SpinalCordTracts

From aHuman Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search 
Spinal Cord

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> SpinalCord -> SpinalCordTracts

This page is intended to list all neural tracts related to spinal cord.

SPINAL CORD TRACTS

(generated)

TRACT SET: Ascending Tracts

(null) {BA 3,1,2} 

 TRACT MLS: medial lemniscus system*; transmits touch, vibration sense, proprioception data

 TRACT SCS: spinocerebellar system*; spinal cord to cerebellum
  • TRACT DSCS: direct spinocerebellar system; spinal cord nuclei to cerebellum (lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts; upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract)
    • TRACT CSCT: cuneocerebellar tract; relay information about limb position and movement to the cerebellum (upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract); path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, vermis and paravermis of the ipsilateral posterior lobe}
    • TRACT DSCT: dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract); conveys proprioceptive information from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles and joints to the cerebellum (ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information); path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors, cutaneous receptors, lower limbs, below L3} -> {cerebellum, mainly ipsilateral anterior lobe}
    • TRACT RSCT: rostral spinocerebellar tract; transmits information from the golgi tendon organs of the cranial half of the body to the cerebellum (upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract); path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, anterior lobe}
    • TRACT VSCT: ventral spinocerebellar tract (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract); conveys information about postural stability of the lower limbs to cerebellum (bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration); path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, trunk, C8-L3} -> {cerebellum}
  • TRACT SMTS: spinometencephalic system; spinal cord to intermediate nucleus to cerebellum

TRACT SET: Descending Tracts

(null) {sympathetic and parasympathetic}

  • TRACT HTST: hypothalamospinal tract; control autonomic components (descend in dorsolateral funiculus; oculosympathetic pathway; next to superior cervical ganglion to common carotid - internal carotid - long ciliary nerves to pupillary dilator); path: {paraventrical nucleus of hypothalamus} -> {IML, sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons; ciliospinal center of IML (T1,T2)}
  • TRACT SSS: solitariospinal system; autonomic control of breathing (respiratory, vomiting and micturition functions); path: {ventrolateral solitary nucleus, retroambiguus nucleus} -> {diaphragm}
    • TRACT SSET: solitariospinal expiratory tract; facilitate expiratory motor neurons to intercostal muscles (nucleus ambiguus - cranial division innervates muscles of the ipsilateral accessory muscles of respiration, principally via the vagus; nucleus retroambiguus - caudal division provides inspiratory and expiratory drive to the motor neurones of the intercostal muscles); path: {parabrachial nucleus to nucleus ambiguus, nucleus retroambiguus} -> {internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles}
    • TRACT SSIT: solitariospinal inpiratory tract; facilitate inspiratory motor neurons in phrenic nucleus (neck muscles, external intercostal muscles - conscious forced inspiration; pneumotaxic center = medial parabrachial nucleus + kolliker-fuse nucleus, breathing frequency); path: {kolliker-fuse nucleus, receptors to solitary nucleus} -> {phrenic nucleus, inspiratory; diaphragm} 
 TRACT ESS: extensor somatic system*; control extensor muscles
  • TRACT ACST: anterior corticospinal tract (ventral corticospinal tract); extensor motor, pyramidal tract, conscious (premotor BA 6, parietal BA 1,2,3)
  • TRACT MLFS: medial longitudinal fasciculus system; connects the cranial nerve nuclei III (oculomotor nerve), IV (trochlear nerve) and VI (abducens nerve) together, and integrates movements directed by the gaze centers (frontal eye field) and information about head movement (from cranial nerve VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve) (connects together III, IV, and VI; integral component of saccadic eye movements as well as vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes; tectospinal and vestibulospinal); path: {vestibular nucleus} -> {}
    • TRACT TCST: tectospinal tract; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to visual and auditory stimuli (extrapyramidal; in response to bright and sudden movements and loud noises)
    • TRACT VST: vestibulospinal tract; alter muscle tone, extend, and change position of limbs and head with goal of supporting posture and maintaining balance of body and head; maintain balance and to stabilize the visual image on the retina during head movements (extrapyramidal; proximal muscles, postural control; activates extensors, inhibits flexors; vestibular nuclei receive their primary input from the vestibular portion of C.N. VIII - vestibular-auditory)
      • TRACT LVST: lateral vestibulospinal tract; maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in legs (also innervates muscles of the trunk, thus additionally aiding in body posture; lateral vestibular nuclei receive input from cerebellum); path: {lateral vestibular nucleus; additional input from superior and inferior vestibular nuclei} -> {extensor muscles of legs}
      • TRACT MVST: medial vestibulospinal tract; controls position of the head, neck, and eyes in response to changes in posture (controlling lower motor neurons associated with the spinal accessory nerve - CN XI; additionally, projects superiorly to the paramedian pontine reticular formation, indirectly innervating the nuclei of CN VI and III); path: {medial vestibular nucleus} -> {spinal accessory nucleus, paramedian pontine reticular formation}
  • TRACT RTSS: reticulospinal system; locomotion and postural control (extrapyramidal; proximal muscles, postural control; integrates information from the motor systems to coordinate automatic movements of locomotion and posture; facilitates and inhibits voluntary movement; influences muscle tone; mediates autonomic functions; modulates pain impulses; influences blood flow to lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus)
    • TRACT MRST: medullary reticulospinal tract (lateral reticulospinal tract); inhibiting excitatory axial extensor muscles of movement; path: {Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus} -> {extensor muscles}
    • TRACT PRST: pontine reticulospinal tract (medial reticulospinal tract); exciting anti-gravity, extensor muscles; path: {Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus} -> {extensor muscles} 
 TRACT FSS: flexor somatic system*; control flexor muscles
  • TRACT BSS: corticobulbospinal system; pattern locomotion, inhibit reflex activity in spinal cord
    • TRACT CBT: corticobulbar tract; carrying the motor function of the non-oculomotor cranial nerves (V, VII, XI, and XII; indirectly - via IX and X in nucleus ambiguus)
    • TRACT RBST: rubrospinal tract; mediation of voluntary movement, upper limbs; control of flexor tone (extrapyramidal; activates flexors, inhibits extensors)
  • TRACT ASTT: lateral corticospinal tract; flexor motor, pyramidal tract, conscious; volitional skilled motor activity (90 percents of corticospinal fibers; 80 percents - contrallateral; 10 percents - unilateral; cervical-medial, thoracic, lumbar-lateral, distal muscles, decussating to contralateral and ipsilateral); path: {cortex BA 1-4,6} -> {muscle groups that require concentration and conscious thought to control; upper limb digits}
Retrieved from "http://wiki.ahuman.org/index.php?title=SpinalCordTracts&oldid=12382"