View source for BrainAreaNPE


<pre style="color: green">Polymodal Execution Area</pre>
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNPE]]
----

__TOC__

= Local Circuits =
(generated)

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''ID''' || '''Name''' || '''Regions'''
|-
| AES || Execution by Auditory Inputs || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|NPE.NC.BRA.PO]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|NPE.NC.BRA.PT]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_STG_PAI|NPE.NC.STG.PAI]]
|-
| GRC || Grasping Control || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_OPV|NPE.FD.TH.OPV]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP|NPE.NC.IPS.MIP]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_SA|NPE.NC.SPL.SA]]
|-
| NPS || Execution by Motion Inputs || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]]
|-
| ORV || Orienting by Visual Stimuli || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V2PL|NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3D|NPE.NC.OCC.V3D]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3V|NPE.NC.OCC.V3V]]
|-
| SEC || Subcortical Execution Control || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|NPE.FD.TH.LP]], [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]]
|}

== Execution by Auditory Inputs ==


<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NPE_AES.dot.png" alt="unavailable">

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|NPE.NC.BRA.PO]] || Broca's Area Pars Opercularis || cortex, BA 44 || NEU || Speech Engine || Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|NPE.NC.BRA.PT]] || Broca's Area Pars Triangularis || cortex, BA 45 || NEU || Language production and prefrontal associational integration, propositional<BR>language comprehension || Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus, switching<BR>between semantic sub-categories in word retrieval
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || Supramarginal Wernike Cortex || cortex, BA 40 || NEU || Phonological and articulatory processing of words || PF, Computing sound of word, tactile learning and<BR>memory
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_STG_PAI|NPE.NC.STG.PAI]] || Parainsular Area || cortex, BA 52 || NEU || Medial auditory stream || Major projects to PFC multi-modal associations,<BR>auditory to insula
|}

'''Internal Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|NPE.NC.BRA.PT]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/fig_tab/nn.2331_F5.html Cortical Auditory System (IFC44 -> IPL40, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_STG_PAI|NPE.NC.STG.PAI]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|}

'''External Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|NPE.NC.BRA.PO]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_TPC|NCP.NC.TPC]] || Temporopolar Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661312002823 Language-Related Regions (TC -> BA45, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || Medial Superior Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 Visual Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|NPE.NC.BRA.PT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|NSA.NC.STG.A3]] || Wernicke's area A3 || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/fig_tab/nn.2331_F5.html Cortical Auditory System (STS22 -> IFC45, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|NSA.NC.STG.A4]] || Wernicke's area A4 || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661312002823 Language-Related Regions (pSTC -> BA44, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]] || Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> IPL, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S2|NSA.NC.PG.S2]] || Secondary Somatosensory Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|NSA.NC.STG.A3]] || Wernicke's area A3 || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (AA -> PTHA, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|NSA.NC.STG.A4]] || Wernicke's area A4 || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/fig_tab/nn.2331_F5.html Cortical Auditory System (AC22 -> IPL40, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|NSA.NC.TTG.A1]] || Primary Auditory Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846110/ Dual Auditory Processing (A1 -> PPC, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_STG_PAI|NPE.NC.STG.PAI]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] || Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus || nucleus-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|}

'''External Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|NPE.NC.BRA.PO]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_AFEF|NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF]] || Anterior Frontal Eye Field || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/fig_tab/nn.2331_F5.html Cortical Auditory System (IFC44 -> PMC8, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846110/ Dual Auditory Processing (PPC -> DLPFC, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|NMA.NC.PMC.F4]] || Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)]
|-
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|NPE.NC.BRA.PO]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_PRF_PDT|LLC.HP.PRF.PDT]] || Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus || neocortex-nucleus || [http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Vocal Control (Broca -> RF, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|NPE.NC.BRA.PO]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HP_PRF_RPO|LRC.HP.PRF.RPO]] || Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus || neocortex-nucleus || [http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Vocal Control (Broca -> RF, abstract)]
|}

== Grasping Control ==


<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NPE_GRC.dot.png" alt="unavailable">

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_OPV|NPE.FD.TH.OPV]] || Oral Pulvinar || nucleus || NEU || Somatosensory functions || Thalamus, connected with parietal cortex, anterior<BR>pulvinar
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP|NPE.NC.IPS.MIP]] || Medial Intraparietal Sulcus || cortex, BA 39 || NEU || Encode location of reach target in nose-centered coordinates ||
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || Rostral Precuneus || cortex, BA 07 || NEU || Spatial orientation, representation of the self || rostral, 7B=PF, heavy somatosensory input
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_SA|NPE.NC.SPL.SA]] || Somatosensory Association Cortex || cortex, BA 05 || NPU || Locating objects in space || PE, somatosensory, guiding movement by providing<BR>information about limb position
|}

'''Internal Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_OPV|NPE.FD.TH.OPV]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || nucleus-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)]
|}

'''External Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_SA|NPE.NC.SPL.SA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F7|NMA.NC.PMC.F7]] || Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (MA -> SA, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_OPV|NPE.FD.TH.OPV]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || Caudal Precuneus || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_OPV|NPE.FD.TH.OPV]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|NSA.NC.PG.S1]] || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference)
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP|NPE.NC.IPS.MIP]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO|NSA.NC.IT.TEO]] || Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IT -> IPS, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]] || Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Parietal Association Cortex (VIP -> 7b)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S2|NSA.NC.PG.S2]] || Secondary Somatosensory Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_SA|NPE.NC.SPL.SA]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_PV|NSA.NC.PG.PV]] || Parietal Ventral Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|-
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_SA|NPE.NC.SPL.SA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_RIL|FEC.FD.TH.RIL]] || Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus || nucleus-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|}

'''External Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP|NPE.NC.IPS.MIP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]] || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]] || Retrosplenial Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_SA|NPE.NC.SPL.SA]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|NCP.NC.INS.PIC]] || Posterior Insular Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_SA|NPE.NC.SPL.SA]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM]] || Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (SA -> PFC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_SA|NPE.NC.SPL.SA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP|NPE.NC.IPS.MIP]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || Caudal Precuneus || neocortex-neocortex || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> SPL, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PO_PCC|NSA.NC.PO.PCC]] || Precentral Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference)
|-
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|NPE.NC.SPL.PF]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|FMM.FD.TH.LD]] || Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus || neocortex-nucleus || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (sLD -> LD, abstract)]
|}

== Execution by Motion Inputs ==


<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NPE_NPS.dot.png" alt="unavailable">

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]] || Medial Pulvinar || nucleus || NEU || Integration of associative cortical information and projects to<BR>visuomotor-related cortex || CG, PMC, PFC connections
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || Medial Superior Temporal Area || cortex, BA 39 || NEU || Image stabilization, predictive target tracking || PG, Ventro-dorsal stream
|}

'''Internal Region Connections:'''
* no connections

'''External Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_IPV|NSA.FD.TH.IPV]] || Inferior Pulvinar || nucleus-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|NSA.NC.OCC.MT]] || Middle Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> MST)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|NSA.NC.OCC.PO]] || Parietooccipital Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (PO -> MST)]
|-
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_TH_PT|FAM.FD.TH.PT]] || Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> mPULV, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER|FMM.NC.PH.PER]] || Perirhinal Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (Perirhinal -> mPULV)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PRS|FMM.NC.PH.PRS]] || Presubiculum || neocortex-nucleus || [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (Presub -> mPULV)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|LPC.FD.RT]] || Retina || ganglion-nucleus || [http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html Retina and superior colliculus targets (Retina -> Pulvinar, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PTA|LRC.MM.PT.PTA]] || Anterior Pretectum Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_SL|LRC.MM.PT.SL]] || Sublentiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
|}

'''External Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]] || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]] || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763409002061 Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> PosteriorCingulate, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL]] || Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL]] || Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR]] || Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (PTHA -> PFC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|NMA.NC.PMC.F4]] || Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|NPE.NC.IPL.SMW]] || Supramarginal Wernike Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 Visual Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || Caudal Precuneus || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)]
|-
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA3D|FMM.FT.HC.CA3D]] || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || neocortex-allocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763409002061 Contribution of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> CA1, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR|FMM.NC.PH.POR]] || Postrhinal Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (PC -> PRHC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|LRC.MM.SC.SUP]] || Superficial Superior Colliculus || neocortex-nucleus || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)]
|}

== Orienting by Visual Stimuli ==


<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NPE_ORV.dot.png" alt="unavailable">

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]] || Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus || cortex, BA 39 || NEU || Representing saliency of spatial locations, and attention to locations || Targeting eye movements
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V2PL|NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL]] || Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe || cortex || NEU || Extract form features ||
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3D|NPE.NC.OCC.V3D]] || Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex || cortex || NEU || Processing of global motion, orientation ||
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3V|NPE.NC.OCC.V3V]] || Ventral Associative Visual Cortex || cortex || NEU || Processing of dynamic shapes ||
|}

'''Internal Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V2PL|NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3V|NPE.NC.OCC.V3V]] || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V2 -> V3, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3D|NPE.NC.OCC.V3D]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]] || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Primate Control of Grasping (VC -> PIP, abstract)]
|}

'''External Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|NSA.NC.OCC.MT]] || Middle Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> LIP)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|NSA.NC.OCC.PO]] || Parietooccipital Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Parietal Association Cortex (V6 -> LIP)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V2PL|NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (V1 -> VA, abstract)]
|}

'''External Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_CFEF|NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF]] || Caudal Frontal Eye Field || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.cixip.com/index.php/page/content/id/1190 Summary of eye movement control (PEF -> FEF, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F7|NMA.NC.PMC.F7]] || Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP|NSA.NC.IPS.AIP]] || Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471 Primate Control of Grasping (PIP -> AIP, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3D|NPE.NC.OCC.V3D]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|NSA.NC.OCC.MT]] || Middle Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> MT, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|NSA.NC.OCC.PO]] || Parietooccipital Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> PO, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3V|NPE.NC.OCC.V3V]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V4D|NSA.NC.OCC.V4D]] || Dorsal Visual Area V4 || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> V4, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V4V|NSA.NC.OCC.V4V]] || Ventral Visual Area V4 || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> V4, abstract)]
|-
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_CJ|LRC.MM.CJ]] || Cajal Nucleus || neocortex-nucleus || [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_RIMLF|LRC.MM.RIMLF]] || Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF || neocortex-nucleus || [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Vision Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|LRC.MM.SC.SUP]] || Superficial Superior Colliculus || neocortex-nucleus || [http://www.cixip.com/index.php/page/content/id/1190 Summary of eye movement control (PEF -> SC, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3D|NPE.NC.OCC.V3D]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_CJ|LRC.MM.CJ]] || Cajal Nucleus || neocortex-nucleus || [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_RIMLF|LRC.MM.RIMLF]] || Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF || neocortex-nucleus || [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Eye blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)]
|}

== Subcortical Execution Control ==


<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NPE_SEC.dot.png" alt="unavailable">

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|NPE.FD.TH.LP]] || Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus || NEU || Visual association cortex || From superior colliculus, pretectum
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || Caudal Precuneus || cortex, BA 07 || NEU || Controlling spatially guided behavior with respect to visual and tactile<BR>information || caudal, 7A=PG+Opt
|}

'''Internal Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|NPE.FD.TH.LP]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || nucleus-neocortex || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (LP -> pLP, abstract)]
|}

'''External Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|NPE.NC.IPL.MST]] || Medial Superior Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP|NPE.NC.IPS.MIP]] || Medial Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> SPL, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]] || Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (VIP -> 7a)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|NSA.NC.OCC.MT]] || Middle Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Parietal Association Cortex (V5A -> 7a)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|NSA.NC.OCC.PO]] || Parietooccipital Area || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Parietal Association Cortex (V6 -> 7a)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|NSA.NC.PG.S1]] || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html McNaughton Spatial Processing Network (SomSensCortex -> PosteriorParietalCortex)]
|-
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|NPE.FD.TH.LP]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DL|FEC.FT.GPI.DL]] || Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|NPE.FD.TH.LP]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PTA|LRC.MM.PT.PTA]] || Anterior Pretectum Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_SL|LRC.MM.PT.SL]] || Sublentiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|LRC.MM.SC.SUP]] || Superficial Superior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (sLP -> LP, abstract)]
|}

'''External Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||
|-
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]] || Retrosplenial Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html McNaughton Spatial Processing Network (PosteriorParietalCortex -> PCGRSP, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/Biological/2008-dorsal-stream.pdf 3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
|-
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_SEF|NMA.NC.SMC.SEF]] || Supplementary Eye Field || neocortex-neocortex || [http://thebrainlabs.com/brain.shtml Movement Planning (PPC -> SMC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|NPE.NC.SPL.PG]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_OPV|NPE.FD.TH.OPV]] || Oral Pulvinar || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference)
|}

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0166223697010679-gr6.gif Parietal Association Cortex] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679 Reference]

<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0166223697010679-gr6.gif" alt="unavailable">

* [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Reference]

<img src="http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg" alt="unavailable">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1053810011000080-gr3.jpg Cortico-Cortical Connectivity] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Reference]

<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1053810011000080-gr3.jpg" alt="unavailable">

* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/images/nrn726-f3.jpg McNaughton Spatial Processing Network] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html Reference]

<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/images/nrn726-f3.jpg" alt="unavailable">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0006899301025987-gr1.gif Horizontal saccades and smooth pursuit movements] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987 Reference]

<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0006899301025987-gr1.gif" alt="unavailable">

* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference]

<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg" alt="unavailable">

* [http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg Oculomotor decision-making] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Reference]

<img src="http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg" alt="unavailable">

* [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg Visual Dorsal Pathway] - see [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 Reference]

<img src="http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg" alt="unavailable">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0028393205003568-gr1.jpg Postero-lateral and medial views of hemisphere of human] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393205003568 Reference]

<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0028393205003568-gr1.jpg" alt="unavailable">

* [http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.medium.gif IPL Receptors] - see [http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.expansion.html Reference]

<img src="http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.medium.gif" alt="unavailable">

* [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.large.jpg Contributions of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory] - see [http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html Reference]

<img src="http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.large.jpg" alt="unavailable">

* [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg Thalamocortical relationships] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Reference]

<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg" alt="unavailable"height=400width=400>


= References =
(generated)

* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679
* http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
* http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393205003568
* http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.expansion.html
* http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html
* http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/