View source for BrainRegionNSA FD TH MGB


<pre style="color: green">Medial Geniculate Body</pre>
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNSA]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB]]
----

This page covers biological details of component Medial Geniculate Body.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

* '''Top-down path to region''': Forebrain Diencephalon -> Thalamus (FD.TH) -> [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]] (FD.TH.SR) -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body]] (NSA.FD.TH.MGB) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
* '''Type''': nucleus
* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNSA|Neocortical Brain - Sensory Aggregation Area]]
* '''Role''': thalamic.sensory.primary
* '''Function''': Detection of the relative intensity and duration of a sound, relay to Auditory Cortex
* '''Notes to function''': Thalamus
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


'''Component items''':
* '''Anterodorsal Nucleus of Medial Geniculate Body'''
* '''Dorsal Nucleus of Medial Geniculate Body'''
* '''Magnocellular Nucleus of Medial Geniculate Body'''
* '''Medial Nucleus of Medial Geniculate Body'''
* '''Posterodorsal Nucleus of Medial Geniculate Body'''
* '''Ventral Nucleus of Medial Geniculate Body'''
** '''Medial Geniculate Body Lateral Nucleus'''
** '''Medial Geniculate Body Ovoid Nucleus'''

= Connectivity =
(generated)


http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NSA.FD.TH.MGB.dot.png

'''Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|LPC.HL.DCOCH]] || Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus || excitatory-glu || (unknown reference)
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|LPC.MM.CIC]] || Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd6.html Auditory System in Brain (IC -> MGB, abstract)]
|}

'''Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_LADL|FAM.FT.AM.LADL]] || Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|NSA.NC.TTG.A1]] || Primary Auditory Cortex || excitatory-glu || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (MGN -> pMGN)]
|}

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

* [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg Thalamocortical relationships] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Reference]

map: A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN ([[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|Anteromedial Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.AM), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.TH.AV), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.TH.AD)), CM=[[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM|Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM]], LD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]], LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]], LP=[[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP]], MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)), MGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP ([[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPI), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPL), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPM)), VA=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]], VL=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]], VPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]], VPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]], pA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]], pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU ([[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT|Dorsal Putamen Lateral]] (FEC.FT.PU.LT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED|Dorsal Putamen Medial]] (FEC.FT.PU.MED)), pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex]] (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG)), pLGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]], pLP=[[BrainCenter|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]], pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus]] (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMPFC|Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC|Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)), pMGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], pP=[[BrainCenter|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]], pVA=[[BrainCenter|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]], pVL=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]], pVPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]], pVPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC]], s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB ([[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HF_SUBP|Proximal Subiculum]] (FMM.FT.HF.SUBP), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HF_SUBM|Middle Subiculum]] (FMM.FT.HF.SUBM), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HF_SUBD|Distal Subiculum]] (FMM.FT.HF.SUBD)), s1MD=[[BrainCenter|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]], s1P=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]], s1VL=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]], s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB ([[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.LMB), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.MMB)), s2MD=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR|Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR]], s2P=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]], s2VL=[[BrainCenter|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]], s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus]] (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMPFC|Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC|Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)), sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI ([[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_LT|Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral]] (FEC.FT.GPI.LT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_MED|Globus Pallidus Internal Medial]] (FEC.FT.GPI.MED), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS|Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal]] (FEC.FT.GPI.DS), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_RM|Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial]] (FEC.FT.GPI.RM), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DL|Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral]] (FEC.FT.GPI.DL)), sLD=[[BrainCenter|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]], sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC ([[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), sVA=[[BrainCenter|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]], sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG ([[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.PH.UMG), [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.PH.LMG)), sVPM=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6cd03b9a92afacafcc8c5b57cffed472.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400 width=400>

* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference]

map: ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex]] (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG)), AM=[[BrainCenter|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]], HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC ([[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG|Dentate Gyrus]] (FMM.FT.HC.DG), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1P|Proximal CA1 of Hippocampus]] (FMM.FT.HC.CA1P), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1M|Middle CA1 of Hippocampus]] (FMM.FT.HC.CA1M), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1D|Distal CA1 of Hippocampus]] (FMM.FT.HC.CA1D), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA2|Dorsolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus]] (FMM.FT.HC.CA2), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3P|Proximal CA3 of Hippocampus]] (FMM.FT.HC.CA3P), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3M|Middle CA3 of Hippocampus]] (FMM.FT.HC.CA3M), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3D|Distal CA3 of Hippocampus]] (FMM.FT.HC.CA3D)), HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT ([[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.TBM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|Premammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PRM)), HT.PV=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]], INS=[[BrainCenter|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]], LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]], MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL)), PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]], PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]], PUT=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]], SOL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]], TH=Thalamus,FD.TH ([[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus]] (NSA.FD.LGN), [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body]] (NSA.FD.TH.MGB), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPI), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPL), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPM), [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_IPV|Inferior Pulvinar]] (NSA.FD.TH.IPV), [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_LPV|Lateral Pulvinar]] (NSA.FD.TH.LPV), [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|Medial Pulvinar]] (NPE.FD.TH.MPV), [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_OPV|Oral Pulvinar]] (NPE.FD.TH.OPV), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_LI|Limitans Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.LI), [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NSA.FD.TH.SG), [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_SM|Submedial Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.SM), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus]] (NMA.FD.TH.VA), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus]] (NMA.FD.TH.VL), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (FMM.FD.TH.LD), [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NPE.FD.TH.LP), [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|Anteromedial Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.AM), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.TH.AV), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.TH.AD), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_RIL|Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.RIL), [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM|Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus]] (FEC.FD.TH.CM), [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_PF|Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus]] (FEC.FD.TH.PF), [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_TH_PT|Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus]] (FAM.FD.TH.PT), [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.PV), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_RE|Reuniens Nucleus of Thalamus]] (FMM.FD.TH.RE), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_RH|Rhomboidal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (FMM.FD.TH.RH), [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus]] (LLC.FD.TH.SF))
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e212b5f27aa77f69673ce0cb4ce84428.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://cdn.f1000r.com.s3.amazonaws.com/manuscripts/1181/d6e9eca8-bb85-4382-8286-723b00f8b36f_figure7.gif Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum] - see [http://f1000research.com/articles/2-20/v1 Reference]

map: AC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], AM=[[BrainCenter|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]], CN=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], OC=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]], PM=[[BrainCenter|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]], SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC ([[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP))
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/116326cb2eb32664b3d13f928647d94a.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400 width=400>

* [http://lifeboat.com/kurzweil/cochlea.gif Five Parallel Auditory Pathways] - see [http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns Reference]

map: AC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], Cochlea=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]], CochleaGanglion=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP]], DCN=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), DNLL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_LL|Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus,LPC.HT.PN.LL]], GBC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), ICC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), ICx=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), LS=[[BrainCenter|Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF]], LSO=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]], MC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], MSO=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]], OC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), SBC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC ([[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), VNLL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_LL|Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus,LPC.HT.PN.LL]], VNTB=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,ABA.MM.SOC.TZ]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7902050fd521ea92277e2b254a2cc914.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://ars.sciencedirect.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1359644605035427-gr1.jpg Auditory System Model] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644605035427 Reference]

map: A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], Cochlea=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), CochleaGanglion=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP]], Ear=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]], IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], Olive=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/873bb6a303f8186ca7db47e5906ce290.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/FigVI1.gif Auditory System in Brain] - see [http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd6.html Reference]

map: A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], Cochlea=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), CochleaGanglion=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP]], Ear=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]], IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], Olive=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/43041252332b56ca42379c88ed9f1d71.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


= References =
(generated)

* http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
* http://f1000research.com/articles/2-20/v1
* http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644605035427
* http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd6.html