View source for BrainRegionNMA NC MC

<pre style="color: green">Motor Cortex</pre>
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNMA]] -> [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC]]
----

This page covers biological details of component Motor Cortex.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

* '''Top-down path to region''': Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.MC) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
* '''Type''': cortex
* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNMA|Neocortical Brain - Motor Aggregation Area]]
* '''Brodmann ID''': 04
* '''Role''': cortex.motor.flexor
* '''Function''': Execution of required voluntary movements
* '''Notes to function''': F1; Encode individual movements
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


* no child items defined

= Connectivity =
(generated)


http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NMA.NC.MC.dot.png

'''Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_PV|NCP.NC.PG.PV]] || Parietal Ventral Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|NCP.NC.PG.S1]] || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (S1 -> M1)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2|NCP.NC.PG.S2]] || Secondary Somatosensory Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|NMA.FD.TH.VL]] || Ventral Lateral Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (VL -> pVL)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PMC -> MC, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|NMA.NC.PMC.F5]] || Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Primate Control of Grasping (F5 -> F1)]
|}

'''Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_LT|FEC.FD.STN.LT]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral || excitatory-glu || [http://www.neurology.org/content/70/21/1991/F2.expansion.html Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (MC -> STN, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT|FEC.FT.PU.LT]] || Dorsal Putamen Lateral || excitatory-glu || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html Basal Ganglia Activity (M1 -> PU, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_BPN|LLC.HT.BPN]] || Basilar Pontine Nuclei || excitatory-glu || [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> PNN, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PN_PBB|LLC.HT.PN.PBB]] || Pontobulbar Body || excitatory-glu || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (MC -> PN, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG|LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]] || Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|LPC.HL.AMB]] || Ambiguus Nucleus || excitatory-glu || (unknown reference)
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF|LPC.SC.VH.ONF]] || Onuf's Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL|LPC.SC.VH.PL]] || Posterolateral Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM|LPC.SC.VH.PM]] || Posteromedial Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL|LPC.SC.VH.RPL]] || Retroposterolateral Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|LRC.HT.PRF.CRF]] || Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)]
|}

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)

 ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 BGA=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
 OPN=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN|Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN]]
 ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
 Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
 RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
 SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]
 SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
 SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn]])
 Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 VisualCortex=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7192d7e1c7041f25a6eddc32c4f67e91.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.neurology.org/content/70/21/1991/F2.large.jpg Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus] - see [http://www.neurology.org/content/70/21/1991/F2.expansion.html Reference] (CM.STN-CONN)

 ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
 GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 MC=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]])
 VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/ced8710309da7474ec475785e9cc3d0a.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/motor_top.jpg Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior] - see [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Reference] (CM.PFC-MOTOR)

 CN.PU=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 CR=[[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]]
 GP=Globus Pallidus,FEC.FT.GP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 MC=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 PMC=[[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]]
 PN=Pontine Nuclear Complex,HT.PN (see [[BrainCenterHT_SN|Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
 SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 TH=Ventral Thalamus,FD.TH.VTH (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_MR|Motor Thalamus]])
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/474417556f95e6d518821367eef6716a.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://dev.epubbud.com/uploads/9/2/6/9263981/images/Medical_Physiology_A_Systems_Approach__1e_2011_pdf/index-187_1.jpg Motor neurons control] - see [http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Reference] (CM.CR-MN)

 CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 EAMN=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 EGMN=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 FAMN=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 FG=[[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FG|Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG]]
 IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 LT=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 MRF=[[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation,HL.RF]]
 PRF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 RD=[[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]
 VB=[[BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN|Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/2c4f43876377580a8d7d56c656b782f4.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblconn.gif Cerebellum functional divisions] - see [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Reference] (CM.CR-DECUSSATION)

 CCV=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]]
 CRP=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC]]
 CRS=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV]]
 CRV=[[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM]]
 CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 DN=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 FG=[[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FG|Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG]]
 IO=[[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]]
 IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 LT=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 PNN=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_BPN|Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN]]
 RD=[[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]
 RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 SCM=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 SCS=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]]
 SCSD=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]]
 VB=[[BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN|Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN]]
 VBG=[[BrainCenterLPC_PN_SG_VB|Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB]]
 VL=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b5905a380626f8f7f1f3ad0a2bf2762a.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou_2b.jpg Basal Ganglia Activity] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html Reference] (CM.BASAL-GANGLIA-ACTIVITY)

 GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 GPo=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 PMC=[[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]]
 PU=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 SMC=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
 SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]])
 VLo=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/787a51951a7c6888e61f26f8abdd4bd8.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1053810011000080-gr3.jpg Cortico-Cortical Connectivity] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Reference] (CL.CORTICO-CORTICAL-CONNECTIVITY)

 A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
 AA=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]]
 M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 MA=[[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]]
 PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 PTHA=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
 S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 SA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA|Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA]]
 V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
 VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/df75e61c2e90c60db0f2204bcedbc309.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438807000323-gr1.jpg Two extended parallel pathways for decision making] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438807000323 Reference] (CT.PREFRONTAL-FOR-CONSCIOUSNESS)

 DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 IT=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT|Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]]
 M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
 PM=[[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]]
 V1=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
 VLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/a8d56a31a8626a9b51e9df53332e62f3.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/visual-streams.jpg 3 Visual Cortex Paths] - see [[article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf|Reference]] (CP.BASE-VISUAL-CORTEX-FLOWS)

 IPL=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
 IPS=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS|Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS]]
 IT=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT|Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]]
 LPC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 MI=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 OCC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
 SPL=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
 dPM=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
 pre-SMA=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
 vPM=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e116df2107dad006a1b862497f056d16.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://aids.hallym.ac.kr/d/kns/tutor/ch2-nb3.jpg Sensimotor Nerves] - see [http://aids.hallym.ac.kr/d/kns/tutor/chap2-bn.html Reference] (CM.SENSIMOTOR-NERVES)

 MC=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/cc555582d55f3c21ed4a55977c8332a2.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://aids.hallym.ac.kr/d/kns/tutor/pns49.jpg Sensimotor Interactions] - see [http://aids.hallym.ac.kr/d/kns/tutor/chap2-bn.html Reference] (CM.SENSIMOTOR-INTERACTIONS)

 MC=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1f3c96217b4331700ec5af7c5aca1eae.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0896627307007118-gr4.jpg Divisions of Cortical Motor System] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627307007118 Reference] (CM.MOTOR-DIVISIONS)

 M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/fdc1f88f90128d748e06d376b5dfd4ed.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/motor-cortex.jpg Motor Cortices] (unknown reference) (CM.MOTOR-CORTICES)

 M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/854d5fed48469de318877475a8c87b70.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0893608098000471-gr6.gif Primate Control of Grasping] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Reference] (CM.GRASPING-CONTROL)

 46=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 AIP=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP|Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP]]
 BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 BTH=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
 F1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 F2=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2]]
 F4=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F4]]
 F5=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F5]]
 F6=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F6|Pre-Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F6]]
 IT=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT|Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]]
 PIP=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (see [[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS|Intraparietal Sulcus]])
 S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 S2=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 VC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
 VIP=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/a2a7d1647f97dffbf0bc8e8d275ab006.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://brainmind.com/images/Pyramidaltract.jpg Corticospinal pathway] - see [http://brainmind.com Reference] (CM.CORTICOSPINAL-PATHWAY)

 M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/409dcb03fcbc7c221c38aeef95d3d03e.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg Thalamocortical relationships] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Reference] (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS)

 A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 CM=[[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM|Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM]]
 LD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]]
 LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
 LP=[[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP]]
 MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 MGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]]
 P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
 VA=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
 VL=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]]
 VPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]]
 VPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]]
 pA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]]
 pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 pLGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
 pLP=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
 pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 pMGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
 pP=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 pVA=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
 pVL=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 pVPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 pVPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC]]
 s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 s1MD=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]]
 s1P=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]]
 s1VL=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]])
 s2MD=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR|Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR]]
 s2P=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]]
 s2VL=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 sLD=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
 sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 sVA=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see [[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH|Posterior/Dorsal Horn]])
 sVPM=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6cd03b9a92afacafcc8c5b57cffed472.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400 width=400>


= References =
(generated)

* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
* http://www.neurology.org/content/70/21/1991/F2.expansion.html
* https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988
* http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/
* http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm
* http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_06/a_06_cr/a_06_cr_mou/a_06_cr_mou.html
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438807000323
* article:Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf
* http://aids.hallym.ac.kr/d/kns/tutor/chap2-bn.html
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896627307007118
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471
* http://brainmind.com
* http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/