View source for BrainRegionNDM NC AL VACG

<pre style="color: green">Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area</pre>
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNDM]] -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG]]
----

This page covers biological details of component Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area.
Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

* '''Top-down path to region''': Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NC.ACG) -> Anterior Cingulate Cortex (NC.AL.ACG) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.VACG) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
* '''Type''': cortex
* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNDM|Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area]]
* '''Brodmann ID''': 24
* '''Role''': cortex.generic
* '''Function''': Seat of Free Will
* '''Notes to function''': 
** motor, attentional and cognitive functions
**  BA24-rostral
(generated)
= Components =
(generated)


* no child items defined

= Connectivity =
(generated)


http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/NDM.NC.AL.VACG.dot.png

'''Inbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB|FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|NCP.FD.TH.AM]] || Anteromedial Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Regulation of Social Brain (SGC -> VACC)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC|NCP.NC.INS.AIC]] || Anterior Insular Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> ACG, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || feedforward-glu || [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Principal Connections of Hippocampus (DorsalCingulate -> VentralCingulate)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|NDM.NC.AL.IPG]] || Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus || feedforward-glu || [http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full Directed Effort Network (fPole -> vACC)]
|}

'''Outbound Region Connections:'''

{| class=wikitable width=80%
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
|-
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD|FEC.FT.CN.BD]] || Caudate Nucleus Body || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_VT|FEC.FT.PU.VT]] || Ventral Putamen || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG|LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]] || Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)]
|-
|  || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|LLC.MM.RD]] || Red Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> RD, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || excitatory-glu || (unknown reference)
|-
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]] || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Principal Connections of Hippocampus (VentralCingulate -> PosteriorCingulate)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR]] || Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> LPFC, abstract)]
|-
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || (unknown reference)
|}

= Thirdparty Circuits =
(generated)

* [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.gif Principal Connections of Hippocampus] - see [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Reference] (CT.CINGULUM-CONNECTIONS)

 AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 DG=[[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG|Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG]]
 DorsalCingulate=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
 EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 HC=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 MB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB]]
 PosteriorCingulate=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]]
 SEP=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]]
 SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 VentralCingulate=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b2f112f73e5b1419bea90cefc9f4b29a.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)

 ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 BGA=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
 OPN=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN|Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN]]
 ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
 Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
 RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
 SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]
 SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
 SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn]])
 Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 VisualCortex=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7192d7e1c7041f25a6eddc32c4f67e91.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://dev.epubbud.com/uploads/9/2/6/9263981/images/Medical_Physiology_A_Systems_Approach__1e_2011_pdf/index-187_1.jpg Motor neurons control] - see [http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Reference] (CM.CR-MN)

 CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 EAMN=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 EGMN=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 FAMN=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 FG=[[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FG|Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG]]
 IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 LT=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 MRF=[[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation,HL.RF]]
 PRF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 RD=[[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]
 VB=[[BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN|Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/2c4f43876377580a8d7d56c656b782f4.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblconn.gif Cerebellum functional divisions] - see [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Reference] (CM.CR-DECUSSATION)

 CCV=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]]
 CRP=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC]]
 CRS=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV]]
 CRV=[[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM]]
 CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 DN=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 FG=[[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FG|Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG]]
 IO=[[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]]
 IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 LT=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 PNN=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_BPN|Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN]]
 RD=[[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]
 RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 SCM=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 SCS=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]]
 SCSD=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]]
 VB=[[BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN|Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN]]
 VBG=[[BrainCenterLPC_PN_SG_VB|Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB]]
 VL=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b5905a380626f8f7f1f3ad0a2bf2762a.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg Afferent pain pathways] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Reference] (CF.PAIN-PATH)

 ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 Cerebellum=[[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]]
 Insula=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 S2=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2|Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2]]
 SC=[[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH|Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH]]
 Thalamus=[[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/efdfc437211a8a58c0e2fdfb40cbfe3c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.medium.gif Role for serotonin in moral behavior] - see [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Reference] (CF.EMOTIONAL-MODULATION)

 ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 HYP=[[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus,FD.HT]]
 LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6c0fbccf57032694ec1009c388ac9561.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg Regulation of Social Brain] - see [http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Reference] (CT.SOCIAL-BRAIN)

 AMG=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 DACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
 DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 IFG=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG]]
 LSN=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
 MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 SGC=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]]
 SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 VACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
 VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/799323d73ce1925d1148d2575e2779a9.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/18691/fnhum-06-00184-HTML/image_m/fnhum-06-00184-g001.jpg Directed Effort Network] - see [http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full Reference] (CT.DIRECTED-EFFORT-NETWORK)

 AC22=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4]]
 ACA=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A2|Auditory Association Area,NSA.NC.TTG.A2]]
 AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 Insula=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 OPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 PPC=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
 dACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
 fPole=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG]]
 tPole=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_TPC|Temporopolar Cortex,NCP.NC.TPC]]
 vACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/4770740a2066720a5b5aa9ee4cb2f3bc.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

* [http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/10053/fnana-05-00034-r1/image_m/fnana-05-00034-g002.jpg Vocal Control] - see [http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Reference] (CM.VOCAL-CONTROL)

 A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
 Broca=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 M2=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
 MotorV=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_TRM|Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM]]
 MotorVII=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_FCM|Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM]]
 NucleusAmbiguus=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB]]
 NucleusXII=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_HYG|Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG]]
 Premotor24=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
 RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 Wernike=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4]]
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/d7ea49d94cfa13f82767b076295ae18c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">


= References =
(generated)

* http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
* http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/
* http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html
* http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html
* http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
* http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full
* http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full