Revision as of 00:10, 18 June 2015

Hand

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This page covers biological details of component Hand. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to region: Target -> Human Effectors (aHumanEffectors) -> Hand (TARGET.TEA.HAND) (see Mind Maps)
• Type: effector
• Brain area: Effector Area
• Role: unknown
• Function: Primary Execution Motor

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

• Hand somatic sensory data (hand-somatic-sensory)
  • Hand - hand somatic receptors (hand-somatic-receptors -> LPC.PN.SG.UDRG): somatic sensations
• Hand shoulder (hand-shoulder)
  • Hand shoulder flexors (hand-shoulder-flexors)
    • Hand - infraspinatus muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> infraspinatus-muscle): lateral rotation of arm; adduction of arm and stabilizes humerus
    • Hand - supraspinatus muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> supraspinatus-muscle): abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus
    • Hand - deltoid muscle, anterior (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> anterior-deltoid-muscle): shoulder flexion
    • Hand - coracobrachialis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> coracobrachialis-muscle): flexes and adducts humerus
    • Hand - levator claviculae muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> levator-claviculae-muscle): lifts clavicle
    • Hand - levator scapulae muscle, roots (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> levator-scapulae-muscle-roots): elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
    • Hand - levator scapulae muscle, scapular (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> levator-scapulae-muscle-scapular): elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
    • Hand - pectoralis major muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> pectoralis-major-muscle): clavicular head: flexes the humerus; sternocostal head: extends the humerus; as a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
    • Hand - rhomboid major muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> rhomboid-major-muscle): retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity; it also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
    • Hand - rhomboid minor muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> rhomboid-minor-muscle): retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity; it also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
    • Hand - serratus anterior muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> serratus-anterior-muscle): retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity; it also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
    • Hand - sternalis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> sternalis-muscle): protract and stabilize scapula, assists in upward rotation
  • Hand shoulder extensors (hand-shoulder-extensors)
    • Hand - subscapularis muscle, lower (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> subscapularis-muscle-lower): rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder
    • Hand - subscapularis muscle, upper (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> subscapularis-muscle-upper): rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder
    • Hand - teres major muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> shoulder-teres-major-muscle): internal rotation of the humerus
    • Hand - latissimus dorsi muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> shoulder-latissimus-dorsi-muscle): pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally
    • Hand - deltoid muscle, lateral and posterior (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> posteriolateral-deltoid-muscle): shoulder abduction, extension
    • Hand - pectoralis minor muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> pectoralis-minor-muscle): stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
    • Hand - subclavius muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> subclavius-muscle): depression of clavicle
    • Hand - trapezius muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> trapezius-muscle): descending (superior) part elevates; ascending (inferior) part depresses; and middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
• Hand elbow (hand-elbow)
  • Hand elbow flexors (hand-elbow-flexors)
    • Hand - biceps muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> biceps-muscle): flexes elbow and supinates forearm
    • Hand - brachialis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> brachialis-muscle): flexion at elbow joint
    • Hand - pronator quadratus muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> pronator-quadratus-muscle): pronates the forearm
    • Hand - pronator teres muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> pronator-teres-muscle): pronation of forearm, flexes elbow
  • Hand elbow extensors (hand-elbow-extensors)
    • Hand - teres minor muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> teres-minor-muscle): laterally rotates and adducts the arm
    • Hand - triceps brachii muscle, axillary (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> triceps-brachii-muscle-axillary): extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder
    • Hand - triceps brachii muscle, radial (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> triceps-brachii-muscle-radial): extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder
    • Hand - articularis cubiti muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> articularis-cubiti-muscle): lifts capsule away from joint
    • Hand - supinator muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> supinator-muscle): supinates forearm
    • Hand - anconeus muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> anconeus-muscle): partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm; stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation
    • Hand - brachioradialis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> brachioradialis-muscle): stabilizer of elbow joint
• Hand wrist (hand-wrist)
  • Hand wrist flexors (hand-wrist-flexors)
    • Hand - flexor carpi radialis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> flexor-carpi-radialis-muscle): flexion and abduction at wrist
    • Hand - flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> flexor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle): flexion and adduction of wrist
    • Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, interosseous (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-interosseous): flex hand, interphalangeal joints; flexor of the wrist (midcarpal), metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints; flexes the 2-5 digits
    • Hand - palmaris longus muscle (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> palmaris-longus-muscle): wrist flexor
    • Hand - palmaris brevis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> palmaris-brevis-muscle): wrinkle skin of palm
  • Hand wrist extensors (hand-wrist-extensors)
    • Hand - extensor digiti minimi muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-digiti-minimi-muscle): extends and adducts the wrist
    • Hand - extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-carpi-radialis-brevis-muscle): extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist
    • Hand - extensor carpi radialis longus muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-carpi-radialis-longus-muscle): extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint
• Hand fingers (hand-fingers)
  • Hand fingers flexors (hand-fingers-flexors)
    • Hand - flexor pollicis longus muscle (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-pollicis-longus-muscle): flexor of the phalanges of the thumb
    • Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, median (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle): flexion of thumb
    • Hand - flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-digitorum-superficialis-muscle): flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints); flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints
    • Hand - abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle): abduction of little finger
    • Hand - abductor pollicis brevis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> abductor-pollicis-brevis-muscle): abduction of thumb
    • Hand - adductor pollicis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> adductor-pollicis-muscle): adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint
    • Hand - dorsal interossei muscles of the hand (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> dorsal-interossei-muscle-hand): abduct fingers
    • Hand - flexor digiti minimi brevis of hand (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle-hand): flexes little finger
    • Hand - flexor digitorum profundus muscle, ulnar (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-ulnar): flex hand, interphalangeal joints; flexor of the wrist (midcarpal), metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints; flexes the 2-5 digits
    • Hand - flexor pollicis brevis muscle, ulnar (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle-ulnar): flexion of thumb
    • Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, median (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> lumbricals-hand-muscles-median): flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
    • Hand - lumbricals of the hand muscles, ulnar (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> lumbricals-hand-muscles-ulnar): flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
    • Hand - opponens digiti minimi muscle (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> opponens-digiti-minimi-muscles): draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb
    • Hand - opponens pollicis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> opponens-pollicis-muscle): opposition of the thumb
    • Hand - palmar interossei muscles (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> palmar-interossei-muscles): adduct the fingers towards middle finger
  • Hand fingers extensors (hand-fingers-extensors)
    • Hand - abductor pollicis longus muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> abductor-pollicis-longus-muscle): abduction, extension of thumb
    • Hand - extensor carpi ulnaris muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle): extends the little finger at all joints
    • Hand - extensor digitorum muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-digitorum-muscle): extension of hand and fingers
    • Hand - extensor indicis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-indicis-muscle): extends index finger, wrist
    • Hand - extensor pollicis brevis muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-pollicis-brevis-muscle): extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
    • Hand - extensor pollicis longus muscle (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-pollicis-longus-muscle): extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)

Connectivity

(generated)

Inbound Region Connections:

Outbound Region Connections:

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• no circuits defined

References

(generated)

• no references defined