BiologicalArchitectureGlobalCircuits

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Biological Life Research

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This page covers biological coordination approach of specific circuts and complexes.

Overview

Major biological circuits are:

  • cerebellar muscle control
  • basal ganglia performance control

Cerebellar Muscle Control

Further explanation is genuine outcome of aHuman research (C) and is not repsesented elsewhere. Please mention origin if copy.

essence of architecture:

  • first major feature is that cerebellar complex produces information about which muscle executions are wrong and need to be inhibited
    • it stores actual muscle execution patterns associated with certain layer of execution, many-to-many (all muscles to all layer streams)
    • it inhibits corresponding layer of execution in streams related to items, not belonging to stored patterns
    • conscious execution causes cerebellum to learn patterns, automatic execution leads to using stored patterns
  • second major feature is that cerebellum performs coordinate system translation
    • vermis - from eyes and head coords to muscle coords
    • paravermis - from skin coords to muscle coords
    • lateral lobe - from intention coords (frontopontine - M1/S1), absolute coords (parietopontine - IPL/SPL), visual feature coords (occipitopontine - V2) to muscle coords
    • flocculonodular lobe - from earth coords to oculomotor muscle coords

layers of execution are:

  • subcortical execution of flexors by somatic patterns - paravermal lobe
  • cortical execution of flexors by cortical patterns - lateral lobe
  • execution of limb extensors by superior colliculus patterns - vermal lobe
  • execution of trunk extensors by vestibular patterns - flocculonodular lobe

implementation:

  • gross architecture is that there are input nuclei, cerebellar cortex, and output nuclei
  • there are climbing fibers and mossy fibers going from input nuclei to cerebellar cortex
  • input nuclei are divided into mossy nuclei, which are source of mossy fibers and climbing nuclei which are source of climbing fibers
    • climbing nuclei are interior olivary nucleus (IO) and vestibular nuclei(VBN)
    • mossy nuclei are more numerous - superior and interior colliculus, spinal cord sensory nuclei, precerebellar reticular formation nuclei, pontine nulei and vestibular ganglia
  • cerebellar cortex has the same implementation for all surface and contains:
    • purkinje cells, targeted by climbing fibers and projecting to output nuclei, containing GABA-ergic neurons
    • granule cells, targeted by mossy fibers - GLU-ergic neurons which project many-to-many to purkinje cells
    • other cells which build the internal feedback circuit having secondary role for sustained processing
    • purkinje cells define stream modality of cerebellar cortex
  • climbing fibers are the same for vermal, paravermal, lateral layers - each IO neuron has projections to 3 purkinje cells, one per each layer
    • stream modality of cerebellar cortex for vermal, paravermal, lateral layers is the same and equal to stream modality of IO
    • stream modality of IO is defined by nucleus proprius and its cranial equivalent - central cervical nucleus, which convey muscle proprioception from static tension receptor - Golgi tendon organs
    • vermal, paravermal, lateral layers can be named muscle cerebellum, while flocculonodular layer is vestibular, because its stream modality is defined by vestibular nuclei

Basal Ganglia Performance Control

  • TBD