BrainRegionTARGET TEA HAND

Hand

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This page covers biological details of component Hand. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to region: Target -> Human Effectors (aHumanEffectors) -> Hand (TARGET.TEA.HAND) (see Mind Maps)
• Type: effector
• Brain area: Effector Area
• Role: unknown
• Function: Primary Execution Motor

(generated)

Components

(generated)

• Component items*:
• Hand somatic sensory data (hand-somatic-sensory)
  • Hand - hand somatic receptors (hand-somatic-receptors -> LPC.PN.SG.UDRG): somatic sensations
• Hand shoulder (hand-shoulder)
  • Hand shoulder flexors (hand-shoulder-flexors)
    • [- infraspinatus muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> infraspinatus-muscle): lateral rotation of arm; adduction of arm and stabilizes humerus
    • [- supraspinatus muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> supraspinatus-muscle): abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus
    • [- deltoid muscle, anterior] (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> anterior-deltoid-muscle): shoulder flexion
    • [- coracobrachialis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> coracobrachialis-muscle): flexes and adducts humerus
    • [- levator claviculae muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> levator-claviculae-muscle): lifts clavicle
    • [- levator scapulae muscle, roots] (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> levator-scapulae-muscle-roots): elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
    • [- levator scapulae muscle, scapular] (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> levator-scapulae-muscle-scapular): elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
    • [- pectoralis major muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> pectoralis-major-muscle): clavicular head: flexes the humerus; sternocostal head: extends the humerus; as a whole, adducts and medially rotates the humerus. It also draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
    • [- rhomboid major muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> rhomboid-major-muscle): retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity; it also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
    • [- rhomboid minor muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> rhomboid-minor-muscle): retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity; it also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
    • [- serratus anterior muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> serratus-anterior-muscle): retracts the scapula and rotates it to depress the glenoid cavity; it also fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
    • [- sternalis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> sternalis-muscle): protract and stabilize scapula, assists in upward rotation
  • Hand shoulder extensors (hand-shoulder-extensors)
    • [- subscapularis muscle, lower] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> subscapularis-muscle-lower): rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder
    • [- subscapularis muscle, upper] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> subscapularis-muscle-upper): rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder
    • [- teres major muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> shoulder-teres-major-muscle): internal rotation of the humerus
    • [- latissimus dorsi muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> shoulder-latissimus-dorsi-muscle): pulls the forelimb dorsally and caudally
    • [- deltoid muscle, lateral and posterior] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> posteriolateral-deltoid-muscle): shoulder abduction, extension
    • [- pectoralis minor muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> pectoralis-minor-muscle): stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
    • [- subclavius muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> subclavius-muscle): depression of clavicle
    • [- trapezius muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> trapezius-muscle): descending (superior) part elevates; ascending (inferior) part depresses; and middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
• Hand elbow (hand-elbow)
  • Hand elbow flexors (hand-elbow-flexors)
    • [- biceps muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> biceps-muscle): flexes elbow and supinates forearm
    • [- brachialis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> brachialis-muscle): flexion at elbow joint
    • [- pronator quadratus muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> pronator-quadratus-muscle): pronates the forearm
    • [- pronator teres muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PL -> pronator-teres-muscle): pronation of forearm, flexes elbow
  • Hand elbow extensors (hand-elbow-extensors)
    • [- teres minor muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> teres-minor-muscle): laterally rotates and adducts the arm
    • [- triceps brachii muscle, axillary] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> triceps-brachii-muscle-axillary): extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder
    • [- triceps brachii muscle, radial] (LPC.SC.VH.VM -> triceps-brachii-muscle-radial): extends forearm, caput longum adducts shoulder
    • [- articularis cubiti muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> articularis-cubiti-muscle): lifts capsule away from joint
    • [- supinator muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> supinator-muscle): supinates forearm
    • [- anconeus muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> anconeus-muscle): partly blended in with the triceps, which it assists in extension of the forearm; stabilises the elbow and abducts the ulna during pronation
    • [- brachioradialis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> brachioradialis-muscle): stabilizer of elbow joint
• Hand wrist (hand-wrist)
  • Hand wrist flexors (hand-wrist-flexors)
    • [- flexor carpi radialis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> flexor-carpi-radialis-muscle): flexion and abduction at wrist
    • [- flexor carpi ulnaris muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.PM -> flexor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle): flexion and adduction of wrist
    • [- flexor digitorum profundus muscle, interosseous] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-interosseous): flex hand, interphalangeal joints; flexor of the wrist (midcarpal), metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints; flexes the 2-5 digits
    • [- palmaris longus muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> palmaris-longus-muscle): wrist flexor
    • [- palmaris brevis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> palmaris-brevis-muscle): wrinkle skin of palm
  • Hand wrist extensors (hand-wrist-extensors)
    • [- extensor digiti minimi muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-digiti-minimi-muscle): extends and adducts the wrist
    • [- extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-carpi-radialis-brevis-muscle): extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist
    • [- extensor carpi radialis longus muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-carpi-radialis-longus-muscle): extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint
• Hand fingers (hand-fingers)
  • Hand fingers flexors (hand-fingers-flexors)
    • [- flexor pollicis longus muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-pollicis-longus-muscle): flexor of the phalanges of the thumb
    • [- flexor pollicis brevis muscle, median] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle): flexion of thumb
    • [- flexor digitorum superficialis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-digitorum-superficialis-muscle): flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints); flexion of the middle phalanges of the fingers at the proximal interphalangeal joints
    • [- abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle): abduction of little finger
    • [- abductor pollicis brevis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> abductor-pollicis-brevis-muscle): abduction of thumb
    • [- adductor pollicis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> adductor-pollicis-muscle): adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint
    • [- dorsal interossei muscles of the hand] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> dorsal-interossei-muscle-hand): abduct fingers
    • [- flexor digiti minimi brevis of hand] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-muscle-hand): flexes little finger
    • [- flexor digitorum profundus muscle, ulnar] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-digitorum-profundus-muscle-ulnar): flex hand, interphalangeal joints; flexor of the wrist (midcarpal), metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints; flexes the 2-5 digits
    • [- flexor pollicis brevis muscle, ulnar] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> flexor-pollicis-brevis-muscle-ulnar): flexion of thumb
    • [- lumbricals of the hand muscles, median] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> lumbricals-hand-muscles-median): flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
    • [- lumbricals of the hand muscles, ulnar] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> lumbricals-hand-muscles-ulnar): flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
    • [- opponens digiti minimi muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> opponens-digiti-minimi-muscles): draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb
    • [- opponens pollicis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> opponens-pollicis-muscle): opposition of the thumb
    • [- palmar interossei muscles] (LPC.SC.VH.RPL -> palmar-interossei-muscles): adduct the fingers towards middle finger
  • Hand fingers extensors (hand-fingers-extensors)
    • [- abductor pollicis longus muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> abductor-pollicis-longus-muscle): abduction, extension of thumb
    • [- extensor carpi ulnaris muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-carpi-ulnaris-muscle): extends the little finger at all joints
    • [- extensor digitorum muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-digitorum-muscle): extension of hand and fingers
    • [- extensor indicis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-indicis-muscle): extends index finger, wrist
    • [- extensor pollicis brevis muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-pollicis-brevis-muscle): extension of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
    • [- extensor pollicis longus muscle] (LPC.SC.VH.VL -> extensor-pollicis-longus-muscle): extension of the thumb (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)

Connectivity

(generated)

• Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || LPC || LPC.SC.VH.PL || Posterolateral Nucleus || biceps-muscle || (unknown reference) || || || LPC.SC.VH.PM || Posteromedial Nucleus || anterior-deltoid-muscle || (unknown reference) || || || LPC.SC.VH.RPL || Retroposterolateral Nucleus || abductor-digiti-minimi-muscle || (unknown reference) || || || LPC.SC.VH.VL || Ventrolateral Nucleus || abductor-pollicis-longus-muscle || (unknown reference) || || || LPC.SC.VH.VM || Ventromedial Nucleus || posteriolateral-deltoid-muscle || (unknown reference) ||

• Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || LPC || LPC.PN.SG.UDRG || Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion || hand-somatic-receptors || (unknown reference) ||

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• no circuits defined

References

(generated)

• no references defined