Difference between revisions of "BrainPictures"

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== Biological Paths ==
 
== Biological Paths ==
  
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_fasciculus|neural pathway connecting the posterior part of the temporoparietal junction with the frontal cortex]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcuate_fasciculus neural pathway connecting the posterior part of the temporoparietal junction with the frontal cortex]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway|sensory pathway transmitting fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebral cortex]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway sensory pathway transmitting fine touch, vibration and conscious proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebral cortex]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinothalamic_tract|sensory pathway originating in the spinal cord and transmitting pain, temperature, itch and crude touch to the thalamus]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinothalamic_tract sensory pathway originating in the spinal cord and transmitting pain, temperature, itch and crude touch to the thalamus]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract|pathway arising from motor area of the cerebral cortex and controlling movement of ipsilateral limbs]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract pathway arising from motor area of the cerebral cortex and controlling movement of ipsilateral limbs]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract|pathway, conducting voluntary motor impulses from primary motor cortex to the motor centers of the cord]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract pathway, conducting voluntary motor impulses from primary motor cortex to the motor centers of the cord]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract|pathway connecting the cerebral cortex to the medulla in brainstem, controlling muscles of the face, head and neck]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract pathway connecting the cerebral cortex to the medulla in brainstem, controlling muscles of the face, head and neck]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum|pathway connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitating interhemispheric communication]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum pathway connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres and facilitating interhemispheric communication]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocortical_pathway|pathway connecting ventral tegmentum to frontal cerebral cortex, involved in motivation and emotional response]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocortical_pathway pathway connecting ventral tegmentum to frontal cerebral cortex, involved in motivation and emotional response]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolimbic_pathway|pathway begins in midbrain and connects to striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolimbic_pathway pathway begins in midbrain and connects to striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrostriatal_pathway|pathway connecting substantia nigra with striatum, involved in production of movement]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrostriatal_pathway pathway connecting substantia nigra with striatum, involved in production of movement]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberoinfundibular_pathway|intra-hypothalamus pathway, involved in regulation of lactation, menstrual cycle, vision, blood flow and sexual functions]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberoinfundibular_pathway intra-hypothalamus pathway, involved in regulation of lactation, menstrual cycle, vision, blood flow and sexual functions]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_stream|ventral stream travels to the temporal lobe and is involved with object identification]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_stream ventral stream travels to the temporal lobe and is involved with object identification]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_stream|dorsal stream stretches from the primary visual cortex (V1) in the occipital lobe forward into the parietal lobe]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_stream dorsal stream stretches from the primary visual cortex (V1) in the occipital lobe forward into the parietal lobe]
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* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papez_circuit|Papez circuit, one of major pathways of limbic system and is involved in cortical control of emotion]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papez_circuit Papez circuit, one of major pathways of limbic system and is involved in cortical control of emotion]
  
  
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Operating of the mind as a whole. Mind parts.
 
Operating of the mind as a whole. Mind parts.
  
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* [[http://www.humanneurophysiology.com/imageshypothalami/fig-12.gif|From Cortex to Old Brain]]
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* [http://www.humanneurophysiology.com/imageshypothalami/fig-12.gif From Cortex to Old Brain]
  
 
http://www.humanneurophysiology.com/imageshypothalami/fig-12.gif
 
http://www.humanneurophysiology.com/imageshypothalami/fig-12.gif

Revision as of 10:21, 17 June 2015

Neocortex Research

Home -> BrainPictures

Biological Overview

Biological Hierarchy

Links to Common Terms

top.jpg

  • head
    • sensors
    • sensor data tract
    • sensor control tract
    • brain
  • body (spinal cord)
    • effectors
    • body feeling components
    • body feeling data tract
    • body feeling modulation tract
    • effectors control tract
    • effectors feedback tract
    • effectors feeling tract

Biological Model

Biological Module View

modules.jpg

Modules are defined as follows:

Module and allocated areas Functions Flows

Head Sensors Area (HSA)

  • Owned Functions
    • capture events from external world
    • capture static data from external world
    • expressing sensing behaviour
  • Involved in Functions
    • perceptions of various modalities
    • pay attention to selected area / overt attention
    • tracking objects / covert attention
    • saccadic perception / covert attention
  • Inbound
    • (External World) -> sensor data
    • PCA -> BSA -> low-level sensory control in perception
    • ACA -> BSA -> attention area selection
  • Outbound
    • sensory data -> BSA
    • perception control feedback -> THA -> PCA
    • attention sensor control feedback -> THA -> ACA
    • sensory state expression -> (External World)

Thalamus Area (THA)

  • diencephalon
    • thalamus
    • hypothalamus
  • limbic system
    • septal nuclei
  • Owned Functions
    • visceral control center of the body
    • relaying sensation, spatial sense and motor signals to the cerebral cortex
    • regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness
    • control memory, attention and alertness
    • controller of theta rhythm
  • Involved in Functions
    • effector control system
    • perceptions of various modalities
    • cortical regulation of the thalamic activity
    • modulatory, life support and the sleep/wake cycle
    • attention, planning, organization
    • abstract thinking, multi-tasking and active memory
  • Relay
    • BSA -> sensor data -> PCA
    • BSA -> sensor data (lateral posterior nucleus, pulvinar) -> HCA
    • BSA -> perception (intralaminar) -> BGA
    • BSA -> cerebellum effector control feedback -> ACA
    • BSA -> body sensations -> ACA
    • BSA -> pain -> PCA
    • HCA -> alerts, (anterior/medial nuclei) -> ACA
    • BGA -> sensory data (ventral posterolateral/posteromedial nucleus) -> ACA
    • BGA -> striatum effector control feedback -> ACA
  • Reciprocal
    • PCA -> (medial nuclei) -> PCA
    • HCA -> (anterior nuclei) -> HCA
    • ACA -> (medial nuclei) -> ACA

Anterior Cortex Area (ACA)

  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
    • primary somatosensory cortex
  • limbic system
    • cingulate cortex
      • anterior cingulate cortex
  • Owned Functions
    • self-consciousness / personality / identity
    • top-level complex planning / imagination
    • inhibition control
    • model of good ideal behaviour / morality
    • top-level patterned effector actions
    • cortex individual effector actions and sensor control
    • top-level error and conflict detection
    • guide task selection
    • monitor progress
    • basic sensations of the body
    • working memory
  • Involved in Functions
    • sensory integration
    • representing the affective value of reinforcers
    • decision-making
  • Inbound
    • BGA -> THA -> sensory data
    • PCA -> perception data
    • HCA -> past experience
    • HCA -> reward signals (orbitomedial PFC)
    • BSA -> THA -> body senses
    • THA -> bioregulatory responses
  • Outbound
    • current converged sensory input (pcf) -> HCA
    • motor/behavioral commands -> PCA
    • reward, feedback to bias flow along expectation -> PCA
    • motor control -> BSA
    • anti-inhibitory emotional context -> BGA
    • inhibitory emotional context -> BGA
    • guidance of movement -> BGA
    • (premotor) -> THA

Posterior Cortex Area (PCA)

  • occipital lobe
  • parietal lobe
    • superior parietal lobule
    • inferior parietal lobule
    • intraparietal sulcus
    • general interpretation area
  • limbic system
    • cingulate cortex
      • posterior cingulate cortex
  • Owned Functions
    • body sensations relationships / body image
    • opinions
    • simple specific sensor spatial primitives
    • intermediate specific sensor spatial and temporal patterns
    • object representation from specific sensor
    • episodic memory, emotion, navigation, resting
  • Involved in Functions
    • semantics
    • reading both in regards to meaning and phonology
    • guidance of limb and eye movement
  • Inbound
    • HSA -> BSA -> THA -> sensory data
    • HSA -> BSA -> THA -> sensory perception control feedback
    • HCA -> THA -> long-term memory sequences
    • BSA -> THA -> pain
    • ACA -> reward, feedback to bias flow along expectation
  • Outbound
    • sensory data -> HCA
    • associations -> THA -> ACA
    • guide saccadic perception -> BSA -> HSA
    • feelings -> ACA

Hippocampus Area (HCA)

  • temporal lobe
  • limbic system
    • hippocampus
    • fornix
  • Owned Functions
    • specific sensor perception and memory
    • working memory
    • autobiographical/declarative/episodic memories
    • formation and storing spatial declarative memory
    • encoding and recognition of scenes, spatial relations
    • detection of novel events, places and stimuli, spatial coding
    • distinguishing multiple instances of similar events, multiple visits to the same location
    • emotional and affective state
    • distinguishing stress and depression
    • assigning stimuli to categorical classes
    • habits, visceral sensations
  • Involved in Functions
    • memory consolidation
    • memory optimization in sleep
    • recognition and identification of environmental stimuli
  • Inbound
    • PCA -> primary and secondary sensory perception
    • PCA -> polymodal/associative sensory perception
    • ACA -> converged sensory input
    • BSA -> sensory input (hierarchical sensory pathway)
    • THA -> emotional stimulus
    • THA -> modulatory inputs
    • THA (septum) -> (fornix) -> initiation of hippocampal thata-rithm
  • Outbound
    • sensory association -> BGA
    • reward signals -> ACA
    • past experience -> ACA
    • mismatch signal (to raise ACh in HC to facilitate encoding) -> THA (septum)
    • match signal (to attenuate ACh in HC to facilitate retrieval) -> THA (septum)

Basal Ganglia Area (BGA)

  • limbic system
    • basal ganglia
    • amygdala
  • Owned Functions
    • starting, stopping and monitoring movement
    • inhibit unnecessary movement
    • planning and modulation of actions, regulate actions
    • reward, pleasure, addiction, fear
    • reward and incentive motivation
    • acquisition and maintenance of a new strategy
    • mediate learning about irrelevant stimuli
    • action selection
    • block slow thinking
    • quick threat assessment
    • signalling cortex of motivationally significant stimuli
  • Involved in Functions
    • learning and memory system
    • influence various types of learning
  • Inbound
    • ACA -> anti-inhibitory emotional context
    • ACA -> inhibitory emotional context
    • HCA -> sensory association
  • Outbound
    • regulation -> ACA
    • cognition -> ACA
    • instant actions -> BSA
    • sensory data (auditory, dorsal auditory pathway) -> PCA

Brain Stem Area (BSA)

  • brain stem
  • cerebellum
  • Owned Functions
    • autonomic behavior, autonomic, involuntary functions
    • integrate sensors and effectors for precise timing of actions
    • maintain wakefulness and attention
    • modulation of outbound effectors information
    • preliminary specific sensor processing
    • complex actions, sequential thinking
    • attention, coordination, precision, and accurate timing
    • inhibits neuronal maturation
  • Involved in Functions
    • control of specific sensor
    • many unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways
    • sensor control, effector planning
    • reward seeking, learning, and addiction
    • sleep, equilibrium, sensor control, expressing emotions
    • control actions power and coordination of multiple actions
    • control cerebellum/basal ganglia/neocortex effector actions
    • planning actions
  • Inbound
    • TBD
  • Outbound
    • TBD

Spinal Cord Area (SCA) (Body)

  • spinal cord
  • (peripheral nervous system)
  • Owned Functions
    • body feeling
    • affect general body state
    • generating proprioceptive information
    • conveys inconscient proprioceptive information
  • Involved in Functions
    • activate effectors
    • distal effector actions
  • Inbound
    • TBD
  • Outbound
    • TBD

Biological Paths


Biological Life Pictures

Operating of the mind as a whole. Mind parts.

fig-12.gif

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