia - man ejaculation muscles and glands (genitalia-ejaculation-man)' '''''''* Genitalia - cowper gland (cowper-gland)' '''''''* Genitalia - prostate gland (prostate-gland)' '''''''* Genitalia - vas deferens (vas-deferens)' '''''''* Genitalia - deep transverse perineal muscle, penis (deep-transverse-perineal-muscle-penis)' ''''''' Genitalia - woman ejaculation muscles and glands (genitalia-ejaculation-woman)' '''''''* Genitalia - bartholin gland (bartholin-gland)' '''''''* Genitalia - skenes gland (skenes-gland)' '''''''* Genitalia - cervix (cervix-gland)' '''''''* Genitalia - deep transverse perineal muscle, clitoris (deep-transverse-perineal-muscle-clitoris)' '* Genitalia - scrotum muscles (genitalia-scrotum-muscles)' ''''''' Genitalia - cremaster muscle (cremaster-muscle)' ''''''' Genitalia - dartos muscle (dartos-muscle)' ' Ureter (TARGET.TEA.URETER, unknown)' '* Ureter sensory data (ureter-sensory-data)' ''''''' Ureter - ureter visceral receptors (ureter-visceral-receptors)' '* Ureter autonomic (ureter-autonomic)' ''''''' Ureter - detrusor urinae muscle, parasympathetic (detrusor-urinae-muscle-parasympathetic)' ''''''' Ureter - internal sphincter muscle of urethra, parasympathetic (internal-urethral-sphincter-parasympathetic)' ''''''' Ureter - detrusor urinae muscle, sympathetic (detrusor-urinae-muscle-sympathetic)' ''''''' Ureter - internal sphincter muscle of urethra, sympathetic (internal-urethral-sphincter-sympathetic)' '* Ureter conscious (ureter-conscious)' ''''''' Ureter - external sphincter muscle of female urethra (external-urethral-sphincter-female)' ''''''' Ureter - external sphincter muscle of male urethra (external-urethral-sphincter-male)' ' Rectum (TARGET.TEA.RECTUM, unknown)' '* Rectum sensory data (rectum-sensory-data)' ''''''' Rectum - large intestine visceral receptors (large-intestine-visceral-receptors)' '* Rectum autonomic (rectum-autonomic)' ''''''' Rectum - sphincter ani internus muscle, parasympathetic (sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-parasympathetic)' ''''''' Rectum - sphincter ani internus muscle, sympathetic (sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-sympathetic)' '* Rectum conscious flexors (rectum-conscious-flexors)' ''''''' Rectum - superficial transverse perineal muscle (superficial-transverse-perineal-muscle)' ''''''' Rectum - corrugator cutis ani muscle (corrugator-cutis-ani-muscle)' ''''''' Rectum - sphincter ani externus muscle (sphincter-ani-externus-muscle)' '* Rectum conscious extensors (rectum-conscious-extensors)' ''''''' Rectum - puborectalis muscle (puborectalis-muscle)' ''''''' Rectum - coccygeus muscle (coccygeus-muscle)' ''''''' Rectum - iliococcygeus muscle (iliococcygeus-muscle)' ' Blood vessels (TARGET.TEA.VESSELS, unknown)' '* Head vessels (head-vessels)' ''''''' Vessels - parotid gland vasoconstrictors (parotid-gland-vasoconstrictors)' ''''''' Vessels - submandibular gland vasoconstrictors (submandibular-gland-vasoconstrictors)' ''''''' Vessels - sublingual gland vasoconstrictors (sublingual-gland-vasoconstrictors)' '* Body vessels (body-vessels)' ''''''' Vessels - heart blood vessels (heart-blood-vessels)' ''''''' Vessels - thorathic arterial vasoconstrictors (arterial-thoracic-vasoconstrictors)' ''''''' Vessels - breast blood vessels (breast-blood-vessels)' ''''''' Vessels - stomach blood vessels (stomach-blood-vessels)' ''''''' Vessels - liver blood vessels (liver-blood-vessels)' ''''''' Vessels - renal blood vessels (renal-blood-vessels)' '* Limb vessels (limb-vessels)' ''''''' Vessels - wall of brachial artery smooth muscles (brachial-artery-vasoconstrictors)' ''''''' Vessels - arm blood vessels (arm-blood-vessels)' ''''''' Vessels - forearm blood vessels (forearm-blood-vessels)' ' Endocrine Glands (TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE, unknown)' '* Endocrine head (endocrine-head)' ''''''' Endocrine - pineal gland (endocrine-pineal-gland)' = NL:[body] '* Endocrine neck (endocrine-neck)' ''''''' Endocrine - thyroid gland (endocrine-thyroid-gland)' ''''''' Endocrine - parathyroid gland (endocrine-parathyroid-gland)' '* Endocrine body (endocrine-body)' ''''''' Endocrine - pancreas (endocrine-pancreas)' '''''''* Endocrine - pancreas, sympathetic (endocrine-pancreas-adrenergic)' '''''''* Endocrine - pancreas, parasympathetic (endocrine-pancreas-muscarinic)' ''''''' Endocrine - adrenal gland (endocrine-adrenal-gland)' '* Endocrine - gonads (endocrine-gonads)' ''''''' Endocrine - testicle gland (endocrine-testicle-gland)' ''''''' Endocrine - ovary gland (endocrine-ovary-gland)'

Brodmann Areas of Cerebral Cortex

Verified by:

outline.gif

Anterior Lobe

(generated)

Parietal Lobe

(generated)

Occipital Lobe

(generated)

Temporal Lobe

(generated)

Parahippocampal Lobe

(generated)

Nuclei List

Below nuclei list is upper part of brain hierarchy up to mapped regions. Coverage verified by:

Forebrain Telencephalon

(generated)

' Main Olfactory Bulb (LPC.FT.MOB, sensory)' ' Accessory Olfactory Bulb (LPC.FT.AOB, sensory)' ' Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (LPC.FT.AON, processor)' = wiki:[olfactory nucleus]

  • Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.EXTAM) = NA:[complex]

' Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM)' = NL:[[3]] -> BrainAreaFAM '* Basolateral Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.BL, relay)' = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[amygdaloid area] ''''''' Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LA)' = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] '''''''* Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LADL)' = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part] '''''''* Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVL)' = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part] '''''''* Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVM)' = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part] ''''''' Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.B)' = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] '''''''* Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP)' = NL:[part of basal amygdaloid nucleus] '''''''* Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BM)' = NL:[part of basal amygdaloid nucleus] ''''''' Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB)' = NL:[basal amygdaloid nucleus] '* Corticomedial Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.CTM)' = NL:[nuclear complex] ''''''' Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CO)' = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] '''''''* Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COA, relay)' '''''''* Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COP, relay)' ''''''' Centromedial Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.CM)' '''''''* Central Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.CEA)' = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] ''''''''''''' Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEC, relay)' = NL:[central nucleus of the amygdala] ''''''''''''' Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEL, relay)' = NL:[central nucleus of the amygdala] ''''''''''''' Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM, relay)' = NL:[central nucleus of the amygdala] '''''''* Medial Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.M)' = NL:[amygdala] = NL:[amygdaloid nucleus] ''''''''''''' Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MEA, relay)' ''''''''''''' Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPD, relay)' ''''''''''''' Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPV, relay)' '* Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC, relay)' = NL:[amygdaloid nuclei] ' Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP)' = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaFAM '* Dorsal Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.DS)' = NL:[septal nucleus] ''''''' Lateral Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.LG)' = NL:[septal nuclei] '''''''* Lateral Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.LT, relay)' = NL:[septal nucleus] '''''''* Septohippocampal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.SH, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] ''''''' Medial Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.MG)' '''''''* Medial Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.MED, relay)' = NL:[septal nucleus] '''''''* Diagonal Band of Broca (FAM.FT.SEP.DBB, relay)' = NL:[of the diagonal band] '* Posterior Septal Group (FAM.FT.SEP.PG)' ''''''' Bed Nucleus of Anterior Commissure (FAM.FT.SEP.BAC, relay)' = NL:[of anterior commissure] ''''''' Septofimbrial Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.SF, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] ''''''' Triangular Septal Nucleus (FAM.FT.SEP.TR, relay)' = NL:[septal nucleus] ' Endopiriform Nucleus (FAM.FT.EPF, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFAM ' Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis (FAM.FT.BNST, relay)' = NL:[nucleus of stria terminalis] -> BrainAreaFAM ' Substantia innominata (FT.SIN, relay)' -> BrainAreaLMC '* Basal Nucleus of Meynert (LMC.FT.NBM)' = NL:[nucleus] = NL:[innominata] ' Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus (FAM.FT.IPAC)' = NL:[nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure] '* Medial Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus (FAM.FT.IPAC.MED, relay)' -> BrainAreaFAM '* Lateral Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus (FEC.FT.IPAC.LT, relay)' -> BrainAreaFEC

' Striatum (BGA.FT.ST)' '* Ventral Striatum (BGA.FT.VST, relay)' ''''''' Accumbens Nucleus (FEC.FT.ACC)' = NL:[accumbens] '''''''* Nucleus Accumbens Core (FEC.FT.ACC.CORE)' = NL:[of nucleus accumbens] '''''''* Nucleus Accumbens Shell (FEC.FT.ACC.SH)' = NL:[of nucleus accumbens] ''''''' Ventral Putamen (FEC.FT.PU.VT)' = NL:[putamen] '* Dorsal Striatum (BGA.FT.DST)' ''''''' Caudate Nucleus (BGA.FT.CN)' = NL:[nucleus] '''''''* Caudate Nucleus Head (FEC.FT.CN.HD, relay)' '''''''* Caudate Nucleus Body (FEC.FT.CN.BD, relay)' '''''''* Caudate Nucleus Tail (FEC.FT.CN.TL, relay)' ''''''' Dorsal Putamen (BGA.FT.DPU)' = NL:[[4]] ' Globus Pallidus (BGA.FT.GP)' = NL:[pallidus] '* Dorsal Pallidum (BGA.FT.DP)' = NL:[globus pallidus] ''''''' Globus Pallidus External (BGA.FT.GPE)' = NL:[pallidus external segment] '''''''* Globus Pallidus External Lateral (FEC.FT.GPE.LT, relay)' '''''''* Globus Pallidus External Medial (FEC.FT.GPE.MED, relay)' '''''''* Globus Pallidus External Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPE.DS, relay)' '''''''* Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPE.RM, relay)' '''''''* Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPE.DL, relay)' ''''''' Globus Pallidus Internal (BGA.FT.GPI)' = NL:[pallidus internal segment] '''''''* Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral (FEC.FT.GPI.LT, relay)' = NL:[globus pallidus] '''''''* Globus Pallidus Internal Medial (FEC.FT.GPI.MED, relay)' = NL:[globus pallidus] '''''''* Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPI.DS, relay)' '''''''* Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPI.RM, relay)' '''''''* Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPI.DL, relay)' '* Ventral Pallidum (FEC.FT.VP)' = NL:[pallidum] ''''''' Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.VP.DL, relay)' ''''''' Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial (FEC.FT.VP.VM, relay)' ' Substantia Nigra (BGA.FT.SN)' = NL:[nigra] '* Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (LMC.FT.SNC)' = NL:[nigra pars compacta] ''''''' Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral (FEC.FT.SNC.LT, relay)' = NL:[substantia nigra pars compacta] ''''''' Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial (FEC.FT.SNC.MED, relay)' = NL:[substantia nigra pars compacta] '* Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata (LMC.FT.SNR)' = NL:[nigra pars reticulata] ''''''' Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.DL, relay)' ''''''' Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial (FEC.FT.SNR.RM, relay)' ''''''' Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.VL, relay)' ''''''' Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial (FEC.FT.SNR.MED, relay)'

' Hippocampus (HBA.FT.HC)' = NL:[[5]] '* Dentate Gyrus (FMM.FT.HC.DG, processor)' = NL:[gyrus] '* Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1)' = NL:[[6]] ''''''' Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1P, processor)' ''''''' Middle CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1M, processor)' ''''''' Distal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA1D, processor)' '* Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA2, processor)' = NL:[[7]] '* Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3)' = NL:[[8]] ''''''' Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3P, processor)' ''''''' Middle CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3M, processor)' ''''''' Distal CA1 of Hippocampus (FMM.FT.HC.CA3D, processor)' ' Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUB)' = NL:[[9]] '* Proximal Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUBP, processor)' = NL:[subiculum] '* Middle Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUBM, processor)' '* Distal Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUBD, processor)'

Forebrain Diencephalon

(generated)

' Lateral Habenula (LAC.FD.LHB)' = NL:[habenular nucleus] '* Lateral Habenula Medial Part (FAM.FD.LHB.MED)' '* Lateral Habenula Lateral Part (FAM.FD.LHB.LT)' ' Medial Habenula (FAM.FD.MHB)' = NL:[habenular nucleus]

  • Hypothalamus (HTA.FD.HT) = NL:[[11]]

' Mammillary Body (FD.MB)' = NL:[body] -> BrainAreaFMM '* Lateral Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.LMB, processor)' = NL:[mammillary nucleus] '* Medial Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.MMB, relay)' = NL:[mammillary nucleus] ' Anterior Hypothalamus Area (HTA.FD.HT.AHT)' = NL:[hypothalamus] = NL:[hypothalamic region] -> BrainAreaLAC '* Chiasmatic Area (HTA.FD.HT.CHS)' ''''''' Preoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PO, relay)' = NL:[area] '''''''* Medial Preoptic Nucleus (HTA.FD.HT.MPO)' = NL:[preoptic nucleus] = NL:[preoptic nucleus] = NL:[preoptic region] '''''''* Lateral Preoptic Nucleus (HTA.FD.HT.LPO)' = NL:[preoptic nucleus] ''''''' Supraoptic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SO, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] ''''''' Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SCN, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] ''''''' Retrochiasmatic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.RCH, relay)' = NL:[area] '* Tuberal Area (HTA.FD.HT.TUB)' = NL:[cinereum] = NL:[hypothalamic region] ''''''' Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV, relay)' = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] = NL:[hypothalamic region] ''''''' Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.AH, relay)' = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] ''''''' Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.VM, relay)' = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] ''''''' Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus (LAC.FD.HT.AR, relay)' = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] ' Posterior Hypothalamic Area (HTA.FD.HT.POS)' = NL:[hypothalamic region] -> BrainAreaLAC '* Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.DM, relay)' = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] '* Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PN, relay)' = NL:[nucleus of hypothalamus] ' Lateral Hypothalamic Area (HTA.FD.HT.LT)' = NL:[hypothalamic area] = NL:[hypothalamic region] -> BrainAreaLAC '* Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.LTN, relay)' = NL:[hypothalamic nucleus] '* Lateral Tuberal Nuclei (HTA.FD.HT.LTUB)' = NL:[tuberal nuclear complex] ''''''' Supramammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SUM, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] ''''''' Tuberomammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.TBM, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] ''''''' Premammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PRM, relay)' = NL:[nucleus]

' Subthalamic Nucleus (BGA.FD.STN)' = NL:[nucleus] '* Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.CD, relay)' ''''''' Zona Incerta (BGA.FD.STN.ZI)' = NL:[incerta] '* Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.ICD, relay)' '* Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral (FEC.FD.STN.DL, relay)' '* Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral (FEC.FD.STN.LT, relay)' '* Subthalamic Nucleus Medial (FEC.FD.STN.MED, relay)'

' Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (NSA.FD.LGN, relay)' = NL:[geniculate body] -> BrainAreaNSA ' Medial Geniculate Body (NSA.FD.TH.MGB, relay)' = NL:[geniculate body] -> BrainAreaNSA ' Pulvinar (FD.PV)' = NL:[[14]] '* Inferior Pulvinar (NSA.FD.TH.IPV, relay)' = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA '* Lateral Pulvinar (NSA.FD.TH.LPV, relay)' = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA '* Medial Pulvinar (NPE.FD.TH.MPV, relay)' = NL:[pulvinar] = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNPE '* Oral Pulvinar (NPE.FD.TH.OPV, processor)' = NL:[pulvinar nucleus] -> BrainAreaNPE ' Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus (FD.TH.AN)' = NL:[nuclear group] '* Anteromedial Nucleus (NCP.FD.TH.AM, processor)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaNCP '* Anteroventral Nucleus (FMM.FD.TH.AV, processor)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM '* Anterodorsal Nucleus (FMM.FD.TH.AD, processor)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM ' Intralaminar and Midline Nuclei of Thalamus (BGA.FD.TH.IML)' '* Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus (BGA.FD.TH.IL)' = NL:[nuclear group] -> BrainAreaFEC ''''''' Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.RIL, processor)' ''''''' Caudal Intralaminar Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.CIL)' = NL:[intralaminar nuclei] '''''''* Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.CM, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] '''''''* Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.PF, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] '* Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MTH)' = NL:[nuclear group] ''''''' Dorsal Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MDT)' = NL:[dorsal nucleus] '''''''* Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus (FAM.FD.TH.PT, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFAM '''''''* Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus (LPC.FD.TH.PV, relay)' = NL:[nucleus of thalamus] -> BrainAreaLPC ''''''' Ventral Midline Nuclear Group of Thalamus (FD.TH.MVT)' '''''''* Reuniens Nucleus of Thalamus (FMM.FD.TH.RE, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM '''''''* Rhomboidal Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.RH, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFEC '''''''* Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus (LLC.FD.TH.SF, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC ' Lateral Thalamus (FD.TH.LTH)' = NL:[nuclear group] = NL:[thalamus] '* Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (FMM.FD.TH.LD, processor)' = NL:[dorsal nucleus] -> BrainAreaFMM '* Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus (NPE.FD.TH.LP, processor)' = NL:[posterior nucleus] -> BrainAreaNPE ' Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (FCA.FD.TH.MD)' = NL:[dorsal nucleus] = NL:[thalamus] '* Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NDM.FD.TH.MDM, processor)' = NL:[mediodorsal nucleus] = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] -> BrainAreaNDM '* Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NCP.FD.TH.MDC, processor)' = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] = -> BrainAreaNCP '* Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NMA.FD.TH.MDL, processor)' = NL:[part of medial dorsal nucleus] -> BrainAreaNMA ' Posterior Thalamus (FD.TH.PTH)' = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[thalamus] '* Limitans Nucleus of Thalamus (FEC.FD.TH.LI, processor)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaFEC '* Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus (NSA.FD.TH.SG, processor)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA '* Submedial Nucleus of Thalamus (NDM.FD.TH.SM, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaNDM ' Ventral Thalamus (FD.TH.VTH)' = NL:[nuclear group] = NL:[thalamic] '* Ventral Anterior Nucleus (NMA.FD.TH.VA, processor)' = NL:[anterior nucleus] -> BrainAreaNMA '* Ventral Lateral Nucleus (NMA.FD.TH.VL, relay)' = NL:[lateral nucleus] -> BrainAreaNMA ''''''' Medial Part of Ventral Lateral Nucleus (MCA.FD.TH.VLO)' = NL:[part of ventral lateral nucleus] '* Ventral Posterior Nucleus (SMA.FD.TH.VP)' = NL:[posterior nucleus] -> BrainAreaNSA ''''''' Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus (NSA.FD.TH.VPI, relay)' = NL:[posteroinferior nucleus] ''''''' Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus (NSA.FD.TH.VPL, relay)' = NL:[posterolateral nucleus] ''''''' Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (NSA.FD.TH.VPM, relay)' = NL:[posteromedial nucleus]

Midbrain Mesencephalon

(generated)

  • Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.PER)

' Oculomotor Nucleus (LPC.MM.OCN, relay)' = NL:[nuclear complex] -> BrainAreaLPC ' Trochlear Nucleus (LPC.MM.TRH, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC ' Edinger-Westphal Nucleus (LAC.MM.EWN, parasympathetic)' = NL:[oculomotor nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC ' Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus (LPC.MM.MSTR, sensory)' = NL:[nucleus of trigeminal nerve] -> BrainAreaLPC (sensory neurons of masticatory muscles, the teeth, the mandibular joint, the mandible, the maxilla and the intraocular muscles; most to motor trigeminal, few - to principal trigeminal)

  • Mesencephalic Reticular Formation (MM.RF)

' Mesencephalic Reticular Formation, Medial Column (MM.RF.MED)' -> BrainAreaLLC '* Cuneiform Nucleus (LLC.MM.CNF, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] '* Subcuneiform Nucleus (LLC.MM.SCNF, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] ' Mesencephalic Reticular Formation, Midline Column (MM.RF.MID)' = NL:[raphe nuclei] '* Superior Central Raphe Nucleus (LMC.MM.RF.SUC, relay)' = NL:[central nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC '* Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (LMC.MM.RP.DRN, relay)' = NL:[raphe nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC '* Raphe Interpositus Nucleus (LRC.MM.RP.RIP, relay)' = NL:[interpositus nucleus] -> BrainAreaLRC

  • Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF)

' Auditory Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.AUD, relay)' -> BrainAreaLPC '* Inferior Colliculus (ABA.MM.IC)' = NL:[colliculus] ''''''' Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LPC.MM.CIC)' = NL:[nucleus of inferior colliculus] ''''''' External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus (LRC.MM.EIC)' = NL:[nucleus of inferior colliculus] '* Superior Olivary Complex (LPC.MM.SOC)' = NL:[olivary complex] ''''''' Trapezoid Body Nucleus (ABA.MM.SOC.TZ)' = NL:[nuclear complex] = NL:[body] ' Visual Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF.VIS)' -> BrainAreaLRC '* Superior Colliculus (MM.SC)' = NL:[colliculus] ''''''' Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP, relay)' = wiki:[Superior colliculus] '''''''* Stratum Zonale, Lamina I (VBA.MM.SC.SZ)' = NL:[colliculus stratum zonale] '''''''* Stratum Griseum Supeficiale, Lamina II (VBA.MM.SC.SGZ)' = NL:[colliculus superficial gray layer] '''''''* Stratum Opticum, Lamina III (VBA.MM.SC.SO)' = NL:[colliculus stratum opticum] ''''''' Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT, relay)' = other:[colliculus] '''''''* Stratum Griseum Intermediale, Lamina IV (VBA.MM.SC.SGI)' '''''''* Stratum Album Intermediale, Lamina V (VBA.MM.SC.SAI)' ''''''' Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP, relay)' = wiki:[Superior colliculus] '''''''* Stratum Griseum Profundum, Lamina VI (VBA.MM.SC.SGP)' '''''''* Stratum Album Profundum, Lamina VII (VBA.MM.SC.SAP)' '* Supraoculomotor Area (VBA.MM.SOA)' = NL:[nuclear complex] ''''''' Cajal Nucleus (LRC.MM.CJ, relay)' = NL:[nucleus of Cajal] ''''''' Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF (LRC.MM.RIMLF, relay)' ''''''' Darkschewitsch Nucleus (LRC.MM.DSCH, relay)' = NL:[of Darkschewitsch] '* Pretectum (MM.PT)' = NL:[[15]] ''''''' Anterior Pretectum Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PTA, relay)' = NL:[pretectal nucleus] ''''''' Nucleus of Optic Tract (LRC.MM.PT.NOT, relay)' = NL:[of optic tract] ''''''' Pretectal Olivary Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PON, relay)' = NL:[pretectal nucleus] ''''''' Principal Pretectal Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.PR, relay)' = NL:[pretectal nucleus] ''''''' Sublentiform Nucleus (LRC.MM.PT.SL, relay)' = NL:[nucleus]

' Raphe Nucleus Linearis (LMC.HP.RP.LI)' = NL:[central nucleus]

Hindbrain Metencephalon

(generated)

' Cerebellar Cortex (LLC.HP.CR.CTX)' = NL:[cortex] '* Cerebrocerebellum (LLC.HP.CR.CC, relay)' = NL:[lobe] '* Spinocerebellum (LLC.HP.CR.SC, relay)' = NL:[lobe] '* Vestibulocerebellum (LLC.HP.CR.VC, relay)' = NL:[lobe] ' Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (LLC.HP.CR.DCN)' '* Dentate Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.DN, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] '* Interposed Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.IP)' ''''''' Emboliform Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.EN, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] ''''''' Globose Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.GN, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] '* Fastigual Nucleus (LLC.HP.CR.FN, relay)' = NL:[nucleus]

' Ventral Tegmental Nucleus (LMC.HP.TG.VTG, relay)' = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC ' Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus (LMC.HP.TG.DTG, relay)' = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC ' Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus (LMC.HP.TG.LDT, relay)' = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaLMC ' Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei (LLC.HP.PPN)' = NL:[tegmental nucleus] -> BrainAreaFAM '* Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus (FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG, relay)' = NL:[linear nucleus] '* Interpeduncular Nucleus (FAM.HP.PPN.IPD, relay)' = NL:[nucleus]

' Pontine Reticular Formation, Midline Column (HP.RF.MID, relay)' -> BrainAreaLMC '* Raphe Nuclei of Pons (FBA.HP.RP)' (Paramedian Reticular Nucleus) ''''''' Pontine Raphe Nucleus (LMC.HP.RP.PRN)' = NL:[raphe nucleus] ' Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column (HP.RF.MED)' = NL:[pontine reticular formation] '* Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (HP.PRF.PPRF)' -> BrainAreaLRC ''''''' Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HP.PRF.RPO, relay)' = NL:[pontine reticular nucleus] ''''''' Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HP.PRF.CRF, relay)' = NL:[pontine reticular nucleus] '* Locus Coeruleus (LMC.HP.LC, relay)' = NL:[ceruleus] -> BrainAreaLMC '* Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HP.PRF.PVR, relay)' -> BrainAreaLRC ' Pontine Reticular Formation, Lateral Column (HP.RF.LAT)' '* Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus (LLC.HP.PRF.PDT, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC '* Parabrachial Nucleus (LPC.HP.PB, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC

' Pontobulbar Body (LLC.HP.PN.PBB, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC ' Rostral Pontine Nucleus (LLC.HP.PN.RP, relay)' = NL:[pontine nuclei] -> BrainAreaLLC ' Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus (LRC.HP.PN.KFN, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLRC ' Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus (LPC.HP.PN.LL, relay)' = NL:[of the lateral lemniscus] -> BrainAreaLPC ' Nucleus Subceruleus (LRC.HP.PN.SC, relay)' = NL:[subceruleus] -> BrainAreaLRC

' Principal Trigeminal Nucleus (LPC.HP.PTP.PTR, relay)' = NL:[sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve] ' Trigeminal Motor Nucleus (LPC.HP.PTP.TRM, relay)' = NL:[root of trigeminal nerve]

' Inferior Vestibular Nuclei (LPC.HP.IVBN, relay)' = NL:[vestibular nucleus] ' Lateral Vestibular Nuclei (LPC.HP.LVBN, relay)' = NL:[vestibular nucleus] ' Medial Vestibular Nucleus (LPC.HP.MVBN, relay)' = NL:[vestibular nucleus] ' Superior Vestibular Nuclei (LPC.HP.SVBN, relay)' = NL:[vestibular nucleus]

Hindbrain Myelencephalon

(generated)

' Ambiguus Nucleus (LPC.HM.AMB, relay)' = NL:[ambiguus] -> BrainAreaLPC ' Retroambigualis Nucleus (LRC.HM.RA, relay)' = NL:[retroambigualis] -> BrainAreaLRC

' Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus (LPC.HM.DCOCH, relay)' = NL:[cochlear nucleus] ' Ventral Cochlear Nucleus (LPC.HM.VCOCH, relay)' = NL:[cochlear nucleus]

' Medullary Reticular Formation, Midline Column (HM.RF.MID)' -> BrainAreaLMC '* Raphe Nuclei of Medulla (LMC.HM.RP)' = NL:[raphe nuclear complex] ''''''' Raphe Pallidus Nucleus (LMC.HM.RP.PL, relay)' = NL:[raphe pallidus] ''''''' Raphe Obscurus Nucleus (LMC.HM.RP.OB, relay)' = NL:[raphe obscurus] ''''''' Raphe Magnus Nucleus (LMC.HM.RP.MG, relay)' = NL:[raphe magnus] ' Medullary Reticular Formation, Medial Column (HM.RF.MED)' -> BrainAreaLRC '* Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HM.RF.MED, relay)' '* Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HP.PRF.GCR, relay)' = NL:[paragigantocellular nucleus] ' Medullary Reticular Formation, Lateral Column (HM.RF.LAT)' -> BrainAreaLLC '* Lateral Reticular Nucleus (LLC.HM.RF.LAT)' = NL:[reticular nucleus] ''''''' Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular (LLC.HM.RF.PLRN, relay)' ''''''' Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular (LLC.HM.RF.MLRN, relay)' ''''''' Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Subtrigeminal (LLC.HM.RF.SLRN, relay)'

' Inferior Salivatory Nucleus (LAC.HM.SAL.ISL, parasympathetic)' = NL:[salivatory nucleus] ' Superior Salivatory Nucleus (LAC.HM.SAL.SSL, parasympathetic)' = NL:[salivatory nucleus]

' Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus (LPC.HM.TGM.STR, relay)' = NL:[trigeminal nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC '* Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus (HMA.HM.TGM.CSTR)' = NL:[part of spinal trigeminal nucleus] ' Paratrigeminal Nucleus (LRC.HM.TGM.PA5, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLRC ' Peritrigeminal Nucleus (LAC.HM.TGM.PE5, relay)' = NL:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC

Spinal Cord

(generated)

  • Lateral Horn/Funiculus (BMA.SC.LH)

' Lateral Cervical Nucleus (LPC.SC.LH.LCV, relay)' = NL:[cervical nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC ' Lateral Spinal Nucleus (LAC.SC.LH.LSN, relay)' = NL:[spinal nucleus] -> BrainAreaLAC

' Lamina I (LPC.SC.PH.L1)' '* Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.MG)' = NA:Marginal Nucleus = BP:[nucleus] ''''''' Upper Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.UMG, relay)' ''''''' Lower Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.LMG, relay)' ' Lamina II (LPC.SC.PH.L2)' '* Substantia Gelatinosa (LPC.SC.PH.SG)' = NA:Gelatinosus substance = BP:[gelatinosa] ''''''' Upper Substantia Gelatinosa (LPC.SC.PH.USG, relay)' ''''''' Lower Substantia Gelatinosa (LPC.SC.PH.LSG, relay)' ' Lamina III, IV (BMA.SC.PH.L34, relay)' '* Proprius Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.NP)' = NA:Nucleus Proprius = NL:[proprius] = BP:[proprius dorsalis] ' Lamina V, VI (BMA.SC.PH.L56, relay)' '* Clarke Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.CL)' = NA:Nucleus thoracicus = NL:[Nucleus] = BP:[nucleus of Clarke]

  • Intermediate Zone (SC.IZ)

' Lamina VII (SC.IZ.L7)' '* Central Cervical Nucleus (LLC.SC.IZ.CCV, relay)' = NL:[cervical nucleus] -> BrainAreaLLC '* Centrobasalis Nucleus (LPC.SC.IZ.CBS, relay)' = NA:Central Nucleus = NL:[centrobasalis] -> BrainAreaLPC '* Intermediomedial Nucleus (LPC.SC.IZ.IMM, relay)' = NA:Intermediomedial nucleus = BP:[nucleus] -> BrainAreaLPC '* Intermediolateral Column (AVA.SC.IZ.IMLC)' -> BrainAreaLAC ''''''' Intermediolateral Nucleus (LAC.SC.IZ.IML, sympathetic)' = NA:Intermediolateral nucleus = BP:[nucleus] ''''''' Ciliospinal Center (LAC.SC.IZ.CSC, relay)' = NA:[Center] ''''''' Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus (LAC.SC.IZ.SPS, parasympathetic)' = BP:[parasympathetic nuclei]

' Lamina VIII (SC.VH.L8)' '* Ventromedial Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.VM, relay)' = NA:Anteromedial Nucleus = BP:[motor nucleus of spinal cord] '* Posteromedial Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.PM, relay)' = NA:Posteromedial Nucleus ' Lamina IX (SC.VH.L9)' '* Ventrolateral Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.VL, relay)' = NA:Anterolateral Nucleus = BP:[motor nucleus of spinal cord] '* Posterolateral Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.PL, relay)' = NA:Posterolateral Nucleus '* Retroposterolateral Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.RPL, relay)' = NA:Retroposterior Lateral Nucleus '* Spinal Accessory Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.SAN, relay)' = NA:Nucleus of Accessory Nerve = NL:[nucleus] '* Phrenic Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.PHR, relay)' = NA:Nucleus of Phrenic Nerve = NL:[nucleus] '* Onuf's Nucleus (LPC.SC.VH.ONF, relay)' = NA:Lumbosacral Nucleus = NL:[nucleus]

' Lamina X (AVA.SC.CC.L10)' '* Dorsal Commissural Nucleus (LAC.SC.CC.DCN)' = BP:[nucleus of spinal cord]

Peripheral Nervous System

(generated)

' Paravertebral Ganglia (VBA.PN.SYM.PA)' '* Superior Cervical Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.SCG, sympathetic)' '* Middle Cervical Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.MCG, sympathetic)' '* Stellate Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.STG, sympathetic)' '* Sympathetic Thoracic Ganglia (LAC.PN.SYM.TG, sympathetic)' ' Prevertebral Ganglia (VBA.PN.SYM.PR)' '* Coelic Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.CEG, sympathetic)' '* Superior Mesenteric Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.SMG, sympathetic)' '* Aorticorenal Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.ARG, sympathetic)' '* Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.IMG, sympathetic)'

' Submandibular Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG, parasympathetic)' ' Sphenopalatine Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG, parasympathetic)' ' Ciliary Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG, parasympathetic)' ' Episcleral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.EPG, parasympathetic)' ' Otic Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG, parasympathetic)' ' Intralaryngeal Peripheral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.ILG, parasympathetic)' ' Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG, parasympathetic)' ' Cardiac Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.CRG, parasympathetic)' ' Pulmonary Peripheral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG, parasympathetic)' ' Parasympathetic Gut Brain (LAC.PN.PSYM.GUT, parasympathetic)' '* Myenteric Ganglion (AVA.PN.PSYM.MTG)' '* Submucosal Gut Ganglion (AVA.PN.PSYM.SGG)'

' Trigeminal Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.TRG, sensory)' ' Geniculate Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.GNG, sensory)' ' Jugular Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.JUG, sensory)' ' Petrosal Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.PET, sensory)' ' Nodose Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.NOD, sensory)' ' Main Olfactory Epithelium (LPC.PN.SG.MOE, sensory)' ' Vomeronasal Organ (LPC.PN.SG.VNO, sensory)' ' Spiral Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.SP, sensory)' ' Vestibular Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.VB)' = NL:[ganglion] '* Vestibular Ganglion - Semicircular Canal Neurons (LPC.PN.SG.CVB, sensory)' '* Vestibular Ganglion - Utricle Neurons (LPC.PN.SG.UVB, sensory)' '* Vestibular Ganglion - Saccule Neurons (LPC.PN.SG.SVB, sensory)' ' Dorsal Root Ganglion (AVA.PN.SG.DRG)' '* Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.UDRG, sensory)' ''''''' Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.CX)' '''''''* Upper Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.UC)' '''''''* Lower Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.LC)' '* Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.LDRG, sensory)'

Cranial Nerves

Pons relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, along with nuclei that deal primarily with:

  • sleep
  • respiration
  • swallowing
  • bladder control
  • hearing
  • equilibrium
  • taste
  • eye movement
  • facial expressions
  • facial sensation
  • posture

Cranial nerves:

  • 0 - cranial nerve zero: detection of pheromones
  • 1 - olfactory nerve: transmits the sense of smell
  • 2 - optic nerve: transmits visual information to the brain
  • 3 - oculomotor nerve: perform most eye movements
  • 4 - trochlear nerve: depresses, rotates laterally - around the optic axis, and intorts the eyeball
  • 5 - trigeminal nerve: receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication
  • 6 - abducens nerve: abducts the eye
  • 7 - facial nerve: motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, receives the special sense of taste from anterior tongue, secretomotor innervation to the salivary glands and lacrimal gland
  • 8 - vestibulocochlear nerve: senses sound, rotation and gravity, carries impulses for equilibrium
  • 9 - glossopharyngeal nerve: receives taste from the posterior tongue
  • 10 - vagus nerve: branchiomotor innervation to most laryngeal and all pharyngeal muscles, receives the special sense of taste from the epiglottis, controls muscles for voice and resonance and the soft palate
  • 11 - accessory nerve: controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, overlaps with functions of the vagus
  • 12 - hypoglossal nerve: motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue, swallowing and speech articulation

Diagrams

Brodmann Areas:

brein9.jpg

Spinal Cord Nuclei:

spinal-cord-nuclei.jpg

Left and Right Brains:

BrainMindOrganization.jpg

REM Sleep:

d_11_cr_cyc_2a.jpg

References