View source for BrainRegionNCP FD TH VPM

<pre style="color: green">Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus</pre>
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNCP]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM]]
----

This page covers biological details of component Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

* '''Top-down path to region''': Forebrain Diencephalon -> Thalamus (FD.TH) -> [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]] (FD.TH.SR) -> Ventral Posterior Nuclei (NSA.FD.TH.VP) -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPM) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
* '''Type''': nucleus
* '''Quality''': L0
* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNCP|Neocortical Brain - Conscious Personality Area]] (NCP)
* '''Area circuit''': Body Senses Relay (CBS)
* '''Role''': thalamic.sensory.primary
* '''Function''': Relays somatic information from face to S1
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


'''Component items''':
* '''Parvicellular Part of Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus'''
* '''Principal Part of Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus'''

= Connectivity =
(generated)


http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NCP.FD.TH.VPM.dot.png

'''Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|LPC.HL.SOL]] || Solitary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (sVPM -> VPM)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] || Principal Trigeminal Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Trigeminal+Nucleilang=1 Trigeminal Nuclei (CSN -> VPM)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|LPC.HT.PRF.PB]] || Parabrachial Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque (PB -> VPMpc)]
|}

'''Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|NCP.NC.INS.PIC]] || Posterior Insular Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> INS, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|NCP.NC.PG.S1]] || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://users.atw.hu/blp6/BLP6/HTML/C0079780323045827.htm Pain matrix (TH.VPM -> S1)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2|NCP.NC.PG.S2]] || Secondary Somatosensory Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Afferent pain pathways (Thalamus -> S2, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC|NCP.NC.PO.PCC]] || Precentral Cortex || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Thalamocortical relationships (VPM -> pVPM)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_STG_PAI|NPE.NC.STG.PAI]] || Parainsular Area || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference)
|}

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

* [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg Thalamocortical relationships] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Reference] (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS)

 A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 CM=[[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM|Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM]]
 LD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]]
 LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
 LP=[[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP]]
 MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 MGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]]
 P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
 VA=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
 VL=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]]
 VPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]]
 VPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]]
 pA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]]
 pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 pLGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
 pLP=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
 pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 pMGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
 pP=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 pVA=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
 pVL=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
 pVPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 pVPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC]]
 s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 s1MD=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]]
 s1P=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]]
 s1VL=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]])
 s2MD=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR|Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR]]
 s2P=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]]
 s2VL=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 sLD=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
 sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 sVA=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see [[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH|Posterior/Dorsal Horn]])
 sVPM=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6cd03b9a92afacafcc8c5b57cffed472.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400 width=400>

* [http://users.atw.hu/blp6/BLP6/HTML/common/M9780323045827-007-f005.jpg Pain matrix] - see [http://users.atw.hu/blp6/BLP6/HTML/C0079780323045827.htm Reference] (CF.SOMATOSENSORY-THALAMUS)

 INS=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
 S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 TH.VPI=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI]]
 TH.VPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]]
 TH.VPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/af336eed43e17a682f0968e45385ff7e.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg Afferent pain pathways] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Reference] (CF.PAIN-PATH)

 ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 Cerebellum=[[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]]
 Insula=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 S2=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2|Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2]]
 SC=[[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH|Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH]]
 Thalamus=[[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/efdfc437211a8a58c0e2fdfb40cbfe3c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)

 ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]])
 HT.PV=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]]
 INS=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]]
 MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 PUT=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]]
 SOL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
 TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e212b5f27aa77f69673ce0cb4ce84428.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.dartmouth.edu/~rswenson/NeuroSci/figures/Figure_16_files/image002.jpg Trigeminal Nuclei] - see [http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Trigeminal+Nucleilang=1 Reference] (CP.TRIGEMINAL-NUCLEI)

 CSN=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]]
 EYE=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]]
 STR=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
 VPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/8f799fbea59620bf6995c17e1f8b6257.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0149763401000215-gr4a.gif Gustatory sensory system of rat and macaque] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215 Reference] (CP.GUSTATORY-OLFACTORY)

 EnP=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF|Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF]]
 Gud=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 Gug=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 HF=[[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF]]
 IadIap=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 Iav=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 NST=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
 PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 PiR=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR|Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR]]
 PrC=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER|Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER]]
 VPMpc=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0726d6001c4b963d1076893e7995f9fe.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


= References =
(generated)

* http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
* http://users.atw.hu/blp6/BLP6/HTML/C0079780323045827.htm
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
* http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Trigeminal+Nucleilang=1
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763401000215