OverallMindMaps

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Mind Maps
[[Home   -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch   -> [[OverallMindMaps

Classical Divisions

Classical biological divisions are:

  • anatomically is divided into
    • central nervous system (CNS)
      • brain
      • spinal cord
    • peripheral nervous system (PNS) - convey neural messages from sense organs and sensory receptors to CNS and from CNS to muscles and glands
      • cranial nerves - nerves emerging from brain
      • spinal nerves - nerves emerging from spinal cord
  • functionally is divided into
    • somatic nervous system
      • conveying and processing conscious and unconscious sensory (afferent) information, vision, pain, touch, unconscious muscle sense from head, body wall, and extremities to CNS
      • motor (efferent) control of voluntary (striated) muscles
    • autonomic (visceral) nervous system
      • conveying and processing sensory input from visceral organs
      • motor control of involuntary (smooth) and cardiac musculature, and of glands of viscera

organization%20of%20nervous%20system.jpg

Brain Development and Embryo Vesicles

See full process at:

In the embryon CNS/brain is represented by 5 vesicles:

  • forebrain = prosencephalon
    • telencephalon
    • diencephalon
  • midbrain = mesencephalon
  • hindbrain = rhombencephalon
    • metencephalon
    • myelencephalon

After further development vesicles are transformed to below brain structures:

  • cerebrum
    • telencephalon (FT=Forebrain Telencephalon) -> cerebral hemispheres
      • cerebral cortex (gray matter)
        • anterior cortex
          • frontal lobe
        • posterior cortex
          • parietal lobe
          • occipital lobe
          • temporal lobe
          • central lobe (insula),
        • limbic lobe
      • underlying white matter
      • basal ganglia
        • corpus striatum (gray matter)
          • caudate nucleus
          • lenticular nucleus
            • putamen
            • globus pallidus (pallidum)
      • corpus callosum (required for left/right cooperation/coordination, not a source of intelligence)
      • anterior commissure (required for left/right cooperation/coordination, not a source of intelligence)
      • hippocampal formation
      • amygdala
    • diencephalon (FD=Forebrain Diencephalon) -> diencephalon
      • epithalamus
        • pineal gland (modified photoreceptor cells, day/night cycle, respond to circadian differences in sympathetic nervous system activity, critical trigger for hibernation and sexual maturation)
        • habenular nuclei (pathway by which limbic structures may influence brain stem/reticular formation function)
      • thalamus (dorsal thalamus)
      • hypothalamus
        • mamillary bodies
        • hypophysis (pituitary gland)
      • ventral thalamus (subthalamus)
  • brainstem
    • mesencephalon (MM=Midbrain Mesencephalon) -> midbrain
    • metencephalon (HP=Hindbrain Pons, including cerebellum) -> pons
    • myelencephalon (HM=Hindbrain Medulla) -> medulla
  • cerebellum
    • metencephalon (HP=Hindbrain Pons, including cerebellum) -> cerebellum

Adult Sources of Neurons:

Target

(generated)

    • Human Sensors (aHumanSensors) -> [[BrainAreaTSA
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye (TARGET.TSA.EYE, unknown)
      • Eye sensory data (eye-sensory)
        • Eye - rods and cones (eye-edge-output)
        • Eye - somatic receptors (eye-somatic)
        • Eye - visceral receptors (eye-visceral)
      • Eye rotation motor muscles (eye-rotation-motor)
        • Eye - inferior oblique muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-inferior-oblique)
        • Eye - inferior rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-inferior-rectus)
        • Eye - medial rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-medial-rectus)
        • Eye - superior rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-superior-rectus)
        • Eye - levator palpebrae superioris muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-major-levator-palpebrae)
        • Eye - superior oblique muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-minor)
        • Eye - lateral rectus muscle (eye-muscle-rotate-vestibular)
      • Eye pupil and accomodation motor muscles (eye-pupil-motor)
        • Eye - ciliary muscle - sympathetic (eye-muscle-curvature-sympathetic)
        • Eye - ciliary muscle - parasympathetic (eye-muscle-curvature-parasympathetic)
        • Eye - iris sphincter muscle (eye-muscle-pupil-close)
        • Eye - iris dilator muscle (eye-muscle-pupil-open)
      • Eyelid motor muscles (eyelid-motor)
        • Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:temporal (eye-muscle-close-conscious-orbital)
        • Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:zygomatic (eye-muscle-close-conscious-lacrimal)
        • Eye - orbicularis oculi muscle:palpebrale (eye-muscle-close-involuntary-palpebrale)
        • Eye - superior tarsal muscle (eye-muscle-superior-tarsal)
        • Eye - inferior tarsal muscle (eye-muscle-inferior-tarsal)
        • Eye - orbitalis muscle (eye-orbitalis-muscle)
      • Eye glands (eye-glands)
        • Eye - lacrimal gland (eye-tears-gland)
        • Eye - lacrimal gland and conjunctiva receptors (eye-lacrimal-gland-conjunctiva-receptors)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear (TARGET.TSA.EAR, unknown)
      • Ear sound sensory data (ear-sensory-sound-data)
        • Ear - inner hair cells (ear-inner-hair-cells)
        • Ear - outer hair cells feedback (ear-outer-hair-cells-feedback)
        • Ear - somatic receptors (ear-somatic)
        • Ear - outer ear skin (ear-external-skin)
        • Ear - acoustic meatus skin (ear-acoustic-meatus-skin)
        • Ear - visceral receptors (ear-visceral)
        • Ear - timpanic cavity (ear-timpanic-cavity)
      • Ear vestibular sensory data (ear-sensory-vestibular-data)
        • Ear - semicircular canals, cristae (ear-semicircular-canals)
        • Ear - utricle, maculae (ear-utricle)
        • Ear - saccule, maculae (ear-saccule)
      • Ear sound sensory control (ear-sensory-control)
        • Ear - outer hair cells (ear-outer-hair-cells)
        • Ear - stapedius muscle (ear-stapedius)
        • Ear - tympanic membrane muscle (ear-tensor-tympani-muscle)
      • Ear move muscles (ear-move)
        • Ear - anterior auricular muscle (ear-anterior-auricular-muscle)
        • Ear - posterior auricular muscle (ear-posterior-auricular-muscle)
        • Ear - superior auricular muscle (ear-superior-auricular-muscle)
        • Ear - oblique muscle of auricle (ear-oblique-auricular-muscle)
        • Ear - temporoparietalis muscle (ear-temporoparietalis-muscle)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_NOSE|Nose (TARGET.TSA.NOSE, unknown)
      • Nose sensory data (nose-sensory-data)
        • Nose - volatile (nose-volatile)
        • Nose - nonvolatile (nose-nonvolatile)
        • Nose - proprioceptors (nose-proprioceptors)
        • Nose - touch receptors (nose-somatic)
        • Nose - visceral nodose receptors (nose-visceral-vagus)
        • Nose - visceral pharynx receptors (nose-visceral-pharynx)
      • Ear sensory control (nose-sensory-control)
        • Nose - nasal glands (nose-nasal-glands)
      • Nose move muscles (nose-muscles)
        • Nose - depressor septi nasi muscle (nose-depressor-septi-nasi)
        • Nose - levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle (nose-levator-labii-superioris-alaeque-nasi)
        • Nose - nasalis muscle (nose-nasalis)
        • Nose - salpingopharyngeus muscle (nose-salpingopharyngeus)
    • Human Effectors (aHumanEffectors) -> [[BrainAreaTEA
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HEART|Heart (TARGET.TEA.HEART, unknown)
      • Heart - NE receptors of atrium muscles (heart-symp-control)
      • Heart - upper cardiac muscle (heart-cardiac-upper-muscle)
      • Heart - lower cardiac muscle, middle (heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-middle)
      • Heart - lower cardiac muscle, stellar (heart-cardiac-lower-muscle-stellar)
      • Heart - ACh receptors of atrium muscles (heart-psymp-control)
      • Heart - baroreceptors in aorta (heart-aorta-baroreceptors)
      • Heart - baroreceptors in carotid artery (heart-carotid-baroreceptors)
      • Heart - visceral receptors (heart-visceral)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_PROTECTOR|Immunity glands and meninges (TARGET.TEA.PROTECTOR, unknown)
      • Protector sensory data (protector-sensory-data)
        • Protector - cranial meninges (cranial-meninges)
        • Protector - tentorium cerebelli dura mater visceral receptors (tentorium-cerebelli-dura-matter)
      • Protector tonsils (protector-tonsils)
        • Protector - palatine tonsil (palatine-tonsil)
        • Protector - lingual tonsil (lingual-tonsil)
        • Protector - pharyngeal tonsils (pharyngeal-tonsils)
      • Protector mucous glands (protector-mucous-glands)
        • Protector - hard palate mucous gland (hard-palate-mucosal-gland)
        • Protector - soft palate mucous gland (soft-palate-mucosal-gland)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_FEEDER|Mouth feeder (TARGET.TEA.FEEDER, unknown)
      • Feeder salivatory glands (feeder-salivation)
        • Feeder - parotid gland (parotid-gland)
        • Feeder - submandibular gland (submandibular-gland)
        • Feeder - sublingual gland (sublingual-gland)
      • Feeder taste sensation (mouth-taste-sensation)
        • Feeder - tongue gustatory hair cell (tongue-hair-cell)
        • Feeder - epiglottis (epiglottis-taste-buds)
        • Feeder - soft palate sparse taste receptors (soft-palate-sparse-taste-receptors)
      • Feeder tongue muscles (tongue-muscles)
        • Feeder - genioglossus muscle (genioglossus-muscle)
        • Feeder - hyoglossus muscle (hyoglossus-muscle)
        • Feeder - styloglossus muscle (styloglossus-muscle)
        • Feeder - chondroglossus muscle (chondroglossus-muscle)
        • Feeder - palatoglossus muscle (palatoglossus-muscle)
        • Feeder - transverse muscle of tongue (transverse-tongue-muscle)
        • Feeder - vertical muscle of tongue (vertical-tongue-muscle)
        • Feeder - inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue (tongue-inferior-longitudinal-muscle)
        • Feeder - stylohyoid muscle (stylohyoid-muscle)
        • Feeder - superior longitudinal muscle of tongue (superior-longitudinal-muscle-tongue)
      • Feeder swallowing muscles and helper components (swallowing-muscles)
        • Feeder - digastric muscle, facial (digastric-muscle-facial)
        • Feeder - digastric muscle, trigeminal (digastric-muscle-trigeminal)
        • Feeder - geniohyoid muscle (geniohyoid-muscle)
        • Feeder - mylohyoid muscle (mylohyoid-muscle)
        • Feeder - inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (inferior-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle)
        • Feeder - middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle (middle-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle)
        • Feeder - superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle (superior-pharyngeal-constrictor-muscle)
        • Feeder - uvula receptors (uvula-receptors)
        • Feeder - musculus uvulae muscle (uvulae-muscle)
        • Feeder - levator veli palatini muscle (levator-veli-palatini-muscle)
        • Feeder - tensor veli palatini muscle (tensor-veli-palatini-muscle)
        • Feeder - buccinator muscle (buccinator-muscle)
      • Feeder chewing muscles (chewing-muscles)
        • Feeder - teeth (teeth)
        • Feeder - masseter muscle (masticatory-masseter-muscle)
        • Feeder - lateral pterygoid muscle (masticatory-lateral-pterygoid-muscle)
        • Feeder - medial pterygoid muscle (masticatory-medial-pterygoid-muscle)
        • Feeder - temporal muscle (masticatory-temporal-muscle)
        • Feeder - proprioception receptors of masticatory muscles (masticatory-unconscious-muscle-spindles)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_SPEAKER|Mouth speaker (TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER, unknown)
      • Speaker sensory data (speaker-sensory-data)
        • Speaker - palatine tonsil receptors (palatine-tonsil-receptors)
      • Speaker phonatory muscles (speaker-phonatory-muscles)
        • Speaker - lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (lateral-cricoarytenoid-muscle)
        • Speaker - arytenoid muscle (arytenoid-muscle)
        • Speaker - cricothyroid muscle (cricothyroid-muscle)
        • Speaker - thyroarytenoid muscle (thyroarytenoid-muscle)
        • Speaker - oblique arytenoid muscle (oblique-arytenoid-muscle)
        • Speaker - posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (posterior-cricoarytenoid-muscle)
        • Speaker - thyroepiglottic muscle (thyroepiglottic-muscle)
        • Speaker - aryepiglottic muscle (aryepiglottic-muscle)
      • Speaker respiratory larynx muscles (speaker-respiratory-muscles)
        • Speaker - thyrohyoid muscle (larynx-thyrohyoid-muscle)
        • Speaker - omohyoid muscle (omohyoid-muscle)
        • Speaker - palatopharyngeus muscle (palatopharyngeus-muscle)
        • Speaker - sternohyoid muscle (sternohyoid-muscle)
        • Speaker - sternothyroid muscle (sternothyroid-muscle)
        • Speaker - levator muscle of thyroid gland (thyroid-gland-levator-muscle)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_FACE|Face (TARGET.TEA.FACE, unknown)
      • Face sensory data (face-sensory-data)
        • Face - face skin (face-skin)
        • Face - parotid skin (face-parotid-skin)
      • Face scalp muscles (face-scalp-muscles)
        • Face - corrugator supercilii muscle (face-corrugator-supercilii-muscle)
        • Face - depressor supercilii muscle (face-depressor-supercilii-muscle)
        • Face - frontalis muscle (face-frontalis-muscle)
        • Face - occipitalis muscle (face-occipitalis-muscle)
      • Face upper lip muscles (face-upper-lip-muscles)
        • Face - levator labii superioris muscle (face-levator-labii-superioris-muscle)
        • Face - procerus muscle (face-procerus)
        • Face - zygomaticus minor muscle (zygomaticus-minor-muscle)
      • Face lower lip muscles (face-lower-lip-muscles)
        • Face - platysma muscle (face-platysma-muscle)
        • Face - depressor labii inferioris muscle (depressor-labii-inferioris-muscle)
        • Face - risorius muscle (risorius-muscle)
        • Face - mentalis muscle (mentalis-muscle)
        • Face - transverse muscle of the chin (transverse-chin-muscle)
      • Face surround and mouth corners muscles (face-surround-corner-muscles)
        • Face - orbicularis oris muscle (orbicularis-oris-muscle)
        • Face - zygomaticus major muscle, buccal (zygomaticus-major-muscle-buccal)
        • Face - zygomaticus major muscle, proper (zygomaticus-major-muscle-proper)
        • Face - levator anguli oris muscle (levator-anguli-oris-muscle)
        • Face - depressor anguli oris muscle (depressor-anguli-oris-muscle)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck (TARGET.TEA.NECK, unknown)
      • Neck sensory data (neck-sensory-data)
        • Neck - cutaneous receptors of low neck (neck-low-cutaneous-receptors)
      • Neck flexors (neck-flexors)
        • Neck - scalenus anterior muscle (neck-scalenus-anterior)
        • Neck - scalenus medius muscle (neck-scalenus-medius)
        • Neck - scalenus posterior muscle (neck-scalenus-posterior)
        • Neck - longus capitis muscle (neck-longus-capitis)
        • Neck - longus colli muscle (neck-longus-colli)
        • Neck - rectus capitis anterior muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-anterior)
        • Neck - rectus capitis lateralis muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-lateralis)
        • Neck - sternocleidomastoid muscle (neck-sternocleidomastoid)
      • Neck extensors (neck-extensors)
        • Neck - obliquus capitis inferior muscle (neck-obliquus-capitis-inferior-muscle)
        • Neck - obliquus capitis superior muscle (neck-obliquus-capitis-superior-muscle)
        • Neck - rectus capitis posterior major muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-posterior-major-muscle)
        • Neck - rectus capitis posterior minor muscle (neck-rectus-capitis-posterior-minor-muscle)
        • Neck - semispinalis capitis (neck-semispinalis-capitis)
        • Neck - splenius capitis muscle (neck-splenius-capitis)
        • Neck - splenius cervicis muscle (neck-splenius-cervicis)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LIVER|Liver (TARGET.TEA.LIVER, unknown)
      • Liver sensory data (liver-sensory-data)
        • Liver - glucose and osmoreceptors (glucose-and-osmoreceptors)
        • Liver - visceral receptors (visceral-receptors)
      • Liver - abdominal alimentary tract glands (glands)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_STOMACH|Stomach (TARGET.TEA.STOMACH, unknown)
      • Stomach sensory data (stomach-sensory-data)
        • Stomach - stomach nutrition sensor (stomach-nutrition-sensor)
      • Stomach gastrointestinal tract (stomach-gastrointestinal-tract)
        • Stomach - outer longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscles (stomach-wall)
        • Stomach - mucosal gastric glands (stomach-mucosal-gastric-glands)
        • Stomach - enzyme glands (stomach)
        • Stomach - small intestine (small-intestine)
        • Stomach - duodentum (duodentum)
        • Stomach - colon (colon)
      • Stomach extractors (stomach-extractors)
        • Stomach - spleen (spleen)
        • Stomach - kidney (kidney)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LUNG|Lung (TARGET.TEA.LUNG, unknown)
      • Lung sensory data (lung-sensory-data)
        • Lung - pulmonary neuroepithelial bodies (pulmonary-neuroepithelial-bodies)
        • Lung - pericardium and pleura receptors (pericardium-pleura-receptors)
        • Lung - pulmonary stretch receptors (pulmonary-stretch-receptors)
      • Lung visceral activity (lung-visceral-activity)
        • Lung - glands of trachea, lungs, and bronchi (visceral-glands)
        • Lung - smooth muscles of trachea and bronchial tree (smooth-muscles)
      • Lung breath muscles (lung-breath-muscles)
        • Lung - thoracic diaphragm (thoracic-diaphragm)
        • Lung - stylopharyngeus muscle (stylopharyngeus-muscle)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand (TARGET.TEA.HAND, unknown)
      • Hand somatic sensory data (hand-somatic-sensory)
        • Hand - hand somatic receptors (hand-somatic-receptors)
      • Hand shoulder (hand-shoulder)
        • Hand shoulder flexors (hand-shoulder-flexors)
          • Hand - infraspinatus muscle (infraspinatus-muscle)
          • Hand - supraspinatus muscle (supraspinatus-muscle)
          • Hand - deltoid muscle, anterior (anterior-deltoid-muscle)
          • Hand - coracobrachialis muscle (coracobrachialis-muscle)
          • Hand - levator claviculae muscle (levator-claviculae-muscle)
          • Hand - levator scapulae muscle, roots (levator-scapulae-muscle-roots)
          • Hand - levator scapulae muscle, scapular (levator-scapulae-muscle-scapular)
          • Hand - pectoralis major muscle (pectoralis-major-muscle)
          • Hand - rhomboid major muscle (rhomboid-major-muscle)
          • Hand - rhomboid minor muscle (rhomboid-minor-muscle)
          • Hand - serratus anterior muscle (serratus-anterior-muscle)
          • Hand - sternalis muscle (sternalis-muscle)
        • Hand shoulder extensors (hand-shoulder-extensors)
          • Hand - subscapularis muscle, lower (subscapularis-muscle-lower)
          • Hand - subscapularis muscle, upper (subscapularis-muscle-upper)
          • Hand - teres major muscle (shoulder-teres-major-muscle)
          • Hand - latissimus dorsi muscle (shoulder-latissimus-dorsi-muscle)
          • Hand - deltoid muscle, lateral and posterior (posteriolateral-deltoid-muscle)
          • Hand - pectoralis minor muscle (pectoralis-minor-muscle)
          • Hand - subclavius muscle (subclavius-muscle)
          • Hand - trapezius muscle (trapezius-muscle)
      • Hand elbow (hand-elbow)
        • Hand elbow flexors (hand-elbow-flexors)
          • Hand - biceps muscle (biceps-muscle)
          • Hand - brachialis muscle (brachialis-muscle)
          • Hand - pronator quadratus muscle (pronator-quadratus-muscle)
          • Hand - pronator teres muscle (pronator-teres-muscle)
        • Hand elbow extensors (hand-elbow-extensors)
          • Hand - teres minor muscle (teres-minor-muscle)
          • Hand - triceps brachii muscle, axillary (triceps-brachii-muscle-axillary)
          • Hand - triceps brachii muscle, radial (triceps-brachii-muscle-radial)
          • Hand - articularis cubiti muscle (articularis-cubiti-muscle)
          • Hand - supinator muscle (supinator-muscle)
          • Hand - anconeus muscle (anconeus-muscle)
          • Hand - brachioradialis muscle (brachioradialis-muscle)
      • Hand wrist (hand-wrist)
        • Hand wrist flexors (hand-wrist-flexors)
          • Hand - flexor carpi radialis muscle (flexor-carpi-radialis-muscle)
          • Hand - flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (flexor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle)
          • Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, interosseous (flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-interosseous)
          • Hand - palmaris longus muscle (palmaris-longus-muscle)
          • Hand - palmaris brevis muscle (palmaris-brevis-muscle)
        • Hand wrist extensors (hand-wrist-extensors)
          • Hand - extensor digiti minimi muscle (extensor-digiti-minimi-muscle)
          • Hand - extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (extensor-carpi-radialis-brevis-muscle)
          • Hand - extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (extensor-carpi-radialis-longus-muscle)
      • Hand fingers (hand-fingers)
        • Hand fingers flexors (hand-fingers-flexors)
          • Hand - flexor pollicis longus muscle (flexor-pollicis-longus-muscle)
          • Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, median (flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle)
          • Hand - flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (flexor-digitorum-superficialis-muscle)
          • Hand - abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand (abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle)
          • Hand - abductor pollicis brevis muscle (abductor-pollicis-brevis-muscle)
          • Hand - adductor pollicis muscle (adductor-pollicis-muscle)
          • Hand - dorsal interossei muscles of the hand (dorsal-interossei-muscle-hand)
          • Hand - flexor digiti minimi brevis of hand (flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle-hand)
          • Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, ulnar (flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-ulnar)
          • Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, ulnar (flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle-ulnar)
          • Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, median (lumbricals-hand-muscles-median)
          • Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, ulnar (lumbricals-hand-muscles-ulnar)
          • Hand - opponens digiti minimi muscle (opponens-digiti-minimi-muscles)
          • Hand - opponens pollicis muscle (opponens-pollicis-muscle)
          • Hand - palmar interossei muscles (palmar-interossei-muscles)
        • Hand fingers extensors (hand-fingers-extensors)
          • Hand - abductor pollicis longus muscle (abductor-pollicis-longus-muscle)
          • Hand - extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (extensor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle)
          • Hand - extensor digitorum muscle (extensor-digitorum-muscle)
          • Hand - extensor indicis muscle (extensor-indicis-muscle)
          • Hand - extensor pollicis brevis muscle (extensor-pollicis-brevis-muscle)
          • Hand - extensor pollicis longus muscle (extensor-pollicis-longus-muscle)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LEG|Leg (TARGET.TEA.LEG, unknown)
      • Leg somatic sensory data (leg-somatic-sensory)
        • Leg - somatic receptors (leg-somatic-receptors)
      • Leg thigh (leg-thigh)
        • Leg thigh flexors (leg-thigh-flexors)
          • Leg - piriformis muscle (piriformis-muscle)
          • Leg - adductor brevis muscle (leg-adductor-brevis-muscle)
          • Leg - adductor longus muscle (leg-adductor-longus-muscle)
          • Leg - adductor magnus muscle, obturator (leg-adductor-magnus-muscle-obturator)
          • Leg - adductor magnus muscle, tibial (leg-adductor-magnus-muscle-tibial)
          • Leg - adductor minimus muscle, obturator (leg-adductor-minimus-muscle-obturator)
          • Leg - adductor minimus muscle, tibial (leg-adductor-minimus-muscle-tibial)
          • Leg - biceps femoris muscle, tibial (leg-biceps-femoris-muscle-tibial)
          • Leg - gemellus inferior muscle (leg-gemellus-inferior-muscle)
          • Leg - gemellus superior muscle (leg-gemellus-superior-muscle)
          • Leg - gluteus medius muscle (leg-gluteus-medius-muscle)
          • Leg - gluteus minimus muscle (leg-gluteus-minimus-muscle)
          • Leg - gracilis muscle (leg-gracilis-muscle)
          • Leg - iliacus muscle (leg-iliacus-muscle)
          • Leg - obturator externus muscle (leg-obturator-externus-muscle)
          • Leg - obturator internus muscle (leg-obturator-internus-muscle)
          • Leg - pectineus muscle, femoral (leg-pectineus-muscle-femoral)
          • Leg - pectineus muscle, obturator (leg-pectineus-muscle-obturator)
          • Leg - psoas major muscle (leg-psoas-major-muscle)
          • Leg - psoas minor muscle (leg-psoas-minor-muscle)
          • Leg - quadratus femoris muscle (leg-quadratus-femoris-muscle)
          • Leg - sartorius muscle (leg-sartorius-muscle)
          • Leg - tensor fasciae latae muscle (leg-tensor-fasciae-latae-muscle)
        • Leg thigh extensors (leg-thigh-extensors)
          • Leg - gluteus maximus muscle (gluteus-maximus-muscle)
      • Leg knee (leg-knee)
        • Leg knee flexors (leg-knee-flexors)
          • Leg - gastrocnemius muscle (gastrocnemius-muscle)
          • Leg - popliteus muscle (popliteus-muscle)
          • Leg - biceps femoris muscle, peroneal (leg-biceps-femoris-muscle-peroneal)
          • Leg - semimembranosus muscle (leg-semimembranosus-muscle)
          • Leg - semitendinosus muscle (leg-semitendinosus-muscle)
        • Leg knee extensors (leg-knee-extensors)
          • Leg - articularis genu muscle (leg-articularis-genu-muscle)
          • Leg - obliquus genu muscle (leg-obliquus-genu-muscle)
          • Leg - rectus femoris muscle (leg-rectus-femoris-muscle)
          • Leg - vastus intermedius muscle (leg-vastus-intermedius-muscle)
          • Leg - vastus lateralis muscle (leg-vastus-lateralis-muscle)
          • Leg - vastus medialis muscle (leg-vastus-medialis-muscle)
      • Leg foot (leg-foot)
        • Leg foot flexors (leg-foot-flexors)
          • Leg - tibialis posterior muscle (tibialis-posterior-muscle)
          • Leg - abductor hallucis muscle (leg-abductor-hallucis-muscle)
          • Leg - plantaris muscle (plantaris-muscle)
          • Leg - quadratus plantae muscle (leg-quadratus-plantae-muscle)
          • Leg - adductor hallucis muscle (leg-adductor-hallucis-muscle)
          • Leg - accessory soleus muscle (leg-accessory-soleus-muscle)
          • Leg - fibularis brevis muscle (leg-fibularis-brevis-muscle)
          • Leg - fibularis longus muscle (leg-fibularis-longus-muscle)
          • Leg - soleus muscle (leg-soleus-muscle)
        • Leg foot extensors (leg-foot-extensors)
          • Leg - fibularis tertius muscle (fibularis-tertius-muscle)
          • Leg - tibialis anterior muscle (tibialis-anterior-muscle)
          • Leg - extensor hallucis brevis muscle (leg-extensor-hallucis-brevis-muscle)
      • Leg fingers (leg-fingers)
        • Leg fingers flexors (leg-fingers-flexors)
          • Leg - flexor digitorum longus muscle (flexor-longus-digitorum-muscle)
          • Leg - flexor hallucis longus muscle (flexor-longus-hallucis-muscle)
          • Leg - abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot (leg-abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle)
          • Leg - flexor digitorum brevis muscle (leg-flexor-digitorum-brevis-muscle)
          • Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, lateral (leg-lumbrical-muscle-lateral)
          • Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, medial (leg-lumbrical-muscle-medial)
          • Leg - flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of foot (leg-flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle)
          • Leg - flexor hallucis brevis muscle (leg-flexor-hallucis-brevis-muscle)
          • Leg - dorsal interossei muscles of the foot (leg-dorsal-interossei-muscles)
          • Leg - plantar interossei muscles (leg-plantar-interossei-muscles)
        • Leg fingers extensors (leg-fingers-extensors)
          • Leg - extensor digitorum brevis muscle (extensor-digitorum-brevis-muscle)
          • Leg - extensor digitorum longus muscle (extensor-digitorum-longus-muscle)
          • Leg - extensor hallucis longus muscle (extensor-hallucis-longus-muscle)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_TRUNK|Trunk (TARGET.TEA.TRUNK, unknown)
      • Trunk sensory data (trunk-sensory-data)
        • Trunk - upper somatic receptors (trunk-upper-somatic-receptors)
        • Trunk - lower somatic receptors (trunk-lower-somatic-receptors)
      • Trunk back (trunk-back)
        • Trunk back flexors (trunk-back-flexors)
          • Trunk - iliocostalis muscle (trunk-iliocostalis-muscle)
          • Trunk - rotatores muscles (trunk-rotatores-muscles)
          • Trunk - spinalis muscle (trunk-spinalis-muscle)
        • Trunk back extensors (trunk-back-extensors)
          • Trunk - semispinalis dorsi (thoracis) (trunk-semispinalis-dorsi-thoracis)
          • Trunk - interspinales muscles (trunk-interspinales-muscles)
          • Trunk - intertransversarii muscle (trunk-intertransversarii-muscle)
          • Trunk - levatores costarum muscles (trunk-levatores-costarum-muscles)
          • Trunk - longissimus muscle (trunk-longissimus-muscle)
          • Trunk - multifidus muscle (trunk-multifidus-muscle)
          • Trunk - quadratus lumborum muscle (trunk-quadratus-lumborum-muscle)
          • Trunk - semispinalis cervicis (trunk-semispinalis-cervicis-muscle)
      • Trunk chest (trunk-chest)
        • Trunk chest flexors (trunk-chest-flexors)
          • Trunk - external intercostal muscles (trunk-external-intercostal-muscles)
          • Trunk - serratus posterior superior muscle (trunk-serratus-posterior-superior-muscle)
        • Trunk chest extensors (trunk-chest-extensors)
          • Trunk - subcostalis muscle (trunk-subcostalis-muscle)
          • Trunk - transversus thoracis muscle (trunk-transversus-thoracis-muscle)
          • Trunk - internal intercostal muscles (trunk-internal-intercostal-muscles)
          • Trunk - serratus posterior inferior muscle (trunk-serratus-posterior-inferior-muscle)
      • Trunk abdomen (trunk-abdomen)
        • Trunk abdomen flexors (trunk-abdomen-flexors)
          • Trunk - rectus abdominis muscle (trunk-rectus-abdominis-muscle)
          • Trunk - abdominal internal oblique muscle (trunk-internal-oblique-muscle)
          • Trunk - pyramidalis muscle (trunk-pyramidalis-muscle)
          • Trunk - abdominal external oblique muscle (trunk-abdominal-external-oblique-muscle)
        • Trunk abdomen extensors (trunk-abdomen-extensors)
          • Trunk - transversus abdominis muscle (trunk-transversus-abdominis)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_BREAST|Breast (TARGET.TEA.BREAST, unknown)
      • Breast - skin receptors (breast-skin-receptors)
      • Breast - nipple smooth muscles (nipple-smooth-muscles)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_GENITALIA|Genitalia (TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA, unknown)
      • Genitalia - sensations (genitalia-sensory)
        • Genitalia - utetovaginal visceral receptors (utetovaginal-visceral-receptors)
        • Genitalia - visceral sexual receptors (visceral-sexual-receptors)
      • Genitalia - urination and support muscles (genitalia-urination)
        • Genitalia - bulbospongiosus muscle (bulbospongiosus-muscle)
        • Genitalia - pubococcygeus muscle (pubococcygeus-muscle)
      • Genitalia - erection muscles (genitalia-erection)
        • Genitalia - ischiocavernosus muscle (ischiocavernosus-muscle)
        • Genitalia - man erection muscles (genitalia-erection-man)
          • Genitalia - corpus cavernosum penis (corpus-cavernosum-penis)
        • Genitalia - woman erection muscles (genitalia-erection-woman)
          • Genitalia - uterus, sympathetic contractors (uterus-sympathetic)
          • Genitalia - parasympathetic uterus vasodilators (uterus-parasympathetic)
          • Genitalia - vagina, sympathetic vasoconstrictors (vagina-sympathetic)
          • Genitalia - parasympathetic vaginal vasodilators (vagina-parasympathetic)
          • Genitalia - corpus cavernosum clitoridis (corpus-cavernosum-clitoridis)
      • Genitalia - ejaculation muscles and glands, pregnancy and lifecycle support (genitalia-ejaculation)
        • Genitalia - man ejaculation muscles and glands (genitalia-ejaculation-man)
          • Genitalia - cowper gland (cowper-gland)
          • Genitalia - prostate gland (prostate-gland)
          • Genitalia - vas deferens (vas-deferens)
          • Genitalia - deep transverse perineal muscle, penis (deep-transverse-perineal-muscle-penis)
        • Genitalia - woman ejaculation muscles and glands (genitalia-ejaculation-woman)
          • Genitalia - bartholin gland (bartholin-gland)
          • Genitalia - skenes gland (skenes-gland)
          • Genitalia - cervix (cervix-gland)
          • Genitalia - deep transverse perineal muscle, clitoris (deep-transverse-perineal-muscle-clitoris)
      • Genitalia - scrotum muscles (genitalia-scrotum-muscles)
        • Genitalia - cremaster muscle (cremaster-muscle)
        • Genitalia - dartos muscle (dartos-muscle)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_URETER|Ureter (TARGET.TEA.URETER, unknown)
      • Ureter sensory data (ureter-sensory-data)
        • Ureter - ureter visceral receptors (ureter-visceral-receptors)
      • Ureter autonomic (ureter-autonomic)
        • Ureter - detrusor urinae muscle, parasympathetic (detrusor-urinae-muscle-parasympathetic)
        • Ureter - internal sphincter muscle of urethra, parasympathetic (internal-urethral-sphincter-parasympathetic)
        • Ureter - detrusor urinae muscle, sympathetic (detrusor-urinae-muscle-sympathetic)
        • Ureter - internal sphincter muscle of urethra, sympathetic (internal-urethral-sphincter-sympathetic)
      • Ureter conscious (ureter-conscious)
        • Ureter - external sphincter muscle of female urethra (external-urethral-sphincter-female)
        • Ureter - external sphincter muscle of male urethra (external-urethral-sphincter-male)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_RECTUM|Rectum (TARGET.TEA.RECTUM, unknown)
      • Rectum sensory data (rectum-sensory-data)
        • Rectum - large intestine visceral receptors (large-intestine-visceral-receptors)
      • Rectum autonomic (rectum-autonomic)
        • Rectum - sphincter ani internus muscle, parasympathetic (sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-parasympathetic)
        • Rectum - sphincter ani internus muscle, sympathetic (sphincter-ani-internus-muscle-sympathetic)
      • Rectum conscious flexors (rectum-conscious-flexors)
        • Rectum - superficial transverse perineal muscle (superficial-transverse-perineal-muscle)
        • Rectum - corrugator cutis ani muscle (corrugator-cutis-ani-muscle)
        • Rectum - sphincter ani externus muscle (sphincter-ani-externus-muscle)
      • Rectum conscious extensors (rectum-conscious-extensors)
        • Rectum - puborectalis muscle (puborectalis-muscle)
        • Rectum - coccygeus muscle (coccygeus-muscle)
        • Rectum - iliococcygeus muscle (iliococcygeus-muscle)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels (TARGET.TEA.VESSELS, unknown)
      • Head vessels (head-vessels)
        • Vessels - parotid gland vasoconstrictors (parotid-gland-vasoconstrictors)
        • Vessels - submandibular gland vasoconstrictors (submandibular-gland-vasoconstrictors)
        • Vessels - sublingual gland vasoconstrictors (sublingual-gland-vasoconstrictors)
      • Body vessels (body-vessels)
        • Vessels - heart blood vessels (heart-blood-vessels)
        • Vessels - thorathic arterial vasoconstrictors (arterial-thoracic-vasoconstrictors)
        • Vessels - breast blood vessels (breast-blood-vessels)
        • Vessels - stomach blood vessels (stomach-blood-vessels)
        • Vessels - liver blood vessels (liver-blood-vessels)
        • Vessels - renal blood vessels (renal-blood-vessels)
      • Limb vessels (limb-vessels)
        • Vessels - wall of brachial artery smooth muscles (brachial-artery-vasoconstrictors)
        • Vessels - arm blood vessels (arm-blood-vessels)
        • Vessels - forearm blood vessels (forearm-blood-vessels)
      • [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands (TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE, unknown)
      • Endocrine head (endocrine-head)
      • Endocrine neck (endocrine-neck)
        • Endocrine - thyroid gland (endocrine-thyroid-gland)
        • Endocrine - parathyroid gland (endocrine-parathyroid-gland)
      • Endocrine body (endocrine-body)
        • Endocrine - pancreas (endocrine-pancreas)
          • Endocrine - pancreas, sympathetic (endocrine-pancreas-adrenergic)
          • Endocrine - pancreas, parasympathetic (endocrine-pancreas-muscarinic)
        • Endocrine - adrenal gland (endocrine-adrenal-gland)
      • Endocrine - gonads (endocrine-gonads)
        • Endocrine - testicle gland (endocrine-testicle-gland)
        • Endocrine - ovary gland (endocrine-ovary-gland)

Brodmann Areas of Cerebral Cortex

Verified by:

outline.gif

Anterior Lobe

(generated)

    • BA 4: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex (NMA.NC.MC)
    • BA 6: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F2) , [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F7|Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F7) , [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F4) , [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F5) , [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_SEF|Supplementary Eye Field (NMA.NC.SMC.SEF) , [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F6|Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F6) , [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F3|Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F3)
    • BA 8: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_CFEF|Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF) , [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_AFEF|Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF)
    • BA 9: [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMPFC|Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC)
    • BA 10: [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL)
    • BA 11: [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC|Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)
    • BA 12: [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL)
    • BA 24: [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMCG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VMCG)
    • BA 25: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG)
    • BA 32: [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DACG) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMCG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DMCG)
    • BA 33: [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_PGCG|Pregenual Cingulate Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.PGCG)
    • BA 44,45: [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO) , [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT)
    • BA 46: [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR) , [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL)
    • BA 47: [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG)

Parietal Lobe

(generated)

    • BA 1,2,3: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex (NSA.NC.PG.S1)
    • BA 5: [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_SA|Somatosensory Association Cortex (NPE.NC.SPL.SA)
    • BA 7: [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PF|Rostral Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PF) , [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|Caudal Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PG)
    • BA 23: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG)
    • BA 26: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.SGCG)
    • BA 29,30: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.RSC)
    • BA 31: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG)
    • BA 39: [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|Medial Superior Temporal Area (NPE.NC.IPL.MST) , [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_MIP|Medial Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP) , [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP) , [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.VIP) , [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_AIP|Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.AIP)
    • BA 40: [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|Supramarginal Wernike Cortex (NPE.NC.IPL.SMW) , [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S2|Secondary Somatosensory Cortex (NSA.NC.PG.S2) , [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_PV|Parietal Ventral Cortex (NSA.NC.PG.PV)
    • BA 43: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex (NSA.NC.PO.PCC)

Occipital Lobe

(generated)

    • BA 17: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex (NSA.NC.OCC.V1)
    • BA 18: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V2TN|Secondary Visual Cortex, Thin Stripe (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TN) , [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V2TK|Secondary Visual Cortex, Thick Stripe (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TK) , [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V2PL|Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe (NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL)
    • BA 19: [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3D|Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex (NPE.NC.OCC.V3D) , [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V3V|Ventral Associative Visual Cortex (NPE.NC.OCC.V3V) , [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|Middle Temporal Area (NSA.NC.OCC.MT) , [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|Parietooccipital Area (NSA.NC.OCC.PO)
    • BA 37: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V4D|Dorsal Visual Area V4 (NSA.NC.OCC.V4D) , [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V4V|Ventral Visual Area V4 (NSA.NC.OCC.V4V)

Temporal Lobe

(generated)

    • BA 13: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex (NCP.NC.INS.PIC)
    • BA 14: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC|Anterior Insular Cortex (NCP.NC.INS.AIC)
    • BA 15: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_HR|Anterior Temporal Lobe (NCP.NC.INS.HR)
    • BA 16: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PPC|Peripaleocortical Claustral (NCP.NC.INS.PPC)
    • BA 20: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE|Inferotemporal Cortex (NSA.NC.IT.TE)
    • BA 21: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO|Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area (NSA.NC.IT.TEO)
    • BA 22: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3 (NSA.NC.STG.A3) , [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|Wernicke's area A4 (NSA.NC.STG.A4)
    • BA 38: [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_TPC|Temporopolar Cortex (NCP.NC.TPC)
    • BA 41: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex (NSA.NC.TTG.A1)
    • BA 42: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A2|Auditory Association Area (NSA.NC.TTG.A2)
    • BA 52: [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_STG_PAI|Parainsular Area (NPE.NC.STG.PAI)

Parahippocampal Lobe

(generated)

    • BA 27: [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PRS|Presubiculum (FMM.NC.PH.PRS)
    • BA 28: [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC|Lateral Entorhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.LEC) , [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_MEC|Medial Entorhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.MEC)
    • BA 29,30: [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR|Postrhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.POR)
    • BA 34: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR|Piriform Cortex (NSA.NC.PH.PIR)
    • BA 35,36: [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER|Perirhinal Cortex (FMM.NC.PH.PER)
    • BA 48: [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS|Postsubiculum (FMM.NC.PH.POS)
    • BA 49: [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PAS|Parasubiculum (FMM.NC.PH.PAS)
    • BA 51: [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PRP|Prepyriform Cortex (NSA.NC.PH.PRP)

Nuclei List

Below nuclei list is upper part of brain hierarchy up to mapped regions. Coverage verified by:

Forebrain Telencephalon

(generated)

Forebrain Diencephalon

(generated)

Midbrain Mesencephalon

(generated)

Hindbrain Metencephalon

(generated)

Hindbrain Myelencephalon

(generated)

Spinal Cord

(generated)

Peripheral Nervous System

(generated)

    • Sympathetic Ganglia (PN.SYM) -> [[BrainAreaLAC
    • Paravertebral Ganglia (VBA.PN.SYM.PA)
        • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.SCG, sympathetic)
        • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_MCG|Middle Cervical Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.MCG, sympathetic)
        • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_STG|Stellate Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.STG, sympathetic)
        • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_TG|Sympathetic Thoracic Ganglia (LAC.PN.SYM.TG, sympathetic)
    • Prevertebral Ganglia (VBA.PN.SYM.PR)
        • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_CEG|Coelic Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.CEG, sympathetic)
        • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SMG|Superior Mesenteric Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.SMG, sympathetic)
        • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_ARG|Aorticorenal Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.ARG, sympathetic)
        • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG|Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion (LAC.PN.SYM.IMG, sympathetic)
    • Parasympathetic Ganglia (PN.PSYM) -> [[BrainAreaLAC
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_SXG|Submandibular Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.SXG, parasympathetic)
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_SPG|Sphenopalatine Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.SPG, parasympathetic)
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_CLG|Ciliary Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG, parasympathetic)
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_EPG|Episcleral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.EPG, parasympathetic)
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_OTG|Otic Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.OTG, parasympathetic)
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_ILG|Intralaryngeal Peripheral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.ILG, parasympathetic)
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG|Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG, parasympathetic)
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_CRG|Cardiac Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.CRG, parasympathetic)
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PUG|Pulmonary Peripheral Ganglion (LAC.PN.PSYM.PUG, parasympathetic)
      • [[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_GUT|Parasympathetic Gut Brain (LAC.PN.PSYM.GUT, parasympathetic)
      • Myenteric Ganglion (AVA.PN.PSYM.MTG)
      • Submucosal Gut Ganglion (AVA.PN.PSYM.SGG)
    • Sensory Ganglia (PN.SG) -> [[BrainAreaLPC
      • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.TRG, sensory)
      • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_GNG|Geniculate Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.GNG, sensory)
      • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG|Jugular Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.JUG, sensory)
      • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_PET|Petrosal Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.PET, sensory)
      • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_NOD|Nodose Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.NOD, sensory)
      • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_MOE|Main Olfactory Epithelium (LPC.PN.SG.MOE, sensory)
      • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_VNO|Vomeronasal Organ (LPC.PN.SG.VNO, sensory)
      • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.SP, sensory)
      • Vestibular Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.VB) = NL:[[http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vestibular_ganglion%7CVestibular ganglion
        • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_CVB|Vestibular Ganglion - Semicircular Canal Neurons (LPC.PN.SG.CVB, sensory)
        • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UVB|Vestibular Ganglion - Utricle Neurons (LPC.PN.SG.UVB, sensory)
        • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SVB|Vestibular Ganglion - Saccule Neurons (LPC.PN.SG.SVB, sensory)
    • Dorsal Root Ganglion (AVA.PN.SG.DRG)
        • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.UDRG, sensory)
        • Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.CX)
          • Upper Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.UC)
          • Lower Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia (AVA.PN.SG.DRG.LC)
        • [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion (LPC.PN.SG.LDRG, sensory)

Cranial Nerves

Pons relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, along with nuclei that deal primarily with:

  • sleep
  • respiration
  • swallowing
  • bladder control
  • hearing
  • equilibrium
  • taste
  • eye movement
  • facial expressions
  • facial sensation
  • posture

Cranial nerves:

  • 0 - cranial nerve zero: detection of pheromones
  • 1 - olfactory nerve: transmits the sense of smell
  • 2 - optic nerve: transmits visual information to the brain
  • 3 - oculomotor nerve: perform most eye movements
  • 4 - trochlear nerve: depresses, rotates laterally - around the optic axis, and intorts the eyeball
  • 5 - trigeminal nerve: receives sensation from the face and innervates the muscles of mastication
  • 6 - abducens nerve: abducts the eye
  • 7 - facial nerve: motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, receives the special sense of taste from anterior tongue, secretomotor innervation to the salivary glands and lacrimal gland
  • 8 - vestibulocochlear nerve: senses sound, rotation and gravity, carries impulses for equilibrium
  • 9 - glossopharyngeal nerve: receives taste from the posterior tongue
  • 10 - vagus nerve: branchiomotor innervation to most laryngeal and all pharyngeal muscles, receives the special sense of taste from the epiglottis, controls muscles for voice and resonance and the soft palate
  • 11 - accessory nerve: controls sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, overlaps with functions of the vagus
  • 12 - hypoglossal nerve: motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue, swallowing and speech articulation

Diagrams

Brodmann Areas:

brein9.jpg

Spinal Cord Nuclei:

spinal-cord-nuclei.jpg

Left and Right Brains:

BrainMindOrganization.jpg

REM Sleep:

d_11_cr_cyc_2a.jpg

References

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