Ear

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This page covers biological details of component Ear. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

Top-down path to region: Target -> Human Sensors (aHumanSensors) -> Ear (TARGET.TSA.EAR) (see Mind Maps)
Type: sensor
Brain area: Sensor Area
Role: unknown
Function: Auditory and Vestibular Sensor

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

Ear sound sensory data (ear-sensory-sound-data)
- Ear - inner hair cells (ear-inner-hair-cells -> LPC.PN.SG.SP): frequency-aligned tonotopic mapping
- Ear - outer hair cells feedback (ear-outer-hair-cells-feedback -> LPC.PN.SG.SP): verifies amplify actions done
- Ear - somatic receptors (ear-somatic -> LPC.PN.SG.GNG): from skin to geniculate ganglion to spinal trigeminal nucleus
- Ear - outer ear skin (ear-external-skin -> LPC.PN.SG.UDRG): skin over the mastoid process, back of the auricle, lobule and a portion of the scalp
- Ear - acoustic meatus skin (ear-acoustic-meatus-skin -> LPC.PN.SG.TRG): from skin lining external acoustic meatus, and tympanic membrane to trigeminal gangion
- Ear - visceral receptors (ear-visceral -> LPC.PN.SG.JUG): pain, temperature, and touch
- Ear - timpanic cavity (ear-timpanic-cavity -> LPC.PN.SG.PET): pain, temperature, and touch
Ear vestibular sensory data (ear-sensory-vestibular-data)
- Ear - semicircular canals, cristae (ear-semicircular-canals -> LPC.PN.SG.CVB): activate afferent receptors in response to rotational acceleration
- Ear - utricle, maculae (ear-utricle -> LPC.PN.SG.UVB): activate afferent receptors in response to horizontal linear acceleration
- Ear - saccule, maculae (ear-saccule -> LPC.PN.SG.SVB): activate afferent receptors in response to vertical linear acceleration
Ear sound sensory control (ear-sensory-control)
- [- outer hair cells] (LPC.MM.SOC -> ear-outer-hair-cells): contracts basilar membrane; mechanically amplify low-level sound that enters cochlea
- [- stapedius muscle] (LPC.HP.FCM -> ear-stapedius): dampens vibrations of stapes
- [- tympanic membrane muscle] (LPC.HP.PTP.TRM -> ear-tensor-tympani-muscle): dampen sounds, such as those produced from chewing
Ear move muscles (ear-move)
- [- anterior auricular muscle] (LPC.HP.FCM -> ear-anterior-auricular-muscle): pulls ear forward
- [- posterior auricular muscle] (LPC.HP.FCM -> ear-posterior-auricular-muscle): pulls ear backward
- [- superior auricular muscle] (LPC.HP.FCM -> ear-superior-auricular-muscle): pulls ear upward
- [- oblique muscle of auricle] (LPC.HP.FCM -> ear-oblique-auricular-muscle): movement of the ears
- [- temporoparietalis muscle] (LPC.HP.FCM -> ear-temporoparietalis-muscle): assist the frontal belly in drawing the epicranial aponeurosis towards the front of the cranium

Connectivity

(generated)

TARGET.TSA.EAR.dot.png

Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
LPC	LPC.HP.FCM	Facial Motor Nucleus	ear-anterior-auricular-muscle	(unknown reference)
	LPC.HP.PTP.TRM	Trigeminal Motor Nucleus	ear-tensor-tympani-muscle	(unknown reference)
	LPC.MM.SOC	Superior Olivary Complex	ear-outer-hair-cells	[Parallel Auditory Pathways (VNTB -> Cochlea)]

Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
LPC	LPC.PN.SG.CVB	Vestibular Ganglion - Semicircular Canal Neurons	ear-semicircular-canals	(unknown reference)
	LPC.PN.SG.GNG	Geniculate Ganglion	ear-somatic	(unknown reference)
	LPC.PN.SG.JUG	Jugular Ganglion	ear-visceral	(unknown reference)
	LPC.PN.SG.PET	Petrosal Ganglion	ear-timpanic-cavity	(unknown reference)
	LPC.PN.SG.SP	Spiral Ganglion	ear-inner-hair-cells	[System Model (Ear -> CochleaGanglion)]
	LPC.PN.SG.SVB	Vestibular Ganglion - Saccule Neurons	ear-saccule	(unknown reference)
	LPC.PN.SG.TRG	Trigeminal Ganglion	ear-acoustic-meatus-skin	(unknown reference)
	LPC.PN.SG.UDRG	Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion	ear-external-skin	(unknown reference)
	LPC.PN.SG.UVB	Vestibular Ganglion - Utricle Neurons	ear-utricle	(unknown reference)