Revision as of 12:53, 15 June 2016

Human Spinal Lumbosacral Nerves - Foot and lower leg

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This page is intended to list lumbo-sacral spinal cord nerves of biological human, which connect mind to human limbs and visceral organs.

Coverage verified by:

• http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nerve (name base)
• http://www.oluwoleogunranti.com/course/course1/nerves (MA reference)

LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG

(generated)

motor nuclei/ganglia:

• Posterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PL; NERVES={common peroneal nerve, articular branches; cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal; tibial nerve, muscular branches}
• Retroposterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.RPL; NERVES={plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch; plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch; plantar nerve, medial}
• Ventrolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VL; NERVES={fibular nerve, deep}

sensory nuclei/ganglia:

• Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG; NERVES={femoral nerve, leg; sciatic nerve}

nerves:

• femoral nerve, leg (MA:FEMORAL NERVE); ORIGIN={lumbar PLEXUS (L2-L4); descending behind the inguinal ligament to the femoral triangle}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of thigh and leg, muscles of front of thigh, and hip and knee joints}; MODALITY={general sensory}
  • 
  • fiber: GSA, types={A-delta-sensory}, endings={SAD}, chain={Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG -> Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG}
  • fiber: GSA, types={C-sensory}, endings={SFN}, chain={Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG -> Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG}
  • saphenous nerve (MA:SAPHENOUS NERVE); ORIGIN={termination of femoral nerve, descending first with femoral vessels and then on medial side of leg and foot, L3/L4}; BRANCHES={infrapatellar and medial crural cutaneous branches}; DISTRIBUTION={knee joint, subsartorial and patellar plexuses, skin on medial side of leg and foot}; MODALITY={general sensory}
    • saphenous nerve, infrapatellar and sartorial branches; MODALITY={general sensory}

• • • saphenous nerve, medial crural cutaneous branches; MODALITY={general sensory}

• sciatic nerve (MA:SCIATIC NERVE; ischiadic nerve (largest nerve of body)); ORIGIN={lumbosacral plexus L4/L5, S1-S3; it leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen}; BRANCHES={divides into the tibial and common fibular nerves, usually in lower third of thigh}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor, extensor motor}

• • fiber: GSA, types={A-delta-sensory}, endings={SAD}, chain={Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG -> Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG}
  • fiber: GSA, types={C-sensory}, endings={SFN}, chain={Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG -> Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG}
  • common peroneal nerve (MA:COMMON PERONEAL NERVE; popliteal nerve; common fibular nerve); ORIGIN={L4/L5, S1/S2, sciatic nerve in lower part of thigh}; DISTRIBUTION={supplies short head of biceps femoris muscle (while still incorporated in sciatic nerve), gives off lateral sural cutaneous nerve and fibular communicating branch as it descends in popliteal fossa, supplies knee and superior tibiofibular joints and tibialis anterior muscle, and divides into superficial and deep fibular nerves}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor, extensor motor}
    • common peroneal nerve, articular branches; ORIGIN={common peroneal nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={articular branches to the knee joint}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}; MUSCLES={Leg - biceps femoris muscle, peroneal - flexes knee joint, laterally rotates knee joint (when knee is flexed)}
      • 
      • fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={Posterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PL -> Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG}
    • cutaneous nerve of calf, lateral (MA:LATERAL CUTANEOUS NERVE OF CALF); ORIGIN={common peroneal nerve, L4/L5, S1}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of lateral side of back of leg, rarely may continue as the sural nerve}; MODALITY={general sensory}

• • • fibular nerve, deep (MA:DEEP PERONEAL NERVE); ORIGIN={terminal branch of common fibular nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={winds around the neck of the fibula and descends on the interosseous membrane to the front of the ankle; gives off muscular branches to anterior tibial, extensor of great toe, long extensor of toes, and third fibular muscles, and a twig to ankle joint; a lateral terminal division supplies the short extensor muscle of toes and tarsal joints; medial terminal division, or digital branch, divides into dorsal digital nerves for skin and joints of adjacent sides of first and second toes; Peroneous tertius, Extensor digitorum longus, Tibialis anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, Extensor digitorum brevis, Extensor hallucis brevis}; MODALITY={general sensory, extensor motor}; MUSCLES={Leg - extensor digitorum brevis muscle - extends digits 2, 3, and 4; Leg - extensor digitorum longus muscle - extension of toes and ankle; Leg - extensor hallucis brevis muscle - extension of hallux; Leg - extensor hallucis longus muscle - Extends the big toe and assists in dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle. Also is a weak invertor; Leg - fibularis tertius muscle - dorsi flexes and everts foot; Leg - tibialis anterior muscle - dorsiflex and invert the foot}
      • 
      • fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={Ventrolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VL -> Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG}
    • fibular nerve, superficial (MA:SUPERFICIAL FIBULAR NERVE, superficial peroneal nerve, musculocutaneous nerve of foot); ORIGIN={terminal branch of common fibular nerve}; BRANCHES={medial - medial dorsal cutaneous nerve, lasteral - intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={descends in front of the fibula, supplies long and short fibular muscles and, in the lower part of the leg, divides into the muscular branches, medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves; peroneous brevis, peroneous longus}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}; MUSCLES={Leg - fibularis brevis muscle - plantarflexion, eversion; Leg - fibularis longus muscle - plantarflexion, eversion}

• • • • cutaneous nerve of foot, intermediate dorsal; ORIGIN={superficial fibular nerve}; BRANCHES={dorsal digital nerves of foot}; DISTRIBUTION={skin of front of lower third of leg and dorsum of foot, and skin and joints of adjacent sides of 3/4 toes, and of 4/5 toes}; MODALITY={general sensory}

• • • • • digital nerves of foot, dorsal (MA:DORSAL DIGITAL NERVES OF FOOT); ORIGIN={superficial peroneal (medial and lateral) and deep peroneal nerve; intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin and joints of adjacent sides of 3/4 toes, and of 4/5 toes}; MODALITY={general sensory}
      • cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal; ORIGIN={superficial fibular nerve}; BRANCHES={dorsal digital nerves of foot}; DISTRIBUTION={nerves supplying 3-5 toes, skin and joints of medial side of foot and 1 toe, and adjacent sides of 2/3 toes; nerves supplying 1/2 toes, skin and joints of adjacent sides of 1/2 toes}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}

• • • • • fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={Posterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PL -> Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG}
    • sural communicating nerve (MA:FIBULAR COMMUNICATING NERVE); ORIGIN={common peroneal nerve, L4/L5, S1}; DISTRIBUTION={cutaneous branches, sural nerve}; MODALITY={general sensory}

• • sural nerve (MA:SURAL NERVE); ORIGIN={tibial nerve, L5, S1/S2; union of 3 nerves: medial and lateral sural cutaneus nerves, peroneal communicating branch}; BRANCHES={cutaneous branches, vascular branches, medial calcaneal branches}; DISTRIBUTION={cutaneous branch, back of leg, supplies skin of lateral 1/3 and posterior 2/3 of leg, skin on lateral aspect of foot up to little toe}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}
    • cutaneous nerve of foot, lateral dorsal; ORIGIN={continuation of sural nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin and joints of lateral side of foot and 5 toe}; MODALITY={general sensory}
      • 
    • plantar nerves; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}
      • plantar nerve, lateral (MA:LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE); ORIGIN={smaller of terminal branches of tibial nerve}; BRANCHES={muscular, superficial, and deep branches}; DISTRIBUTION={lying between first and second layers of muscles of sole, it supplies the quadratus of sole, abductor of little toe, short flexor of little toe, adductor of great toe, interosseous, and second, third, and fourth lumbrical muscles, and gives off cutaneous and articular twigs to lateral side of sole and fourth and fifth toes}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}; MUSCLES={Leg - abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot - flex and abduct the fifth toe; Leg - adductor hallucis muscle - adducts hallux; Leg - dorsal interossei muscles of the foot - abduct toes; Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, lateral - flex proximal phalanges and extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits}
        • 
        • plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch (MA:DEEP BRANCH OF LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE); ORIGIN={lateral plantar nerve, like ulnar nerve in palm}; DISTRIBUTION={deep surface of flexor tendons and adductor hallucis, muscular branches to all intrinsic and short muscles of sole excepting LAFF muscle; Quadratus plantae, Abductor hallucis, Adductor hallucis}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={Leg - quadratus plantae muscle - assists Flexor Digitorum Longus in flexion of DIP joints}

• • • • • • fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={Retroposterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG}
        • plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch (MA:SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE); ORIGIN={lateral plantar nerve}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}
          • fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={Retroposterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG}
          • plantar nerve, lateral, digital branches branch (MA:DIGITAL BRANCHES OF LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE); DISTRIBUTION={lateral side of 4th/5th toe, interdigital cleft for 4th and 5th; flexor digiti minimi brevis, Abductor digiti minimi, Dorsal interossei, Plantar interossei}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={Leg - flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle of foot - flex and adduct the fifth toe; Leg - plantar interossei muscles - adduct toes}
            • digital nerves of lateral plantar nerve, common plantar; ORIGIN={superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve}; BRANCHES={the medial nerve gives rise to two proper plantar digital nerves}; DISTRIBUTION={the lateral one to the short flexor muscle of little toe and to skin and joints of lateral side of sole and little toe; the medial one to adjacent sides of fourth and fifth toes}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}
              • digital nerves of lateral plantar nerve, proper plantar; ORIGIN={common plantar digital nerves}; DISTRIBUTION={short flexor muscle of little toe, skin and joints of lateral side of sole and little toe, and adjacent sides of fourth and fifth toes}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}
      • plantar nerve, medial (MA:MEDIAL PLANTAR NERVE); ORIGIN={tibial nerve, L4-L5}; BRANCHES={cutaneous, proper digital nerve to 1st toe, common digital nerve to 1st-2nd/2nd-3rd/3rd-4th, muscular branches to first lumbrical/abductor hallucis/flexor hallucis brevis/flexor digitorum}; MODALITY={flexor motor, general sensory}; MUSCLES={Leg - abductor hallucis muscle - abducts hallux; Leg - flexor digitorum brevis muscle - flexes lateral four toes; Leg - flexor digitorum longus muscle - primary action is flex digits}
        • fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={Retroposterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG}
        • plantar nerve, medial, branches to LAFF muscles; DISTRIBUTION={muscular branches to first lumbrical/abductor hallucis/flexor hallucis brevis/flexor digitorum}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}; MUSCLES={Leg - flexor hallucis brevis muscle - flex hallux; Leg - lumbrical muscle of foot, medial - flex proximal phalanges and extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits}

• • • • • plantar nerve, medial, common digital branches (MA:COMMON DIGITAL BRANCHES OF MEDIAL PLANTAR NERVE); ORIGIN={medial plantar nerve, L4-L5}; BRANCHES={cutaneous branch to 1 toe, muscular branches to short flexor muscles of toes, flexor digitorum brevis}; DISTRIBUTION={1-4 toes}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}

• • • • • • plantar nerve, medial, proper digital branches; ORIGIN={medial plantar nerve, L4-L5}; BRANCHES={common digital nerve to 1/2, 2/3, 3/4 toes}; DISTRIBUTION={1-4 toes}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}

• • • sural nerve, calcaneal branches, medial (MA:MEDIAL CALCANEAL BRANCHES OF SURAL NERVE; medial sural cutaneous nerve); ORIGIN={sural nerve, L5, S1/S2}; DISTRIBUTION={cutaneous branch}; MODALITY={general sensory}
      • 
  • tibial nerve (MA:TIBIAL NERVE); ORIGIN={sciatic nerve in lower part of thigh, L4/L5, S1-S3}; BRANCHES={interosseous nerve of leg, medial cutaneous nerve of calf, sural nerve, and medial and lateral plantar nerves, and muscular and medial calcaneal branches}; DISTRIBUTION={while still incorporated in the sciatic nerve, it supplies the semimembranous and semitendinous muscles, long head of biceps, and great adductor muscle; it supplies the knee joint as it descends in the popliteal fossa and, continuing into the leg, supplies the muscles and skin of the calf and sole of the foot, and the toes}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}; MUSCLES={Leg - accessory soleus muscle - plantar flexion; Leg - adductor magnus muscle, tibial - adduction of hip; Leg - adductor minimus muscle, tibial - adduction and lateral rotation of thigh; Leg - biceps femoris muscle, tibial - extends hip joint (long head only); Leg - flexor hallucis longus muscle - flexes all joints of the Hallux, plantar flexion of the ankle joint; Leg - semimembranosus muscle - hip extension, knee flexion; Leg - semitendinosus muscle - flex knee, extend hip joint; Leg - soleus muscle - plantar flexion}
    • cutaneous nerve of calf, medial (medial sural cutaneous nerve); ORIGIN={tibial nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={skin on back of leg, and skin and joints on lateral side of heel and foot}; MODALITY={general sensory}

• • • interosseous nerve of leg; ORIGIN={tibial nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={interosseous membrane and tibiofibular syndesmosis}; MODALITY={general sensory}

• • • tibial nerve, muscular branches; ORIGIN={tibial nerve}; DISTRIBUTION={Gastrocnemius}; MODALITY={general sensory, flexor motor}; MUSCLES={Leg - gastrocnemius muscle - plantar flexion, flexion of knee (minor); Leg - plantaris muscle - plantar flexes foot and flexes knee; Leg - popliteus muscle - medial rotation and flexion of knee; Leg - tibialis posterior muscle - inversion of the foot, plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle}

• • • • fiber: GSE, types={A-alpha-Ia-motor}, endings={MA}, chain={Posterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PL -> Leg,TARGET.TEA.LEG}