Revision as of 08:52, 23 October 2015

Ear

@@Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaTSA -> BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR

This page covers biological details of component Ear. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to region: Target -> Human Sensors (aHumanSensors) -> Ear (TARGET.TSA.EAR) (see Mind Maps)
• Type: sensor
• Brain area: Sensor Area
• Role: targetsensor
• Function: Auditory and Vestibular Sensor

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

• Ear sound sensory data (ear-sensory-sound-data)
  • Ear - inner hair cells (ear-inner-hair-cells -> LPC.PN.SG.SP): frequency-aligned tonotopic mapping
  • Ear - outer hair cells feedback (ear-outer-hair-cells-feedback -> LPC.PN.SG.SP): verifies amplify actions done
  • Ear - somatic receptors (ear-somatic -> LPC.PN.SG.GNG): from skin to geniculate ganglion to spinal trigeminal nucleus
  • Ear - outer ear skin (ear-external-skin -> LPC.PN.SG.UDRG): skin over the mastoid process, back of the auricle, lobule and a portion of the scalp
  • Ear - acoustic meatus skin (ear-acoustic-meatus-skin -> LPC.PN.SG.TRG): from skin lining external acoustic meatus, and tympanic membrane to trigeminal gangion
  • Ear - visceral receptors (ear-visceral -> LPC.PN.SG.JUG): pain, temperature, and touch
  • Ear - timpanic cavity (ear-timpanic-cavity -> LPC.PN.SG.PET): pain, temperature, and touch
• Ear vestibular sensory data (ear-sensory-vestibular-data)
  • Ear - semicircular canals, cristae (ear-semicircular-canals -> LPC.PN.SG.CVB): activate afferent receptors in response to rotational acceleration
  • Ear - utricle, maculae (ear-utricle -> LPC.PN.SG.UVB): activate afferent receptors in response to horizontal linear acceleration
  • Ear - saccule, maculae (ear-saccule -> LPC.PN.SG.SVB): activate afferent receptors in response to vertical linear acceleration
• Ear sound sensory control (ear-sensory-control)
  • Ear - outer hair cells (LPC.MM.SOC -> ear-outer-hair-cells): contracts basilar membrane; mechanically amplify low-level sound that enters cochlea
  • Ear - stapedius muscle (LPC.HT.FCM -> ear-stapedius): dampens vibrations of stapes
  • Ear - tympanic membrane muscle (LPC.HT.TRM -> ear-tensor-tympani-muscle): dampen sounds, such as those produced from chewing
• Ear move muscles (ear-move)
  • Ear - anterior auricular muscle (LPC.HT.FCM -> ear-anterior-auricular-muscle): pulls ear forward
  • Ear - posterior auricular muscle (LPC.HT.FCM -> ear-posterior-auricular-muscle): pulls ear backward
  • Ear - superior auricular muscle (LPC.HT.FCM -> ear-superior-auricular-muscle): pulls ear upward
  • Ear - oblique muscle of auricle (LPC.HT.FCM -> ear-oblique-auricular-muscle): movement of the ears
  • Ear - temporoparietalis muscle (LPC.HT.FCM -> ear-temporoparietalis-muscle): assist the frontal belly in drawing the epicranial aponeurosis towards the front of the cranium

Connectivity

(generated)

Inbound Region Connections:

Outbound Region Connections:

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• Auditory System Model - see Reference

• Five Parallel Auditory Pathways - see Reference

• Auditory System in Brain - see Reference

References

(generated)

• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644605035427
• http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns
• http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd6.html