Difference between revisions of "MindTracts"

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<pre style="color: green">Biological Mind Tracts</pre>
 
<pre style="color: green">Biological Mind Tracts</pre>
 
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[MindTracts]]
 
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[MindTracts]]
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'''Motor Endings''':
 
'''Motor Endings''':
  
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* '''Alpha motoneurons''' (MA): generate large force (extrafusal muscle fibres, voluntary movement)
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* '''Alpha motoneurons''' (MA): generate large force
** '''FF-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-FF): fast-twitch fatigable (run; generate large force, poor efficiency; biggest motoneurons, type IIB extrafusal muscle fibers; affected by static beta motoneurons); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial}
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** '''FF-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-FF): fast-twitch fatigable; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}
** '''FR-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-FR): fast-twitch fatigue-resistant (walk; type IIA extrafusal muscle fibers; affected by static beta motoneurons); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial}
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: axillary nerve, anterior branch, axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii, dorsal scapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, long thoracic nerve, medial pectoral nerve, median nerve, motor, forearm innervation, median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation, musculocutaneous nerve, motor, nerve to levator scapulae, radial nerve, motor, subclavian nerve, subscapular nerves, suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation
** '''S-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-S): slow-twitch fatigue-resistant (stand; type I muscle fibers; little force, metabolically efficient, affected by dynamic beta motoneurons); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial}
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL - TRUNK MOTOR NERVES]]: first intercostal nerve, motor nerves of back, extensors, motor nerves of back, flexors, subcostal nerve, motor, thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors, thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors, thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors
* '''Beta motoneurons''' (MB): affect both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers (intrafusal/extrafusal muscle fibres, voluntary movement)
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*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: accessory nerve, external, accessory nerve, internal, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch, facial nerve, buccal branch, facial nerve, cervical branch, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mouth opening muscles, facial nerve, temporal branch, facial nerve, zygomatic branch, mylohyoid nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles, stapedius nerve
** '''beta dynamic motoneurons''' (MB-D): slow contracting motor units (type I extrafusal muscle fibers and the intrafusal bag1 fiber); FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
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*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: abducent nerve, cochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch, hypoglossal nerve, laryngeal nerve, external, oculomotor nerve, inferior branch, trochlear nerve, vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch
** '''beta static motoneurons''' (MB-S): fast contracting motor units (type IIA or IIB extrafusal fibers and the intrafusal bag2 fiber); FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: ansa cervicalis, nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles, nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles, nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles, nerve to splenius capitis muscle, nerve to splenius cervilis muscle, occipital nerve, greater, suboccipital nerve, thyroid nerve
* '''Gamma motoneurons''' (MG): enforce alpha motoneurons (intrafusal muscle fibers, muscle tonus, additional contracts to maintain sensitivity in stretched state; originate in pontine RF)
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES]]: phrenic nerve
** '''gamma dynamic motoneurons''' (MG-D): contract muscle spindles from both ends (intrafusal bag1 fiber ); FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]]: common peroneal nerve, articular branches, cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal, fibular nerve, deep, plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch, plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch, plantar nerve, medial, tibial nerve, muscular branches
** '''gamma static motoneurons''' (MG-S): contract muscle spindles from both ends (intrafusal bag2 fiber and the nuclear chain fibers); FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis, genitofemoral nerve, genital, inferior rectal nerve, nerve to superficial transverse perineal, nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perineal nerve, deep branch
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]]: femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor, femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor, gluteal nerve, inferior, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, nerve to psoas muscles, nerve to quadratus lumborum, obturator nerve, piriform nerve
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** '''FR-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-FR): fast-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: axillary nerve, anterior branch, axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii, dorsal scapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, long thoracic nerve, medial pectoral nerve, median nerve, motor, forearm innervation, median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation, musculocutaneous nerve, motor, nerve to levator scapulae, radial nerve, motor, subclavian nerve, subscapular nerves, suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL - TRUNK MOTOR NERVES]]: first intercostal nerve, motor nerves of back, extensors, motor nerves of back, flexors, subcostal nerve, motor, thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors, thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors, thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors
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*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: accessory nerve, external, accessory nerve, internal, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch, facial nerve, buccal branch, facial nerve, cervical branch, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mouth opening muscles, facial nerve, temporal branch, facial nerve, zygomatic branch, mylohyoid nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles, stapedius nerve
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*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: abducent nerve, cochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch, hypoglossal nerve, laryngeal nerve, external, oculomotor nerve, inferior branch, trochlear nerve, vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: ansa cervicalis, nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles, nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles, nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles, nerve to splenius capitis muscle, nerve to splenius cervilis muscle, occipital nerve, greater, suboccipital nerve, thyroid nerve
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES]]: phrenic nerve
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]]: common peroneal nerve, articular branches, cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal, fibular nerve, deep, plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch, plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch, plantar nerve, medial, tibial nerve, muscular branches
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis, genitofemoral nerve, genital, inferior rectal nerve, nerve to superficial transverse perineal, nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perineal nerve, deep branch
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]]: femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor, femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor, gluteal nerve, inferior, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, nerve to psoas muscles, nerve to quadratus lumborum, obturator nerve, piriform nerve
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** '''S-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-S): slow-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: axillary nerve, anterior branch, axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii, dorsal scapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, long thoracic nerve, medial pectoral nerve, median nerve, motor, forearm innervation, median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation, musculocutaneous nerve, motor, nerve to levator scapulae, radial nerve, motor, subclavian nerve, subscapular nerves, suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL - TRUNK MOTOR NERVES]]: first intercostal nerve, motor nerves of back, extensors, motor nerves of back, flexors, subcostal nerve, motor, thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors, thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors, thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors
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*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: accessory nerve, external, accessory nerve, internal, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch, facial nerve, buccal branch, facial nerve, cervical branch, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mouth opening muscles, facial nerve, temporal branch, facial nerve, zygomatic branch, mylohyoid nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles, stapedius nerve
 +
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: abducent nerve, cochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch, hypoglossal nerve, laryngeal nerve, external, oculomotor nerve, inferior branch, trochlear nerve, vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: ansa cervicalis, nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles, nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles, nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles, nerve to splenius capitis muscle, nerve to splenius cervilis muscle, occipital nerve, greater, suboccipital nerve, thyroid nerve
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES]]: phrenic nerve
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]]: common peroneal nerve, articular branches, cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal, fibular nerve, deep, plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch, plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch, plantar nerve, medial, tibial nerve, muscular branches
 +
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis, genitofemoral nerve, genital, inferior rectal nerve, nerve to superficial transverse perineal, nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perineal nerve, deep branch
 +
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]]: femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor, femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor, gluteal nerve, inferior, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, nerve to psoas muscles, nerve to quadratus lumborum, obturator nerve, piriform nerve
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* '''Beta motoneurons''' (MB): affect both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers
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** '''beta dynamic motoneurons''' (MB-D): slow contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
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** '''beta static motoneurons''' (MB-S): fast contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
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* '''Gamma motoneurons''' (MG): enforce alpha motoneurons
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** '''gamma dynamic motoneurons''' (MG-D): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
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** '''gamma static motoneurons''' (MG-S): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
 
* '''postganglionic autonomic motoneurons''' (MPG): postganglionic autonomic
 
* '''postganglionic autonomic motoneurons''' (MPG): postganglionic autonomic
** '''postganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons''' (MPG-P): visceral activity and repose, short, local (from ganglia in/on wall of organ); FIBERS={C-motor}
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** '''postganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons''' (MPG-P): visceral activity and repose, short, local; FIBERS={C-motor}
** '''postganglionic sympathetic motoneurons''' (MPG-S): muscles and skin, pre/post - temporal summation and spatial summation (one-to-many, wide-spread, long and unmyelinated, NE); FIBERS={C-motor}
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** '''postganglionic sympathetic motoneurons''' (MPG-S): muscles and skin, pre/post - temporal summation and spatial summation; FIBERS={C-motor}
 
* '''preganglionic autonomic motoneurons''' (MPA): preganglionic paravertebral/prevertebral sympathetic, spinal/cranial parasympathetic
 
* '''preganglionic autonomic motoneurons''' (MPA): preganglionic paravertebral/prevertebral sympathetic, spinal/cranial parasympathetic
** '''preganglionic parasympathetic cranial''' (MPA-PC): cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia (eye iris, lacrimal/submandibular/subingual glands, thorax, abdomen, GI tract); FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
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** '''preganglionic parasympathetic cranial''' (MPA-PC): cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
** '''preganglionic parasympathetic spinal''' (MPA-PS): spinal cord long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia (splantic nerves, abdominal organs); FIBERS={B-motor}
+
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch, chorda tympani, parasympathetic, nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers, palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers, petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland, pharyngeal nerve, sublingual nerve
** '''preganglionic paravertebral sympathetic''' (MPA-SPAV): short to paravertebral sympathetic ganglia (close to vertebral, fibers ascend/descend to reach all spinal cord levels); FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic}
+
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: inferior laryngeal nerve, oculomotor nerve, superior branch, tympanic nerve, vagus nerve, bronchial branch, vagus nerve, cardiac branch, vagus nerve, esophageal branches, vagus nerve, gastric branch, vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch, vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper, vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon
** '''preganglionic prevertebral sympathetic''' (MPA-SPRV): long to prevertebral sympathetic ganglia (celiac, superior/inferior mesenteric ganglia); FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
+
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal
 +
** '''preganglionic parasympathetic spinal''' (MPA-PS): spinal cord long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
 +
** '''preganglionic paravertebral sympathetic''' (MPA-SPAV): short to paravertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
 +
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|CERVICAL NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS]]: ansa subclavia, caroticotympanic nerves, cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic, cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic, ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers, external carotid nerve, internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle, jugular nerve, sympathetic, middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami, middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches, stellate ganglion, arterial branches, stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami, superior cervical cardiac nerve, superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches, superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami
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*** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: genitofemoral nerve, genital branch, left hypogastric nerve, cervical, left hypogastric nerve, lubricate, left hypogastric nerve, prostatic, left hypogastric nerve, ureteric, left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal, right hypogastric nerve, scrotal nerve, posterior
 +
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|THORACIC NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS]]: greater thoracic splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, lowest splanchnic nerve, thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia
 +
** '''preganglionic prevertebral sympathetic''' (MPA-SPRV): long to prevertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
 +
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|CERVICAL NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS]]: palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers
  
 
'''Sensory Endings''':
 
'''Sensory Endings''':
  
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* '''Mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH)
 
* '''Mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH)
 
** '''Deep tissue mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH-DEEP)
 
** '''Deep tissue mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH-DEEP)
*** '''Pacinian corpuscles''' (SPC): responds to vibration; vibration 60-400 Hz, deep (deep layers of dermis in both hairy and glabrous skin; greater signal from more massive or rapid deformation; deep receptors, subcutaneous tissue, viscera, rapidly adapting, low threshold; transient receptors, connective tissue, vibration, intrafusal muscles, tonic proprioceptive endings, flower-spray type); FIBERS={A-beta-sensory; A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** '''Pacinian corpuscles''' (SPC): responds to vibration; vibration 60-400 Hz, deep; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory; A-delta-sensory}
*** '''Ruffini corpuscles''' (SRC): responds to pressure on skin; stretching of skin, crude touch (end-bulbs of Krause - dermis of both hairy and glabrous skin and Ruffini - lips, tongue, and genitals; deep receptors, slowly adapting, low threshold; strong position and weak velocity receptors - regular discharge, type II, hairy/hairless skin); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 +
*** '''Ruffini corpuscles''' (SRC): responds to pressure on skin; stretching of skin, crude touch; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 
** '''Skin mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH-SKIN)
 
** '''Skin mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH-SKIN)
*** '''Hair follicle receptors''' (SHF): responds to hair displacement; touch, hairy skin velocity (slowly adapting, low threshold; peritrichial endings - nerve plexus wrapped around hair roots; large hair follicles, slow and rapid movement of hairs and deflection of the skin); FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** '''Hair follicle receptors''' (SHF): responds to hair displacement; touch, hairy skin velocity; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}
*** '''Meissner corpuscles''' (SMC): responds to vibration; vibration 20-50 Hz; dynamic touch/pressure (dermis of glabrous skin; tactile, texture, rapidly adapting, superficial papillary receptor, low threshold, especially sensitive to light touch - like fingers and lips); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory; A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
*** '''Merkel disk receptors''' (SMD): responds to pressure on skin; vibration 5-15 Hz, static (sustained) touch/pressure (epidermis of glabrous skin; respond to slight change in skin surface; high resolution tactile discrimination, mechanoceptors in hairless skin and mucosa, pressure and texture, slowly adapting, sustained response, low threshold; weak position and strong velocity - irregular discharge, type I, hairy/hairless skin); FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 +
*** '''Meissner corpuscles''' (SMC): responds to vibration; vibration 20-50 Hz; dynamic touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory; A-beta-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 +
*** '''Merkel disk receptors''' (SMD): responds to pressure on skin; vibration 5-15 Hz, static (sustained) touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 
* '''Pain and temperature receptors''' (SPT)
 
* '''Pain and temperature receptors''' (SPT)
** '''A-delta fiber nociceptors''' (SAD): fast/first pain information; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
** '''A-delta fiber nociceptors''' (SAD): fast/first pain information; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}
** '''Cold receptors''' (SCR): respond to low temperature (channel: TRPM8 (less than 28C), TRPA1 (less than 18C)); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
** '''Nonencapsulated free-nerve endings''' (SFN): pain and temperature (the only nociceptors)
+
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: nerves to masticatory muscles
*** '''C fiber nociceptors''' (SFN-CN): responsible for the second, burning pain; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: vagus nerve, bronchial branch, vagus nerve, cardiac branch, vagus nerve, esophageal branches, vagus nerve, gastric branch, vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch, vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper, vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon
*** '''C fiber warming-specific receptors''' (SFN-CW): responsible for warmth; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES]]: cervical cardiac nerve, sensory, phrenic nerve
*** '''C mechano- and metabo- receptors in muscles or joints''' (SFN-CM): responsible for muscle exercise, burn and cramp; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve
*** '''tactile C fibers''' (SFN-CT): sensual touch (includes CT fibres, also known as C low-threshold mechanoreceptors (CLTM), which are unmyelinated afferents found in human hairy skin, and have a low mechanical threshold less than 5 milliNewtons; have moderate adaptation and may exhibit fatigue on repetitive stimulation and after discharges for several seconds after a stimulus); FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic, left hypogastric nerve, cervical, left hypogastric nerve, lubricate, left hypogastric nerve, prostatic, left hypogastric nerve, ureteric, left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal, right hypogastric nerve, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal
*** '''ultra-slow histamine-selective C fibers''' (SFN-CI): responsible for itch; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second
 +
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves
 +
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|THORACIC NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS]]: greater thoracic splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, lowest splanchnic nerve
 +
** '''Cold receptors''' (SCR): respond to low temperature; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}
 +
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: nerves to masticatory muscles
 +
** '''Nonencapsulated free-nerve endings''' (SFN): pain and temperature
 +
*** '''C fiber nociceptors''' (SFN-CN): responsible for the second, burning pain; FIBERS={C-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves
 +
*** '''C fiber warming-specific receptors''' (SFN-CW): responsible for warmth; FIBERS={C-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves
 +
*** '''C mechano- and metabo- receptors in muscles or joints''' (SFN-CM): responsible for muscle exercise, burn and cramp; FIBERS={C-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves
 +
*** '''tactile C fibers''' (SFN-CT): sensual touch; FIBERS={C-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves
 +
*** '''ultra-slow histamine-selective C fibers''' (SFN-CI): responsible for itch; FIBERS={C-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: lacrimal nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles
 +
**** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: laryngeal nerve, internal, recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior, tympanic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG]]: femoral nerve, leg, sciatic nerve
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL]]: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG]]: cluneal nerves, coccygeal plexus, cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral, femoral nerve, thigh, sensory, genitofemoral nerve, thigh, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, obturator nerve, sciatic nerves, second
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|THORACIC NERVES - SENSORY]]: intercostal muscular somatic nerves, intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches, intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches, intercostobrachial nerve, subcostal nerve, sensory, thoracic breast nerves
 
* '''Proprioceptors''' (SPROP)
 
* '''Proprioceptors''' (SPROP)
** '''Golgi tendon organs''' (SGT): muscle tension (slowly adapting, low threshold); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
+
** '''Golgi tendon organs''' (SGT): muscle tension; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}
** '''Muscle spindles''' (SMS): skeletal muscle, stretch by muscle length, fast (intrafusal fibers)
+
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: musculocutaneous nerve, sensory
*** '''Dynamic nuclear bag fibers''' (SMS-DN): report rate of change of muscle length (bundle in fiber middle); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
+
*** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: occipital nerve, third, suboccipital nerve
*** '''Nuclear chain fibers''' (SMS-NC): report static length of muscle (aligned in a single row); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
+
** '''Muscle spindles''' (SMS): skeletal muscle, stretch by muscle length, fast
*** '''Static nuclear bag fibers''' (SMS-SN): report static length of muscle (bundle in fiber middle); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
+
*** '''Dynamic nuclear bag fibers''' (SMS-DN): report rate of change of muscle length; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: musculocutaneous nerve, sensory
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: occipital nerve, third, suboccipital nerve
 +
*** '''Nuclear chain fibers''' (SMS-NC): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: musculocutaneous nerve, sensory
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: occipital nerve, third, suboccipital nerve
 +
*** '''Static nuclear bag fibers''' (SMS-SN): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES]]: musculocutaneous nerve, sensory
 +
**** [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES]]: occipital nerve, third, suboccipital nerve
 
* '''Special Senses''' (SPS)
 
* '''Special Senses''' (SPS)
** '''Baroreceptors''' (SSB): blood pressure in carotid sinus; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
+
** '''Baroreceptors''' (SSB): blood pressure in carotid sinus; FIBERS={C-sensory}
** '''Cochlea receptor''' (SSA): audition; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: Hering's nerve
** '''Olfactory receptor''' (SSS): smell, odor detection; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
+
** '''Cochlea receptor''' (SSA): audition; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}
** '''Oxigen chemoreceptors''' (SSO): oxigen level in carotid body; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: cochlear nerve
** '''Retinal rods and cones''' (SSV): vision receptors; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory; C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
** '''Olfactory receptor''' (SSS): smell, odor detection; FIBERS={C-sensory}
** '''Taste buds''' (SST): taste receptors (five elements of taste perception: salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami; combinations are flavors); FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: olfactory nerves
 +
** '''Oxigen chemoreceptors''' (SSO): oxigen level in carotid body; FIBERS={C-sensory}
 +
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: Hering's nerve
 +
** '''Retinal rods and cones''' (SSV): vision receptors; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory; C-sensory}
 +
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: ampullar nerve, optic nerve, saccular nerve, utricular nerve
 +
** '''Taste buds''' (SST): taste receptors; FIBERS={C-sensory}
 +
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - FACE]]: communicating branch of chorda tympani with lingual nerve, palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers
 +
*** [[HumanNervesCranial|CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL]]: glossopharyngeal nerve, tonsillar branch
  
 
'''Fibers by thickness''':
 
'''Fibers by thickness''':
  
** '''A-alpha''' (mixed, 12-22 mcm, 70-120 m/sec): low theshold, 2ms after stimulus (type Ia,Ib; motoneurons, touch, position and velocity)
+
''' '''A-alpha* (mixed, 12-22 mcm, 70-120 m/sec): low theshold, 2ms after stimulus (type Ia,Ib; motoneurons, touch, position and velocity)
 
* '''A-alpha-Ia''' (mixed)
 
* '''A-alpha-Ia''' (mixed)
** '''A-alpha-Ia-motor''' - alpha motoneurons (motor); ENDINGS={MA-FF,MA-FR,MA-S}; NERVES={HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalTrunk; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial}
+
** '''A-alpha-Ia-motor''' - alpha motoneurons (motor); ENDINGS={MA-FF,MA-FR,MA-S}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|abducent nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ansa cervicalis]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|cochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|common peroneal nerve, articular branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|dorsal scapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, buccal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, cervical branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, mouth opening muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, temporal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, zygomatic branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|fibular nerve, deep]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|first intercostal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|genitofemoral nerve, genital]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, inferior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|hypoglossal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|inferior rectal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|lateral pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|long thoracic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|medial pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, forearm innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mylohyoid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to geniohyoid]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to levator scapulae]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to psoas muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to quadratus lumborum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius capitis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius cervilis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerve to superficial transverse perineal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, greater]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|oculomotor nerve, inferior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|perineal nerve, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|phrenic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|piriform nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, medial]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|radial nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|stapedius nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subclavian nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|subcostal nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subscapular nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suprascapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|thyroid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|tibial nerve, muscular branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|trochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch]]}
 
** '''A-alpha-Ia-sensory''' (sensory): skin, two-point discrimination (muscle spindle primary sensory endings; extrafusal muscles, Meissner's corpuscles; annulospiral endings, length and velocity); ENDINGS={SMC}
 
** '''A-alpha-Ia-sensory''' (sensory): skin, two-point discrimination (muscle spindle primary sensory endings; extrafusal muscles, Meissner's corpuscles; annulospiral endings, length and velocity); ENDINGS={SMC}
* '''A-alpha-Ib-sensory''' (sensory): report load being applied to muscle, stretching of skin; ENDINGS={SGT,SRC,SMS-NC,SMS-SN,SMS-DN}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical}
+
* '''A-alpha-Ib-sensory''' (sensory): report load being applied to muscle, stretching of skin; ENDINGS={SGT,SRC,SMS-NC,SMS-SN,SMS-DN}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]}
** '''A-beta''' (mixed, 8-13 mcm, 40-70 m/sec): higher theshold, 4ms after stimulus (type II; fine touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings)
+
''' '''A-beta* (mixed, 8-13 mcm, 40-70 m/sec): higher theshold, 4ms after stimulus (type II; fine touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings)
 
* '''A-beta-motor''' - beta motoneurons (motor): skeleto-fusimotor, intrafusal fibers and collaterals to extrafusal muscle fibers, muscle spindles, increase dynamic sensitivity of ending; ENDINGS={MB-D,MB-S}
 
* '''A-beta-motor''' - beta motoneurons (motor): skeleto-fusimotor, intrafusal fibers and collaterals to extrafusal muscle fibers, muscle spindles, increase dynamic sensitivity of ending; ENDINGS={MB-D,MB-S}
* '''A-beta-sensory''' (sensory): fine touch, kinesthesia (length only; secondary afferents, flower spray endings); ENDINGS={SMD,SRC,SHF,SPC,SMC}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
* '''A-beta-sensory''' (sensory): fine touch, kinesthesia (length only; secondary afferents, flower spray endings); ENDINGS={SMD,SRC,SHF,SPC,SMC}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerves, anterior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|buccal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical nerve, transverse]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ciliary nerves, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ethmoidal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|frontal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infratrochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|internal nasal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mandibular nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|maxillary nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mental nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerve of external acoustic meatus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, neck]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|superior labial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, intermediate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, medial]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tentorial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|zygomatic nerve]]}
** '''A-delta-sensory''' (sensory, 1-4 mcm, 5-15 m/sec): noxious, cold, pressure; 20ms after stimulus (type III; thinly-myelinated; noxious receptors - first/fast, sharp, well-localized pain; cold receptors - temperature, high-threshold mechano/heat, phasic; pressure - rapidly adapting mechanosensitive, directional selectivity, crude touch; auditory axons 2 mcm; vestibular axons 3 mcm); ENDINGS={SAD,SCR,SPC,SSA,SSV}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
''' '''A-delta-sensory* (sensory, 1-4 mcm, 5-15 m/sec): noxious, cold, pressure; 20ms after stimulus (type III; thinly-myelinated; noxious receptors - first/fast, sharp, well-localized pain; cold receptors - temperature, high-threshold mechano/heat, phasic; pressure - rapidly adapting mechanosensitive, directional selectivity, crude touch; auditory axons 2 mcm; vestibular axons 3 mcm); ENDINGS={SAD,SCR,SPC,SSA,SSV}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ampullar nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical cardiac nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|cochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|greater thoracic splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, cervical]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, lubricate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, prostatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, ureteric]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lesser splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lowest splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|phrenic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|right hypogastric nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|saccular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|utricular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, bronchial branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, cardiac branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, esophageal branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastric branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon]]}
** '''A-gamma-motor''' (motor, 4-8 mcm, 15-40 m/sec): intrafusal muscle fibers, 6ms after stimulus (skeletal muscle tone, contract muscle spindles from both ends, fusimotor gamma neurons, affect Ia/II); ENDINGS={MG-D,MG-S}
+
''' '''A-gamma-motor* (motor, 4-8 mcm, 15-40 m/sec): intrafusal muscle fibers, 6ms after stimulus (skeletal muscle tone, contract muscle spindles from both ends, fusimotor gamma neurons, affect Ia/II); ENDINGS={MG-D,MG-S}
** '''B-motor''' (motor, 1-3 mcm, 3-14 m/sec): preganglionic autonomic (myelinated, ACh, sympathetic only in T1-L3, IML); ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MPA-SPRV,MPA-PS,MPA-PC}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial}
+
''' '''B-motor* (motor, 1-3 mcm, 3-14 m/sec): preganglionic autonomic (myelinated, ACh, sympathetic only in T1-L3, IML); ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MPA-SPRV,MPA-PS,MPA-PC}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ansa subclavia]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|caroticotympanic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|chorda tympani, parasympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|external carotid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|genitofemoral nerve, genital branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|greater thoracic splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior laryngeal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, cervical]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, lubricate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, prostatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, ureteric]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lesser splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lowest splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|oculomotor nerve, superior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|pharyngeal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|right hypogastric nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|scrotal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|stellate ganglion, arterial branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|superior cervical cardiac nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, bronchial branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, cardiac branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, esophageal branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastric branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon]]}
** '''C''' (mixed, 0.1-1 mcm, 0.2-2 m/sec): pain, touch, pressure, temperature, postganglionic autonomic, taste (60ms after stimulus)
+
''' '''C* (mixed, 0.1-1 mcm, 0.2-2 m/sec): pain, touch, pressure, temperature, postganglionic autonomic, taste (60ms after stimulus)
 
* '''C-motor''' (motor): postganglionic autonomic; ENDINGS={MPG-S,MPG-P}
 
* '''C-motor''' (motor): postganglionic autonomic; ENDINGS={MPG-S,MPG-P}
* '''C-sensory''' (sensory): pain and temperature, special (optic axons width average 0.72 mcm; olfactory axons 0.35 mcm); ENDINGS={SFN-CN,SFN-CW,SFN-CI,SFN-CT,SFN-CM,SST,SSV,SSO,SSB,SSS}; NERVES={HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalGenital; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesCranial; HumanNervesSpinalFoot; HumanNervesSpinalThigh; HumanNervesSpinalCervical; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesSpinalThoracic; HumanNervesCranial}
+
* '''C-sensory''' (sensory): pain and temperature, special (optic axons width average 0.72 mcm; olfactory axons 0.35 mcm); ENDINGS={SFN-CN,SFN-CW,SFN-CI,SFN-CT,SFN-CM,SST,SSV,SSO,SSB,SSS}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|Hering's nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|communicating branch of chorda tympani with lingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, tonsillar branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|olfactory nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|optic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]}
 +
 
  
 
= Tracts Hierarchy =
 
= Tracts Hierarchy =
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TRACT SET: [[MindTractsAT|Ascending Tracts]]
 
TRACT SET: [[MindTractsAT|Ascending Tracts]]
  
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system TRACT ALS]: '''anterolateral system''' - pain transfer
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system TRACT ALS]: '''anterolateral system''' - pain transfer
* TRACT SLS: '''spinolimbic system''' - autonomic body pain transfer
+
** TRACT SLS: '''spinolimbic system''' - autonomic body pain transfer
** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771 TRACT SHTT]: '''spinohypothalamic tract''' - autonomic body pain transfer to hypothalamus
+
*** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771 TRACT SHTT]: '''spinohypothalamic tract''' - autonomic body pain transfer to hypothalamus
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray TRACT SMST]: '''spinomesencephalic tract''' - descending modulation of pain
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray TRACT SMST]: '''spinomesencephalic tract''' - descending modulation of pain
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract TRACT SST]: '''spinosolitary tract''' - autonomic body pain transfer to parabrachial nucleus
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract TRACT SST]: '''spinosolitary tract''' - autonomic body pain transfer to parabrachial nucleus
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract TRACT SRS]: '''spinoreticular system''' - automatic body pain reflection
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract TRACT SRS]: '''spinoreticular system''' - automatic body pain reflection
** TRACT SMRT: '''spinomedulloreticular tract''' - automatic body pain spinal reflection
+
*** TRACT SMRT: '''spinomedulloreticular tract''' - automatic body pain spinal reflection
** TRACT SPRT: '''spinopontoreticular tract''' - automatic body pain cortical reflection
+
*** TRACT SPRT: '''spinopontoreticular tract''' - automatic body pain cortical reflection
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract TRACT STCT]: '''spinotectal tract''' - automatic body pain spinovisual reflection
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract TRACT STCT]: '''spinotectal tract''' - automatic body pain spinovisual reflection
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract TRACT STS]: '''spinothalamic system''' - body pain transfer
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract TRACT STS]: '''spinothalamic system''' - body pain transfer
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract TRACT ASTT]: '''anterior spinothalamic tract''' (paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract) - body slow pain localization
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract TRACT ASTT]: '''anterior spinothalamic tract''' (paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract) - body slow pain localization
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract TRACT LSTT]: '''lateral spinothalamic tract''' (neospinothalamic tract) - body pain perception
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract TRACT LSTT]: '''lateral spinothalamic tract''' (neospinothalamic tract) - body pain perception
* [http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html TRACT TTS]: '''trigeminothalamic system''' - head pain transfer
+
** [http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html TRACT TTS]: '''trigeminothalamic system''' - head pain transfer
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract TRACT ATTT]: '''anterior trigeminothalamic tract''' (ventral trigeminothalamic tract) - head pain localization
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract TRACT ATTT]: '''anterior trigeminothalamic tract''' (ventral trigeminothalamic tract) - head pain localization
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract TRACT DTTT]: '''dorsal trigeminal tract''' (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus) - head pain perception
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract TRACT DTTT]: '''dorsal trigeminal tract''' (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus) - head pain perception
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus TRACT MLS]: '''medial lemniscus system''' - conscious body mechanical perception
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus TRACT MLS]: '''medial lemniscus system''' - conscious body mechanical perception
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway TRACT PCS]: '''posterior column system''' (dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon) - conscious upper body mechanical and lower body cutaneous perception
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway TRACT PCS]: '''posterior column system''' (dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon) - conscious upper body mechanical and lower body cutaneous perception
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus TRACT FCT]: '''fasciculus cuneatus tract''' (tract of Burdach) - conscious upper body mechanical perception
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus TRACT FCT]: '''fasciculus cuneatus tract''' (tract of Burdach) - conscious upper body mechanical perception
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus TRACT FGT]: '''fasciculus gracilis tract''' (tract of Goll) - conscious lower body cutaneous perception
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus TRACT FGT]: '''fasciculus gracilis tract''' (tract of Goll) - conscious lower body cutaneous perception
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway TRACT SCVT]: '''spinocervical tract''' (Morin's tract) - conscious lower body proprioception
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway TRACT SCVT]: '''spinocervical tract''' (Morin's tract) - conscious lower body proprioception
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract TRACT SCS]: '''spinocerebellar system''' - automatic activity
+
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract TRACT SCS]: '''spinocerebellar system''' - automatic activity
* TRACT DSCS: '''direct spinocerebellar system''' - automatic activity of body
+
** TRACT DSCS: '''direct spinocerebellar system''' - automatic activity of body
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers TRACT CSCT]: '''cuneocerebellar tract''' - automatic activity of upper limbs
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers TRACT CSCT]: '''cuneocerebellar tract''' - automatic activity of upper limbs
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT DSCT]: '''dorsal spinocerebellar tract''' (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract) - automatic activity of lower limbs
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT DSCT]: '''dorsal spinocerebellar tract''' (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract) - automatic activity of lower limbs
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT RSCT]: '''rostral spinocerebellar tract''' - automatic activity of upper body
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT RSCT]: '''rostral spinocerebellar tract''' - automatic activity of upper body
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT VSCT]: '''ventral spinocerebellar tract''' (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract) - automatic activity of lower body
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT VSCT]: '''ventral spinocerebellar tract''' (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract) - automatic activity of lower body
* TRACT SMTS: '''spinometencephalic system''' - automatic activity integration
+
** TRACT SMTS: '''spinometencephalic system''' - automatic activity integration
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SOT]: '''spinoolivary tract''' (Helwegs tract) - automatic activity of head, neck and upper limbs
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SOT]: '''spinoolivary tract''' (Helwegs tract) - automatic activity of head, neck and upper limbs
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SVT]: '''spinovestibular tract''' - automatic activity vestibular integration
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SVT]: '''spinovestibular tract''' - automatic activity vestibular integration
  
 
== Descending Tracts ==
 
== Descending Tracts ==
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TRACT SET: [[MindTractsDT|Descending Tracts]]
 
TRACT SET: [[MindTractsDT|Descending Tracts]]
  
** TRACT ATS: '''autonomic tracts system''' (descending autonomic fibers) - autonomic control
+
* TRACT ATS: '''autonomic tracts system''' (descending autonomic fibers) - autonomic control
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamospinal_tract TRACT HTST]: '''hypothalamospinal tract''' - oculomotor autonomic control
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamospinal_tract TRACT HTST]: '''hypothalamospinal tract''' - oculomotor autonomic control
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system TRACT SSS]: '''solitariospinal system''' - involuntary breathing control
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system TRACT SSS]: '''solitariospinal system''' - involuntary breathing control
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_respiratory_group TRACT SSET]: '''solitariospinal expiratory tract''' - rhythmic expiration
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_respiratory_group TRACT SSET]: '''solitariospinal expiratory tract''' - rhythmic expiration
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_respiratory_group TRACT SSIT]: '''solitariospinal inpiratory tract''' - rhythmic inspiration
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_respiratory_group TRACT SSIT]: '''solitariospinal inpiratory tract''' - rhythmic inspiration
** TRACT ESS: '''extensor somatic system''' - extensor control
+
* TRACT ESS: '''extensor somatic system''' - extensor control
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract TRACT ACST]: '''anterior corticospinal tract''' (ventral corticospinal tract) - conscious extensor control
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract TRACT ACST]: '''anterior corticospinal tract''' (ventral corticospinal tract) - conscious extensor control
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus TRACT MLFS]: '''medial longitudinal fasciculus system''' - automatic control
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus TRACT MLFS]: '''medial longitudinal fasciculus system''' - automatic control
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectospinal_tract TRACT TCST]: '''tectospinal tract''' - oculomotor automatic control
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectospinal_tract TRACT TCST]: '''tectospinal tract''' - oculomotor automatic control
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract TRACT VST]: '''vestibulospinal tract''' - body automatic control
+
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract TRACT VST]: '''vestibulospinal tract''' - body automatic control
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT LVST]: '''lateral vestibulospinal tract''' - maintaining balance via legs extensors
+
**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT LVST]: '''lateral vestibulospinal tract''' - maintaining balance via legs extensors
*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT MVST]: '''medial vestibulospinal tract''' - stabilize visual image on retina
+
**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT MVST]: '''medial vestibulospinal tract''' - stabilize visual image on retina
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulospinal_tract TRACT RTSS]: '''reticulospinal system''' - automatic and autonomic control
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulospinal_tract TRACT RTSS]: '''reticulospinal system''' - automatic and autonomic control
** TRACT MRST: '''medullary reticulospinal tract''' (lateral reticulospinal tract) - inhibit extensors
+
*** TRACT MRST: '''medullary reticulospinal tract''' (lateral reticulospinal tract) - inhibit extensors
** TRACT PRST: '''pontine reticulospinal tract''' (medial reticulospinal tract) - excite extensors
+
*** TRACT PRST: '''pontine reticulospinal tract''' (medial reticulospinal tract) - excite extensors
** TRACT FSS: '''flexor somatic system''' - flexor control
+
* TRACT FSS: '''flexor somatic system''' - flexor control
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract TRACT CBT]: '''corticobulbar tract''' - cranial flexor control
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract TRACT CBT]: '''corticobulbar tract''' - cranial flexor control
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract TRACT LSTT]: '''lateral corticospinal tract''' - conscious flexor control
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract TRACT LSTT]: '''lateral corticospinal tract''' - conscious flexor control
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract TRACT RBST]: '''rubrospinal tract''' - automatic flexor control
+
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract TRACT RBST]: '''rubrospinal tract''' - automatic flexor control

Latest revision as of 16:23, 13 April 2019

Biological Mind Tracts

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> MindTracts

bio-research.jpg


This page is intended to describe set of physically existing tracts connecting set of regions across mind.

Sensory and Motor Root Neurons

(generated)

Motor Endings:

  • Alpha motoneurons (MA): generate large force
    • FF-type alpha motoneurons (MA-FF): fast-twitch fatigable; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}
      • ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES: axillary nerve, anterior branch, axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii, dorsal scapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, long thoracic nerve, medial pectoral nerve, median nerve, motor, forearm innervation, median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation, musculocutaneous nerve, motor, nerve to levator scapulae, radial nerve, motor, subclavian nerve, subscapular nerves, suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation
      • CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL - TRUNK MOTOR NERVES: first intercostal nerve, motor nerves of back, extensors, motor nerves of back, flexors, subcostal nerve, motor, thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors, thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors, thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors
      • CRANIAL NERVES - FACE: accessory nerve, external, accessory nerve, internal, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch, facial nerve, buccal branch, facial nerve, cervical branch, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mouth opening muscles, facial nerve, temporal branch, facial nerve, zygomatic branch, mylohyoid nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles, stapedius nerve
      • CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL: abducent nerve, cochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch, hypoglossal nerve, laryngeal nerve, external, oculomotor nerve, inferior branch, trochlear nerve, vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch
      • HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES: ansa cervicalis, nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles, nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles, nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles, nerve to splenius capitis muscle, nerve to splenius cervilis muscle, occipital nerve, greater, suboccipital nerve, thyroid nerve
      • HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES: phrenic nerve
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG: common peroneal nerve, articular branches, cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal, fibular nerve, deep, plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch, plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch, plantar nerve, medial, tibial nerve, muscular branches
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis, genitofemoral nerve, genital, inferior rectal nerve, nerve to superficial transverse perineal, nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perineal nerve, deep branch
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG: femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor, femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor, gluteal nerve, inferior, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, nerve to psoas muscles, nerve to quadratus lumborum, obturator nerve, piriform nerve
    • FR-type alpha motoneurons (MA-FR): fast-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}
      • ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES: axillary nerve, anterior branch, axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii, dorsal scapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, long thoracic nerve, medial pectoral nerve, median nerve, motor, forearm innervation, median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation, musculocutaneous nerve, motor, nerve to levator scapulae, radial nerve, motor, subclavian nerve, subscapular nerves, suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation
      • CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL - TRUNK MOTOR NERVES: first intercostal nerve, motor nerves of back, extensors, motor nerves of back, flexors, subcostal nerve, motor, thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors, thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors, thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors
      • CRANIAL NERVES - FACE: accessory nerve, external, accessory nerve, internal, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch, facial nerve, buccal branch, facial nerve, cervical branch, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mouth opening muscles, facial nerve, temporal branch, facial nerve, zygomatic branch, mylohyoid nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles, stapedius nerve
      • CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL: abducent nerve, cochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch, hypoglossal nerve, laryngeal nerve, external, oculomotor nerve, inferior branch, trochlear nerve, vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch
      • HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES: ansa cervicalis, nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles, nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles, nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles, nerve to splenius capitis muscle, nerve to splenius cervilis muscle, occipital nerve, greater, suboccipital nerve, thyroid nerve
      • HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES: phrenic nerve
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG: common peroneal nerve, articular branches, cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal, fibular nerve, deep, plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch, plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch, plantar nerve, medial, tibial nerve, muscular branches
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis, genitofemoral nerve, genital, inferior rectal nerve, nerve to superficial transverse perineal, nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perineal nerve, deep branch
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG: femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor, femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor, gluteal nerve, inferior, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, nerve to psoas muscles, nerve to quadratus lumborum, obturator nerve, piriform nerve
    • S-type alpha motoneurons (MA-S): slow-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}
      • ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES: axillary nerve, anterior branch, axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii, dorsal scapular nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, long thoracic nerve, medial pectoral nerve, median nerve, motor, forearm innervation, median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation, musculocutaneous nerve, motor, nerve to levator scapulae, radial nerve, motor, subclavian nerve, subscapular nerves, suprascapular nerve, ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation
      • CERVICAL, THORACIC, LUMBAR AND SACRAL - TRUNK MOTOR NERVES: first intercostal nerve, motor nerves of back, extensors, motor nerves of back, flexors, subcostal nerve, motor, thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors, thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors, thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors
      • CRANIAL NERVES - FACE: accessory nerve, external, accessory nerve, internal, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch, facial nerve, buccal branch, facial nerve, cervical branch, facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mouth opening muscles, facial nerve, temporal branch, facial nerve, zygomatic branch, mylohyoid nerve, nerves to masticatory muscles, stapedius nerve
      • CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL: abducent nerve, cochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch, hypoglossal nerve, laryngeal nerve, external, oculomotor nerve, inferior branch, trochlear nerve, vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch
      • HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES: ansa cervicalis, nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles, nerve to geniohyoid, nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles, nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles, nerve to splenius capitis muscle, nerve to splenius cervilis muscle, occipital nerve, greater, suboccipital nerve, thyroid nerve
      • HEART AND LUNG CERVICAL NERVES: phrenic nerve
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - FOOT AND LOWER LEG: common peroneal nerve, articular branches, cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal, fibular nerve, deep, plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch, plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch, plantar nerve, medial, tibial nerve, muscular branches
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis, genitofemoral nerve, genital, inferior rectal nerve, nerve to superficial transverse perineal, nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles, perineal nerve, deep branch
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - THIGH AND UPPER LEG: femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor, femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor, gluteal nerve, inferior, gluteal nerve, superior, nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh, nerve to psoas muscles, nerve to quadratus lumborum, obturator nerve, piriform nerve
  • Beta motoneurons (MB): affect both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers
    • beta dynamic motoneurons (MB-D): slow contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
    • beta static motoneurons (MB-S): fast contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
  • Gamma motoneurons (MG): enforce alpha motoneurons
    • gamma dynamic motoneurons (MG-D): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
    • gamma static motoneurons (MG-S): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
  • postganglionic autonomic motoneurons (MPG): postganglionic autonomic
    • postganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons (MPG-P): visceral activity and repose, short, local; FIBERS={C-motor}
    • postganglionic sympathetic motoneurons (MPG-S): muscles and skin, pre/post - temporal summation and spatial summation; FIBERS={C-motor}
  • preganglionic autonomic motoneurons (MPA): preganglionic paravertebral/prevertebral sympathetic, spinal/cranial parasympathetic
    • preganglionic parasympathetic cranial (MPA-PC): cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
      • CRANIAL NERVES - FACE: auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch, chorda tympani, parasympathetic, nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers, palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers, petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland, pharyngeal nerve, sublingual nerve
      • CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL: inferior laryngeal nerve, oculomotor nerve, superior branch, tympanic nerve, vagus nerve, bronchial branch, vagus nerve, cardiac branch, vagus nerve, esophageal branches, vagus nerve, gastric branch, vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch, vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper, vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder, splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal
    • preganglionic parasympathetic spinal (MPA-PS): spinal cord long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
    • preganglionic paravertebral sympathetic (MPA-SPAV): short to paravertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
      • CERVICAL NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS: ansa subclavia, caroticotympanic nerves, cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic, cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic, ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers, external carotid nerve, internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle, jugular nerve, sympathetic, middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami, middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches, stellate ganglion, arterial branches, stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami, superior cervical cardiac nerve, superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches, superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami
      • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: genitofemoral nerve, genital branch, left hypogastric nerve, cervical, left hypogastric nerve, lubricate, left hypogastric nerve, prostatic, left hypogastric nerve, ureteric, left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal, right hypogastric nerve, scrotal nerve, posterior
      • THORACIC NERVES - SYMPATHETIC FIBERS: greater thoracic splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, lowest splanchnic nerve, thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia
    • preganglionic prevertebral sympathetic (MPA-SPRV): long to prevertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}

Sensory Endings:

  • Mechanoreceptors (SMECH)
    • Deep tissue mechanoreceptors (SMECH-DEEP)
      • Pacinian corpuscles (SPC): responds to vibration; vibration 60-400 Hz, deep; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory; A-delta-sensory}
        • ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
        • CRANIAL NERVES - FACE: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
        • CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
        • HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
        • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
      • Ruffini corpuscles (SRC): responds to pressure on skin; stretching of skin, crude touch; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}
        • ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
        • CRANIAL NERVES - FACE: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
        • CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
        • HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
        • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
    • Skin mechanoreceptors (SMECH-SKIN)
      • Hair follicle receptors (SHF): responds to hair displacement; touch, hairy skin velocity; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}
        • ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
        • CRANIAL NERVES - FACE: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
        • CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
        • HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
        • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
      • Meissner corpuscles (SMC): responds to vibration; vibration 20-50 Hz; dynamic touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory; A-beta-sensory}
        • ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
        • CRANIAL NERVES - FACE: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
        • CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
        • HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
        • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
      • Merkel disk receptors (SMD): responds to pressure on skin; vibration 5-15 Hz, static (sustained) touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}
        • ARM AND SHOULDER CERVICAL NERVES: arm nerves, sensory, shoulder nerves, mixed
        • CRANIAL NERVES - FACE: alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches, alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch, auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch, auricular nerves, anterior, auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane, auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve, buccal nerve, ciliary nerves, sensory fibers, ethmoidal nerve, frontal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches, inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches, infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch, infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch, infratrochlear nerve, internal nasal nerve, lacrimal nerve, lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces, lingual nerve, lingual branch, mandibular nerve, meningeal branch, maxillary nerve, meningeal branch, mental nerve, nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers, nerve of external acoustic meatus, palatine nerve, sensory fibers, sublingual nerve, superior labial branch, tentorial nerve, zygomatic nerve
        • CRANIAL NERVES - VISCERAL: glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch, glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches, vagus nerve, auricular branch, vagus nerve, meningeal branch
        • HEAD AND NECK CERVICAL NERVES: cervical nerve, transverse, great auricular nerve, anterior branch, great auricular nerve, posterior branch, jugular nerve, sensory, occipital nerve, neck, occipital nerve, third, supraclavicular nerves, intermediate, supraclavicular nerves, lateral, supraclavicular nerves, medial
        • LUMBOSACRAL NERVES - GENITAL AND GASTROINTESTINAL: Genitalia nerves, somatic, Rectum nerves, somatic
  • Pain and temperature receptors (SPT)
  • Proprioceptors (SPROP)
  • Special Senses (SPS)
    • Baroreceptors (SSB): blood pressure in carotid sinus; FIBERS={C-sensory}
    • Cochlea receptor (SSA): audition; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}
    • Olfactory receptor (SSS): smell, odor detection; FIBERS={C-sensory}
    • Oxigen chemoreceptors (SSO): oxigen level in carotid body; FIBERS={C-sensory}
    • Retinal rods and cones (SSV): vision receptors; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory; C-sensory}
    • Taste buds (SST): taste receptors; FIBERS={C-sensory}

Fibers by thickness:

 A-alpha* (mixed, 12-22 mcm, 70-120 m/sec): low theshold, 2ms after stimulus (type Ia,Ib; motoneurons, touch, position and velocity)
 A-beta* (mixed, 8-13 mcm, 40-70 m/sec): higher theshold, 4ms after stimulus (type II; fine touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings)
 A-delta-sensory* (sensory, 1-4 mcm, 5-15 m/sec): noxious, cold, pressure; 20ms after stimulus (type III; thinly-myelinated; noxious receptors - first/fast, sharp, well-localized pain; cold receptors - temperature, high-threshold mechano/heat, phasic; pressure - rapidly adapting mechanosensitive, directional selectivity, crude touch; auditory axons 2 mcm; vestibular axons 3 mcm); ENDINGS={SAD,SCR,SPC,SSA,SSV}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; ampullar nerve; arm nerves, sensory; cervical cardiac nerve, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; cochlear nerve; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; gluteal nerve, superior; greater thoracic splanchnic nerve; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; left hypogastric nerve, cervical; left hypogastric nerve, lubricate; left hypogastric nerve, prostatic; left hypogastric nerve, ureteric; left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal; lesser splanchnic nerve; lowest splanchnic nerve; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; phrenic nerve; right hypogastric nerve; saccular nerve; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; utricular nerve; vagus nerve, bronchial branch; vagus nerve, cardiac branch; vagus nerve, esophageal branches; vagus nerve, gastric branch; vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch; vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper; vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon}
 A-gamma-motor* (motor, 4-8 mcm, 15-40 m/sec): intrafusal muscle fibers, 6ms after stimulus (skeletal muscle tone, contract muscle spindles from both ends, fusimotor gamma neurons, affect Ia/II); ENDINGS={MG-D,MG-S}
 B-motor* (motor, 1-3 mcm, 3-14 m/sec): preganglionic autonomic (myelinated, ACh, sympathetic only in T1-L3, IML); ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MPA-SPRV,MPA-PS,MPA-PC}; NERVES={ansa subclavia; auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch; caroticotympanic nerves; cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic; cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic; chorda tympani, parasympathetic; ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers; external carotid nerve; genitofemoral nerve, genital branch; greater thoracic splanchnic nerve; inferior laryngeal nerve; internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle; jugular nerve, sympathetic; left hypogastric nerve, cervical; left hypogastric nerve, lubricate; left hypogastric nerve, prostatic; left hypogastric nerve, ureteric; left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal; lesser splanchnic nerve; lowest splanchnic nerve; middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches; nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers; oculomotor nerve, superior branch; palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers; palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers; petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland; pharyngeal nerve; right hypogastric nerve; scrotal nerve, posterior; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal; stellate ganglion, arterial branches; stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; sublingual nerve; superior cervical cardiac nerve; superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches; superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia; tympanic nerve; vagus nerve, bronchial branch; vagus nerve, cardiac branch; vagus nerve, esophageal branches; vagus nerve, gastric branch; vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch; vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper; vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon}
 C* (mixed, 0.1-1 mcm, 0.2-2 m/sec): pain, touch, pressure, temperature, postganglionic autonomic, taste (60ms after stimulus)


Tracts Hierarchy

(generated)

Ascending Tracts

TRACT SET: Ascending Tracts

  • TRACT ALS: anterolateral system - pain transfer
    • TRACT SLS: spinolimbic system - autonomic body pain transfer
      • TRACT SHTT: spinohypothalamic tract - autonomic body pain transfer to hypothalamus
      • TRACT SMST: spinomesencephalic tract - descending modulation of pain
      • TRACT SST: spinosolitary tract - autonomic body pain transfer to parabrachial nucleus
    • TRACT SRS: spinoreticular system - automatic body pain reflection
      • TRACT SMRT: spinomedulloreticular tract - automatic body pain spinal reflection
      • TRACT SPRT: spinopontoreticular tract - automatic body pain cortical reflection
      • TRACT STCT: spinotectal tract - automatic body pain spinovisual reflection
    • TRACT STS: spinothalamic system - body pain transfer
      • TRACT ASTT: anterior spinothalamic tract (paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract) - body slow pain localization
      • TRACT LSTT: lateral spinothalamic tract (neospinothalamic tract) - body pain perception
    • TRACT TTS: trigeminothalamic system - head pain transfer
      • TRACT ATTT: anterior trigeminothalamic tract (ventral trigeminothalamic tract) - head pain localization
      • TRACT DTTT: dorsal trigeminal tract (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus) - head pain perception
  • TRACT MLS: medial lemniscus system - conscious body mechanical perception
    • TRACT PCS: posterior column system (dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon) - conscious upper body mechanical and lower body cutaneous perception
      • TRACT FCT: fasciculus cuneatus tract (tract of Burdach) - conscious upper body mechanical perception
      • TRACT FGT: fasciculus gracilis tract (tract of Goll) - conscious lower body cutaneous perception
    • TRACT SCVT: spinocervical tract (Morin's tract) - conscious lower body proprioception
  • TRACT SCS: spinocerebellar system - automatic activity
    • TRACT DSCS: direct spinocerebellar system - automatic activity of body
      • TRACT CSCT: cuneocerebellar tract - automatic activity of upper limbs
      • TRACT DSCT: dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract) - automatic activity of lower limbs
      • TRACT RSCT: rostral spinocerebellar tract - automatic activity of upper body
      • TRACT VSCT: ventral spinocerebellar tract (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract) - automatic activity of lower body
    • TRACT SMTS: spinometencephalic system - automatic activity integration
      • TRACT SOT: spinoolivary tract (Helwegs tract) - automatic activity of head, neck and upper limbs
      • TRACT SVT: spinovestibular tract - automatic activity vestibular integration

Descending Tracts

TRACT SET: Descending Tracts

  • TRACT ATS: autonomic tracts system (descending autonomic fibers) - autonomic control
    • TRACT HTST: hypothalamospinal tract - oculomotor autonomic control
    • TRACT SSS: solitariospinal system - involuntary breathing control
      • TRACT SSET: solitariospinal expiratory tract - rhythmic expiration
      • TRACT SSIT: solitariospinal inpiratory tract - rhythmic inspiration
  • TRACT ESS: extensor somatic system - extensor control
    • TRACT ACST: anterior corticospinal tract (ventral corticospinal tract) - conscious extensor control
    • TRACT MLFS: medial longitudinal fasciculus system - automatic control
      • TRACT TCST: tectospinal tract - oculomotor automatic control
      • TRACT VST: vestibulospinal tract - body automatic control
        • TRACT LVST: lateral vestibulospinal tract - maintaining balance via legs extensors
        • TRACT MVST: medial vestibulospinal tract - stabilize visual image on retina
    • TRACT RTSS: reticulospinal system - automatic and autonomic control
      • TRACT MRST: medullary reticulospinal tract (lateral reticulospinal tract) - inhibit extensors
      • TRACT PRST: pontine reticulospinal tract (medial reticulospinal tract) - excite extensors
  • TRACT FSS: flexor somatic system - flexor control
    • TRACT CBT: corticobulbar tract - cranial flexor control
    • TRACT LSTT: lateral corticospinal tract - conscious flexor control
    • TRACT RBST: rubrospinal tract - automatic flexor control