View source for MindTractsAT

<pre style="color: green">Biological Mind Tracts</pre>
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[MindTracts]] -> [[MindTractsAT]]

http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/bio-research.jpg
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This page is intended to describe set of ascending tracts

__TOC__

= Tract Details =
(generated)

TRACT SET: '''Ascending Tracts'''

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/f791ced097cf2f3c858cd7264ff0ca93.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


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=== ALS - anterolateral system ===
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system
* function:conveys pain, temperature (protopathic sensation), and crude touch from the periphery to the brain


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==== SLS - spinolimbic system ====
* external: 
* function:connect spinal cord with limbic structures


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===== SHTT - spinohypothalamic tract =====
* external: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771
* function:provide nociceptive information to a variety of nuclei throughout the diencephalon and brainstem bilaterally
* comments: nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles
* notes to function: 
** nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles
* generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {hypothalamus}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/cce96eff8b86234ebfb83421465ecb7d.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''SHT.HT.AHT''': affect appetite, autonomic and homeostatic functions, and related motivational and affective responses to autonomic function (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH|Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH]]
* path '''SHT.HT.DM''': affect blood pressure, heart rate (pain fibers to dorsomedial nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
* path '''SHT.HT.LT''': affect thirst and hunger (pain fibers to lateral nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT ([[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.TBM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|Premammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PRM))
* path '''SHT.HT.SCN''': affect 24-hour rhythms (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]]
* path '''SHT.HT.SO''': affect blood volume or blood pressure  (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO|Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO]]
* path '''SHT.LLSN''': lower pain, temperature for ANS (lower pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
* path '''SHT.ULSN''': upper pain, temperature for ANS (upper pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]


----
===== SMST - spinomesencephalic tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray
* function:ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG
* generic path: {MG nucleus} -> {PAG, MRF}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6f353d9821ba106f11ff8fb31c5fc2c5.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''SMT.LPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
* path '''SMT.UPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]


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===== SST - spinosolitary tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract
* function:central transmission of visceronoceptive messages
* comments: visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input
* notes to function: 
** visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input
* generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {solitary nucleus}

'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''SST''': autonomic regulation of of stress response to painful visceral stimuli (pain fibers to solitary nucleus to parabrachial nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
* path '''SST.LLSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
* path '''SST.ULSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]


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==== SRS - spinoreticular system ====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract
* function:automatic responses to pain


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===== SMRT - spinomedulloreticular tract =====
* external: 
* function:automatic responses to pain
* generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0d7e3e1122c3bedc43ed47d7d9f250c8.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''SRT.MEDL''': lower automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (lower viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]
* path '''SRT.MEDU''': upper automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (upper viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]


----
===== SPRT - spinopontoreticular tract =====
* external: 
* function:automatic responses to pain
* generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0d7e3e1122c3bedc43ed47d7d9f250c8.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''SRT.LVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (lower crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
* path '''SRT.UVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (upper crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]


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===== STCT - spinotectal tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract
* function:spinovisual reflexes; head/eye movement toward stimulus source
* comments: arises in the anterolateral column
* notes to function: 
** arises in the anterolateral column
* generic path: {free nerve endings; crude touch, temperature, pain} -> {inferior and superior colliculi}

'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''STCT''': Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli (crude touch to nucleus proprius to superior colliculus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]]


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==== STS - spinothalamic system ====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract
* function:transmits pain mainly from the peripheral slow-chronic type C pain fibers; transmits information to thalamus about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch
* comments: conscious; cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices
* notes to function: 
** conscious
**  cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices


----
===== ASTT - anterior spinothalamic tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract
* synonyms: paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract
* function:pain, temperature, light touch (tactile sensibility), two-point discrimination, stereognosis
* generic path: {skin - slow pain, temperature, slightly tactile} -> {BA 3,1,2}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/74184e9441158f8891170016e092506e.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''ASTTL''': lower slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
* path '''ASTTU''': upper slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]


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===== LSTT - lateral spinothalamic tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract
* synonyms: neospinothalamic tract
* function:pain, temperature
* generic path: {body pain, temperature, crude touch} -> {BA 3,1,2}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/90b974e21d6b8347067b4c807f5db038.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''LSTT.MD''': lower body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
* path '''LSTT.UMD''': upper body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
* path '''LSTTL''': lower body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]]
* path '''LSTTL.VPI''': lower body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
* path '''LSTTU''': upper body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]]
* path '''LSTTU.VPI''': upper body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]


----
==== TTS - trigeminothalamic system ====
* external: http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html
* function:all somatosensory submodalities from head

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/17624ff27778a1ae6603674dfce88422.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>



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===== ATTT - anterior trigeminothalamic tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract
* synonyms: ventral trigeminothalamic tract
* function:awareness of the exact location of the painful stimulus; pain, temperature, and crude touch pathway
* generic path: {face, head and neck} -> {SI - BA 1,2}

'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''TTT.GNG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves VII to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_GNG|Geniculate Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.GNG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
* path '''TTT.JUG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves IX,X to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG|Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
* path '''TTT.NOD''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves X to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_NOD|Nodose Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.NOD]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
* path '''TTT.TRG''': nociceptors (head, face and intraoral structures nociceptors to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
* path '''TTT.VPM''': nociceptors (spinal trigeminal nucleus to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]


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===== DTTT - dorsal trigeminal tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract
* synonyms: dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus
* function:immediate awareness of a painful sensation; pressure and tactile discrimination sensation
* generic path: {head MC,PC} -> {SII - BA 40,43}

'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''DTT''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]]
* path '''DTT.MD''': pain, temperature for reward (marginal nucleus to frontal lobe) - [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
* path '''DTT.PF''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex) - [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_PF|Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.PF]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC]]
* path '''DTT.VPI''': pain, temperature for emotion (marginal nucleus to insula) - [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]


----
=== MLS - medial lemniscus system ===
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus
* function:transmits touch, vibration sense, proprioception data

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/46715f2522fd2d9c07aece3795385bd5.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">



----
==== PCS - posterior column system ====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway
* synonyms: dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon
* function:two point discrimination (fine touch, fine pressure - MC), pressure (deep receptors - PC), vibration (PC), conscious proprioception (MS)
* comments: alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious; discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively
* notes to function: 
** alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious
**  discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/68be391f7889b086054af242f56291d5.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>



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===== FCT - fasciculus cuneatus tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus
* synonyms: tract of Burdach
* function:upper body well-localized discriminative proprioception, fine touch
* comments: muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes); thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
* notes to function: 
** muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes)
**  thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
* generic path: {upper trunk, forelimb deep structures and skin} -> {neocortex BA 3b, lateral}

'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''PCT.CUL''': conscious sensations of neck, trunk, and extremities (neck (C4), trunk (T1-T6), and extremities - arms (C5-T2) to S1 lateral) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
* path '''PCT.CUM''': conscious sensations of head (geniohyoid (C1), head top (C2), head back above neck (C3) to S1 medial) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]


----
===== FGT - fasciculus gracilis tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus
* synonyms: tract of Goll
* function:lower body well-localized discriminative fine touch
* comments: sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices; mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)
* notes to function: 
** sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices
**  mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)
* generic path: {lower body, muscle afferents} -> {somatosensory cortex}

'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''PCT.GRL''': epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from lower body (receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX to neocortex BA 3b, medial) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_GR|Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]


----
==== SCVT - spinocervical tract ====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway
* synonyms: Morin's tract
* function:static position, Ruffini endings
* comments: thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
* notes to function: 
** thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
* generic path: {receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX} -> {somatosensory cortex}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/9c1b128a3765e88657e80ff6af9b80aa.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''SCVT''': tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]]
* path '''SCVT.PAG''': alerts about presence of cutaneous stimuli that might represent danger, necessitating flight (cutaneous stimuli to PAG) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
* path '''SCVT.VPL''': four-neuron, fast-conducting, tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]


----
=== SCS - spinocerebellar system ===
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract
* function:spinal cord to cerebellum


----
==== DSCS - direct spinocerebellar system ====
* external: 
* function:spinal cord nuclei to cerebellum
* comments: lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts; upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract
* notes to function: 
** lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts
**  upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/bf2857e9acad7f548fbdffaad851c7d4.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>



----
===== CSCT - cuneocerebellar tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers
* function:relay information about limb position and movement to the cerebellum
* comments: upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract
* notes to function: 
** upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract
* generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, vermis and paravermis of the ipsilateral posterior lobe}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7a94b6ad78db3e8ea0f26d97d1d8af46.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''CSCT''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (upper limb muscles to accessory cuneate nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_ACU|Accessory Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.ACU]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))


----
===== DSCT - dorsal spinocerebellar tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract
* synonyms: posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract
* function:conveys proprioceptive information from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles and joints to the cerebellum
* comments: ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information
* notes to function: 
** ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information
* generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors, cutaneous receptors, lower limbs, below L3} -> {cerebellum, mainly ipsilateral anterior lobe}

'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''DSCTL''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
* path '''DSCTU''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))


----
===== RSCT - rostral spinocerebellar tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract
* function:transmits information from the golgi tendon organs of the cranial half of the body to the cerebellum
* comments: upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract
* notes to function: 
** upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract
* generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, anterior lobe}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/a6dd788dc0b0d529ea448c19b668a2f7.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''RSCT''': proprioceptive information (upper limb muscles to centrobasalis nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))


----
===== VSCT - ventral spinocerebellar tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract
* synonyms: anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract
* function:conveys information about postural stability of the lower limbs to cerebellum
* comments: bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration; from nucleus proprius
* notes to function: 
** bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration
**  from nucleus proprius
* generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, trunk, C8-L3} -> {cerebellum}

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/bcbea68113ab08de2ccbcadaa7e3900c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>


'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''VSCTL''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
* path '''VSCTU''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))


----
==== SMTS - spinometencephalic system ====
* external: 
* function:spinal cord to intermediate nucleus to cerebellum

<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0b74c18570d5ccd17189e512ae8fc18a.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>



----
===== SOT - spinoolivary tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract
* synonyms: Helwegs tract
* function:automatic movements of head, neck and upper limb
* generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}

'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''SOT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
* path '''SOT.NPR''': proprioception to cerebellum (muscle spindles and Golgi tendons to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))


----
===== SVT - spinovestibular tract =====
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract
* function:information from cutaneous and proprioceptive organs to CR
* generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}

'''Tract path details:'''
* path '''SVT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to vestibular nucleus to cerebellum; C1-C4) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_IVBN|Inferior Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.IVBN]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))