Revision as of 10:28, 17 June 2015

Muscles of Human Head

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This page is intended to list all muscles of biological human in the head area. Related findings are structured by other research themes.

Coverage verified by:

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Muscular_system
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_muscles_of_the_human_body
• https://www.msu.edu/user/vosskurt/Miscellaneous%20pages/musnvrt.htm

TARGET.TEA.FACE

Face

(generated)

• Face - depressor anguli oris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch}; ACTION={depresses angle of mouth}
• Face - depressor labii inferioris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch}; ACTION={depress the lower lip}
• Face - levator anguli oris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={smile (elevates angle of mouth)}
• Face - levator labii superioris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, zygomatic branch}; ACTION={elevates the upper lip}
• Face - mentalis muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch}; ACTION={elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip}
• Face - orbicularis oris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={pucker the lips}
• Face - risorius muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={draw back angle of mouth}
• Face - transverse muscle of the chin; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch}; ACTION={assist with pulling the lower lip downward and help to tighten the skin over the chin}
• Zygomatic muscles
  • Face - zygomaticus minor muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={elevates upper lip}
  • Zygomaticus major muscle
    • Face - zygomaticus major muscle, buccal; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={draws angle of mouth upward and laterally}
    • Face - zygomaticus major muscle, proper; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, zygomatic branch}; ACTION={draws angle of mouth upward and laterally}

Endocrine

(generated)

• Endocrine - pancreas; ACTION={prepare the body for a meal}
  • Endocrine - pancreas, parasympathetic; TYPE={gland}; NERVES={vagus nerve, celiac branch}; ACTION={release parathyroid hormones into blood}
  • Endocrine - pancreas, sympathetic; TYPE={gland}; NERVES={greater thoracic splanchnic nerve}; ACTION={release parathyroid hormones into blood}
• Endocrine - parathyroid gland; TYPE={gland}; NERVES={middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches}; ACTION={release parathyroid hormones into blood}
• Endocrine - pituitary gland; TYPE={gland}; ACTION={Release hormones by request from HT}
• Endocrine - thyroid gland; TYPE={gland}; NERVES={middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches}; ACTION={release thyroid hormones into blood}

Scalp/Eyelid

(generated)

• Eye - lacrimal gland; TYPE={gland}; NERVES={petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland}; ACTION={secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film}
• Face - corrugator supercilii muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, temporal branch}; ACTION={wrinkles forehead}
• Face - depressor supercilii muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, zygomatic branch}; ACTION={depression of eyebrow}
• Occipitofrontalis muscle
  • Face - frontalis muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, temporal branch}; ACTION={raises the eyebrows}
  • Face - occipitalis muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch}; ACTION={moves the scalp back}

TARGET.TSA.EYE

Extraocular muscles

(generated)

• Eye - inferior tarsal muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle}; ACTION={lower lid retraction}
• Eye - levator palpebrae superioris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={oculomotor nerve}; ACTION={retracts/elevates eyelid}
• Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers; facial nerve, temporal branch; facial nerve, zygomatic branch}; ACTION={closes the eyelids}
• Eye - superior tarsal muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle}; ACTION={raise the upper eyelid}
• Oblique
  • Eye - inferior oblique muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={oculomotor nerve, inferior branch}; ACTION={extorsion, elevation, abduction}
  • Eye - superior oblique muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={trochlear nerve}; ACTION={primary: intorsion, secondary:abduct (laterally rotate) and depress the eyeball}
• Rectus
  • Eye - inferior rectus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={oculomotor nerve, inferior branch}; ACTION={depression and adduction}
  • Eye - lateral rectus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={abducent nerve}; ACTION={abducts the eyeball}
  • Eye - medial rectus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={oculomotor nerve, inferior branch}; ACTION={adducts the eyeball}
  • Eye - superior rectus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={oculomotor nerve, superior branch}; ACTION={elevates, adducts, and rotates medially the eye}

Intraocular muscles

(generated)

• Eye - ciliary muscle
  • Eye - ciliary muscle - parasympathetic; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={ciliary nerves, short, parasympathetic fibers}; ACTION={accommodation inhibition}
  • Eye - ciliary muscle - sympathetic; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers}; ACTION={accommodation excitation}
• Eye - iris dilator muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers}; ACTION={pupil dilation}
• Eye - iris sphincter muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={ciliary nerves, short, parasympathetic fibers}; ACTION={constricts pupil}
• Eye - orbitalis muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers}; ACTION={protrusion of eyeball}

TARGET.TSA.EAR

Ear

(generated)

• Auricular muscles
  • Ear - anterior auricular muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, temporal branch}; ACTION={pulls ear forward}
  • Ear - oblique muscle of auricle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch}; ACTION={movement of the ears}
  • Ear - posterior auricular muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={auricular nerve, posterior}; ACTION={pulls ear backward}
  • Ear - superior auricular muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={auricular nerve, posterior}; ACTION={pulls ear upward}
• Ear - outer hair cells; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={cochlear nerve}; ACTION={contracts basilar membrane; mechanically amplify low-level sound that enters cochlea}
• Ear - stapedius muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={stapedius nerve}; ACTION={control the amplitude of sound waves to the inner ear}
• Ear - temporoparietalis muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, temporal branch}; ACTION={assist the frontal belly in drawing the epicranial aponeurosis towards the front of the cranium}
• Ear - tympanic membrane muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={nerve to tensor tympani}; ACTION={tensing the tympanic membrane}

TARGET.TSA.NOSE

Nose

(generated)

• Face - procerus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={draws down the medial angle of the eyebrow giving expressions of frowning}
• Nose - depressor septi nasi muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={depression of nasal septum}
• Nose - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={dilates the nostril; elevates the upper lip and wing of the nose}
• Nose - nasal glands; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={anterior - moisturize the nasal mucosa; bowman - help the olfactory region with smelling}
• Nose - nasalis muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils, dilation of nostrils}

TARGET.TEA.MOUTH

Mouth

(generated)

• Face - buccinator muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={compress the cheeks against the teeth (blowing), mastication}
• Face - depressor anguli oris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch}; ACTION={depresses angle of mouth}
• Face - depressor labii inferioris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch}; ACTION={depress the lower lip}
• Face - levator anguli oris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={smile (elevates angle of mouth)}
• Face - levator labii superioris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, zygomatic branch}; ACTION={elevates the upper lip}
• Face - mentalis muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch}; ACTION={elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip}
• Face - orbicularis oris muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={pucker the lips}
• Face - risorius muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={draw back angle of mouth}
• Face - transverse muscle of the chin; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch}; ACTION={assist with pulling the lower lip downward and help to tighten the skin over the chin}
• Zygomatic muscles
  • Face - zygomaticus minor muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={elevates upper lip}
  • Zygomaticus major muscle
    • Face - zygomaticus major muscle, buccal; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={draws angle of mouth upward and laterally}
    • Face - zygomaticus major muscle, proper; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, zygomatic branch}; ACTION={draws angle of mouth upward and laterally}

Mastication

(generated)

• Feeder - buccinator muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={facial nerve, buccal branch}; ACTION={compress the cheeks against the teeth (blowing), mastication}
• Feeder - masseter muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={masseteric nerve}; ACTION={elevation (as in closing of the mouth) and retraction of mandible}
• Feeder - parotid gland; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={petrosal nerve, lesser}; ACTION={major salivary gland; promotes the secretion of saliva}
• Feeder - sublingual gland; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={sublingual nerve}; ACTION={one of major salivary glands; promotes the secretion of saliva}
• Feeder - submandibular gland; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={chorda tympani, parasympathetic}; ACTION={one of major salivary glands; promotes the secretion of saliva}
• Feeder - temporal muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={temporal nerves, deep}; ACTION={elevation and retraction of mandible}
• Protector - hard palate mucous gland; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={palatine nerve, greater, parasympathetic fibers}; ACTION={lubrication and buffering as well as secretion of some antibodies; moist surface}
• Protector - soft palate mucous gland; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers}; ACTION={lubrication and buffering as well as secretion of some antibodies; moist surface}
• Pterygoid muscles
  • Feeder - lateral pterygoid muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={pterygoid nerve, lateral}; ACTION={depresses mandible}
  • Feeder - medial pterygoid muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={pterygoid nerve, medial}; ACTION={elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoids in moving the jaw from side to side}
• Vessels - parotid gland vasoconstrictors; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={external carotid nerve}; ACTION={reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid in salivary secretions, producing an enzyme rich mucous saliva}
• Vessels - sublingual gland vasoconstrictors; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={external carotid nerve}; ACTION={reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid in salivary secretions, producing an enzyme rich mucous saliva}
• Vessels - submandibular gland vasoconstrictors; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={external carotid nerve}; ACTION={reduces glandular bloodflow, thereby decreasing the volume of fluid in salivary secretions, producing an enzyme rich mucous saliva}

Tongue

(generated)

• Extrinsic
  • Feeder - chondroglossus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={hypoglossal nerve}; ACTION={depresses tongue}
  • Feeder - genioglossus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={hypoglossal nerve}; ACTION={complex - inferior fibers protrude the tongue, middle fibers depress the tongue, and its superior fibers draw the tip back and down}
  • Feeder - hyoglossus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={hypoglossal nerve}; ACTION={depresses tongue}
  • Feeder - palatoglossus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={vagus nerve, pharyngeal plexus}; ACTION={raising the back part of the tongue}
  • Feeder - styloglossus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={hypoglossal nerve}; ACTION={elevates and retracts tongue}
• Intrinsic
  • Feeder - inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={hypoglossal nerve}; ACTION={shortens, retracts, pulls tip downward}
  • Feeder - superior longitudinal muscle of tongue; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={hypoglossal nerve}; ACTION={shortens, turns tip upward, turns lateral margins upward}
  • Feeder - transverse muscle of tongue; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={hypoglossal nerve}; ACTION={narrows and elongates}
  • Feeder - vertical muscle of tongue; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={hypoglossal nerve}; ACTION={flattens}

Soft palate

(generated)

• Feeder - levator veli palatini muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch}; ACTION={elevates soft palate}
• Feeder - musculus uvulae muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers}; ACTION={elevates and retracts the uvula, thickening the central part of the soft palate}
• Feeder - tensor veli palatini muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={nerve to tensor veli palatini}; ACTION={tension of the soft palate}
• Speaker - palatopharyngeus muscle; TYPE={cranial}; NERVES={vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch}; ACTION={pulls pharynx and larynx}