BiologicalArchitectureGlobalCircuits

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This page covers biological coordination approach of specific circuts and complexes.

Overview

Major biological circuits are:

• cerebellar muscle control
• basal ganglia performance control

Cerebellar Muscle Control

Further explanation is genuine outcome of aHuman research (C) and is not repsesented elsewhere. Please mention origin if copy.

essence of architecture:

• first major feature is that cerebellar complex produces information about which muscle executions are wrong and need to be inhibited
  • it stores actual muscle execution patterns associated with certain layer of execution, many-to-many (all muscles to all layer streams)
  • it inhibits corresponding layer of execution in streams related to items, not belonging to stored patterns
  • conscious execution causes cerebellum to learn patterns, automatic execution leads to using stored patterns
• second major feature is that cerebellum performs coordinate system translation
  • vermis - from eyes and head coords to muscle coords
  • paravermis - from skin coords to muscle coords
  • lateral lobe - from intention coords (frontopontine - M1/S1), absolute coords (parietopontine - IPL/SPL), visual feature coords (occipitopontine - V2) to muscle coords
  • flocculonodular lobe - from earth coords to oculomotor muscle coords

layers of execution are:

• subcortical execution of flexors by somatic patterns - paravermal lobe
• cortical execution of flexors by cortical patterns - lateral lobe
• execution of limb extensors by superior colliculus patterns - vermal lobe
• execution of trunk extensors by vestibular patterns - flocculonodular lobe

implementation:

• gross architecture is that there are input nuclei, cerebellar cortex, and output nuclei
• there are climbing fibers and mossy fibers going from input nuclei to cerebellar cortex
• input nuclei are divided into mossy nuclei, which are source of mossy fibers and climbing nuclei which are source of climbing fibers
  • climbing nuclei are interior olivary nucleus (IO) and vestibular ganglion (VBG)
  • mossy nuclei are more numerous - superior and interior colliculus, spinal cord sensory nuclei, precerebellar reticular formation nuclei, pontine nulei and vestibular nuclei
• cerebellar cortex has the same implementation for all surface and contains:
  • purkinje cells, targeted by climbing fibers and projecting to output nuclei, containing GABA-ergic neurons
  • granule cells, targeted by mossy fibers - GLU-ergic neurons which project many-to-many to purkinje cells
  • other cells which build the internal feedback circuit having secondary role for sustained processing
  • purkinje cells define stream modality of cerebellar cortex
• climbing fibers are the same for vermal, paravermal, lateral layers - each IO neuron has projections to 3 purkinje cells, one per each layer
  • stream modality of cerebellar cortex for vermal, paravermal, lateral layers is the same and equal to stream modality of IO
  • stream modality of IO is defined by nucleus proprius and its cranial equivalent - central cervical nucleus, which convey muscle proprioception from static tension receptor - Golgi tendon organs
  • vermal, paravermal, lateral layers can be named muscle cerebellum, while flocculonodular layer is vestibular, because its stream modality is defined by vestibular ganglion