View source for BrainRegionFEC FT VP VM

<pre style="color: green">Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial</pre>
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaFEC]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM]]
----

This page covers biological details of component Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

* '''Top-down path to region''': Forebrain Telencephalon -> [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]] (FEC.FT.BG) -> Globus Pallidus (FEC.FT.GP) -> Ventral Pallidum (FEC.FT.VP) -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM|Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial]] (FEC.FT.VP.VM) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
* '''Type''': nucleus
* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaFEC|Forebrain - Execution Control Area]]
* '''Role''': basal.ganglia.pallidum
* '''Function''': motivational loop, NAcc-shell
* '''Notes to function''': projects to VTA, MD; circuit - VP-VM-medial, VMPFC, NAcc-medial-shell, MD-rostral-medial; circuit - VP-VM-lateral, VINS, NAcc-VL, MD-central
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


* no child items defined

= Connectivity =
(generated)


http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/FEC.FT.VP.VM.dot.png

'''Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_DL|FEC.FD.STN.DL]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral || excitatory-glu || [http://www.neurology.org/content/70/21/1991/F2.expansion.html Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN -> VP, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || inhibitory-gaba || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (NACC -> VPAL, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_IPAC_LT|FEC.FT.IPAC.LT]] || Lateral Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus || inhibitory-gaba || (unknown reference)
|}

'''Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || inhibitory-gaba || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (VP -> LHbM, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_TH_PT|FAM.FD.TH.PT]] || Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus || inhibitory-gaba || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || inhibitory-gaba || (unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei || inhibitory-gaba || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || inhibitory-gaba || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|NCP.FD.TH.MDC]] || Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus || inhibitory-gaba || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)]
|}

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

* [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference] (CT.LONG-TERM-MEMORY-VTA)

 ACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 DG=[[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG|Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG]]
 EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 PPTG=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]]
 SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e3d02da6dc6102c07ec019fae91c8253.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference] (CP.SACCADIC-VISION)

 BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
 LIP=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]]
 RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
 SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 SNpr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
 STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]])
 Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH
 VisualCortex=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e149203d6ac92f76e1ccabaef41666a6.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/images/nn.3779-F2.jpg Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Reference] (CF.HB-DA5HT)

 DBB=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]]
 DRN=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN]]
 GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 IPN=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]]
 LHA=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]]
 LHbL=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT]]
 LHbM=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED]]
 LPO=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]]
 LS=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT]]
 MHb=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]]
 MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation]])
 MS=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_MED|Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED]]
 PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei]])
 RMTg=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]]
 SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/97cf0802ee48a418ff7f70f80ce204e1.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg Craving] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference] (CF.CRAVING)

 NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial,FEC.FT.SNR.MED]]
 VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/03180da352394bdd7711e289118a3d96.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


= References =
(generated)

* http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html
* http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html