Difference between revisions of "MindTracts"

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<pre style="color: green">Biological Mind Tracts</pre>
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[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[MindTracts]]
  
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http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/bio-research.jpg
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----
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This page is intended to describe set of physically existing tracts connecting set of regions across mind.
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__TOC__
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= Sensory and Motor Root Neurons =
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(generated)
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'''Motor Endings''':
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<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e37d11ea0a9f90f05ab17c303c88bfbf.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
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* '''Alpha motoneurons''' (MA): generate large force
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** '''FF-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-FF): fast-twitch fatigable; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|abducent nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ansa cervicalis]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|cochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|common peroneal nerve, articular branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|dorsal scapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, buccal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, cervical branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, mouth opening muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, temporal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, zygomatic branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|fibular nerve, deep]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|first intercostal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|genitofemoral nerve, genital]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, inferior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|hypoglossal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|inferior rectal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|lateral pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|long thoracic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|medial pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, forearm innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mylohyoid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to geniohyoid]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to levator scapulae]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to psoas muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to quadratus lumborum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius capitis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius cervilis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerve to superficial transverse perineal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, greater]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|oculomotor nerve, inferior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|perineal nerve, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|phrenic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|piriform nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, medial]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|radial nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|stapedius nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subclavian nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|subcostal nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subscapular nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suprascapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|thyroid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|tibial nerve, muscular branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|trochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch]]}
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** '''FR-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-FR): fast-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|abducent nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ansa cervicalis]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|cochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|common peroneal nerve, articular branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|dorsal scapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, buccal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, cervical branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, mouth opening muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, temporal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, zygomatic branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|fibular nerve, deep]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|first intercostal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|genitofemoral nerve, genital]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, inferior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|hypoglossal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|inferior rectal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|lateral pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|long thoracic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|medial pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, forearm innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mylohyoid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to geniohyoid]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to levator scapulae]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to psoas muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to quadratus lumborum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius capitis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius cervilis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerve to superficial transverse perineal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, greater]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|oculomotor nerve, inferior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|perineal nerve, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|phrenic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|piriform nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, medial]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|radial nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|stapedius nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subclavian nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|subcostal nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subscapular nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suprascapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|thyroid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|tibial nerve, muscular branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|trochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch]]}
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** '''S-type alpha motoneurons''' (MA-S): slow-twitch fatigue-resistant; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|abducent nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ansa cervicalis]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|cochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|common peroneal nerve, articular branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|dorsal scapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, buccal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, cervical branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, mouth opening muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, temporal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, zygomatic branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|fibular nerve, deep]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|first intercostal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|genitofemoral nerve, genital]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, inferior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|hypoglossal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|inferior rectal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|lateral pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|long thoracic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|medial pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, forearm innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mylohyoid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to geniohyoid]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to levator scapulae]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to psoas muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to quadratus lumborum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius capitis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius cervilis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerve to superficial transverse perineal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, greater]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|oculomotor nerve, inferior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|perineal nerve, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|phrenic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|piriform nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, medial]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|radial nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|stapedius nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subclavian nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|subcostal nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subscapular nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suprascapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|thyroid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|tibial nerve, muscular branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|trochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch]]}
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* '''Beta motoneurons''' (MB): affect both extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers
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** '''beta dynamic motoneurons''' (MB-D): slow contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
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** '''beta static motoneurons''' (MB-S): fast contracting motor units; FIBERS={A-beta-motor}
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* '''Gamma motoneurons''' (MG): enforce alpha motoneurons
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** '''gamma dynamic motoneurons''' (MG-D): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
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** '''gamma static motoneurons''' (MG-S): contract muscle spindles from both ends; FIBERS={A-gamma-motor}
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* '''postganglionic autonomic motoneurons''' (MPG): postganglionic autonomic
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** '''postganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons''' (MPG-P): visceral activity and repose, short, local; FIBERS={C-motor}
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** '''postganglionic sympathetic motoneurons''' (MPG-S): muscles and skin, pre/post - temporal summation and spatial summation; FIBERS={C-motor}
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* '''preganglionic autonomic motoneurons''' (MPA): preganglionic paravertebral/prevertebral sympathetic, spinal/cranial parasympathetic
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** '''preganglionic parasympathetic cranial''' (MPA-PC): cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|chorda tympani, parasympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior laryngeal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|oculomotor nerve, superior branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|pharyngeal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, bronchial branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, cardiac branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, esophageal branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastric branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon]]}
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** '''preganglionic parasympathetic spinal''' (MPA-PS): spinal cord long fibers to parasympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}
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** '''preganglionic paravertebral sympathetic''' (MPA-SPAV): short to paravertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ansa subclavia]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|caroticotympanic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|external carotid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|genitofemoral nerve, genital branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|greater thoracic splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, cervical]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, lubricate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, prostatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, ureteric]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lesser splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lowest splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|right hypogastric nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|scrotal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|stellate ganglion, arterial branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|superior cervical cardiac nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia]]}
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** '''preganglionic prevertebral sympathetic''' (MPA-SPRV): long to prevertebral sympathetic ganglia; FIBERS={B-motor}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers]]}
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'''Sensory Endings''':
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<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1fc341689bd2f048739c189f6b03ad84.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
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* '''Mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH)
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** '''Deep tissue mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH-DEEP)
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*** '''Pacinian corpuscles''' (SPC): responds to vibration; vibration 60-400 Hz, deep; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory; A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerves, anterior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|buccal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical nerve, transverse]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ciliary nerves, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ethmoidal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|frontal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infratrochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|internal nasal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mandibular nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|maxillary nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mental nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerve of external acoustic meatus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, neck]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|superior labial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, intermediate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, medial]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tentorial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|zygomatic nerve]]}
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*** '''Ruffini corpuscles''' (SRC): responds to pressure on skin; stretching of skin, crude touch; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerves, anterior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|buccal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical nerve, transverse]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ciliary nerves, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ethmoidal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|frontal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infratrochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|internal nasal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mandibular nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|maxillary nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mental nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerve of external acoustic meatus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, neck]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|superior labial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, intermediate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, medial]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tentorial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|zygomatic nerve]]}
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** '''Skin mechanoreceptors''' (SMECH-SKIN)
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*** '''Hair follicle receptors''' (SHF): responds to hair displacement; touch, hairy skin velocity; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerves, anterior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|buccal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical nerve, transverse]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ciliary nerves, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ethmoidal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|frontal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infratrochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|internal nasal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mandibular nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|maxillary nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mental nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerve of external acoustic meatus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, neck]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|superior labial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, intermediate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, medial]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tentorial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|zygomatic nerve]]}
 +
*** '''Meissner corpuscles''' (SMC): responds to vibration; vibration 20-50 Hz; dynamic touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory; A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerves, anterior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|buccal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical nerve, transverse]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ciliary nerves, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ethmoidal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|frontal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infratrochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|internal nasal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mandibular nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|maxillary nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mental nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerve of external acoustic meatus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, neck]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|superior labial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, intermediate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, medial]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tentorial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|zygomatic nerve]]}
 +
*** '''Merkel disk receptors''' (SMD): responds to pressure on skin; vibration 5-15 Hz, static (sustained) touch/pressure; FIBERS={A-beta-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerves, anterior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|buccal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical nerve, transverse]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ciliary nerves, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ethmoidal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|frontal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infratrochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|internal nasal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mandibular nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|maxillary nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mental nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerve of external acoustic meatus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, neck]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|superior labial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, intermediate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, medial]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tentorial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|zygomatic nerve]]}
 +
* '''Pain and temperature receptors''' (SPT)
 +
** '''A-delta fiber nociceptors''' (SAD): fast/first pain information; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical cardiac nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|greater thoracic splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, cervical]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, lubricate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, prostatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, ureteric]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lesser splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lowest splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|phrenic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|right hypogastric nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, bronchial branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, cardiac branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, esophageal branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastric branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon]]}
 +
** '''Cold receptors''' (SCR): respond to low temperature; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]}
 +
** '''Nonencapsulated free-nerve endings''' (SFN): pain and temperature
 +
*** '''C fiber nociceptors''' (SFN-CN): responsible for the second, burning pain; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]}
 +
*** '''C fiber warming-specific receptors''' (SFN-CW): responsible for warmth; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]}
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*** '''C mechano- and metabo- receptors in muscles or joints''' (SFN-CM): responsible for muscle exercise, burn and cramp; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]}
 +
*** '''tactile C fibers''' (SFN-CT): sensual touch; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]}
 +
*** '''ultra-slow histamine-selective C fibers''' (SFN-CI): responsible for itch; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]}
 +
* '''Proprioceptors''' (SPROP)
 +
** '''Golgi tendon organs''' (SGT): muscle tension; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]}
 +
** '''Muscle spindles''' (SMS): skeletal muscle, stretch by muscle length, fast
 +
*** '''Dynamic nuclear bag fibers''' (SMS-DN): report rate of change of muscle length; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]}
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*** '''Nuclear chain fibers''' (SMS-NC): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]}
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*** '''Static nuclear bag fibers''' (SMS-SN): report static length of muscle; FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]}
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* '''Special Senses''' (SPS)
 +
** '''Baroreceptors''' (SSB): blood pressure in carotid sinus; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|Hering's nerve]]}
 +
** '''Cochlea receptor''' (SSA): audition; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|cochlear nerve]]}
 +
** '''Olfactory receptor''' (SSS): smell, odor detection; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|olfactory nerves]]}
 +
** '''Oxigen chemoreceptors''' (SSO): oxigen level in carotid body; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|Hering's nerve]]}
 +
** '''Retinal rods and cones''' (SSV): vision receptors; FIBERS={A-delta-sensory; C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|ampullar nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|optic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|saccular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|utricular nerve]]}
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** '''Taste buds''' (SST): taste receptors; FIBERS={C-sensory}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|communicating branch of chorda tympani with lingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, tonsillar branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers]]}
 +
 +
'''Fibers by thickness''':
 +
 +
''' '''A-alpha* (mixed, 12-22 mcm, 70-120 m/sec): low theshold, 2ms after stimulus (type Ia,Ib; motoneurons, touch, position and velocity)
 +
* '''A-alpha-Ia''' (mixed)
 +
** '''A-alpha-Ia-motor''' - alpha motoneurons (motor); ENDINGS={MA-FF,MA-FR,MA-S}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesCranial|abducent nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|accessory nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ansa cervicalis]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, occipital branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|axillary nerve, motor branch to triceps brachii]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|cochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|common peroneal nerve, articular branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|cutaneous nerve of foot, medial dorsal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|dorsal nerve of clitoris/penis]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|dorsal scapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, buccal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, cervical branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, marginal mandibular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, mouth opening muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, temporal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|facial nerve, zygomatic branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, extensor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, muscular branches, flexor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|fibular nerve, deep]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|first intercostal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|genitofemoral nerve, genital]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, stylopharyngeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, inferior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|hypoglossal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|inferior rectal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, external]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|lateral pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|long thoracic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|medial pectoral nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, forearm innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|median nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|motor nerves of back, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mylohyoid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to atlanto-occipital joint muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to geniohyoid]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to levator scapulae]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to longus capitis and longus colli muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to psoas muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve to quadratus lumborum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to scalene and levator scapulae muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius capitis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|nerve to splenius cervilis muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerve to superficial transverse perineal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|nerves to coccygeus and levator ani muscles]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, greater]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|oculomotor nerve, inferior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|perineal nerve, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|phrenic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|piriform nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, deep branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, lateral, superficial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|plantar nerve, medial]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|radial nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|stapedius nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subclavian nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|subcostal nerve, motor]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|subscapular nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suprascapular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic and thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, flexors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracic intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalTrunk|thoracicoabdominal intercostal nerves, extensors]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|thyroid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|tibial nerve, muscular branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|trochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ulnar nerve, motor, wrist and fingers innervation]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch]]}
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** '''A-alpha-Ia-sensory''' (sensory): skin, two-point discrimination (muscle spindle primary sensory endings; extrafusal muscles, Meissner's corpuscles; annulospiral endings, length and velocity); ENDINGS={SMC}
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* '''A-alpha-Ib-sensory''' (sensory): report load being applied to muscle, stretching of skin; ENDINGS={SGT,SRC,SMS-NC,SMS-SN,SMS-DN}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|musculocutaneous nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|suboccipital nerve]]}
 +
''' '''A-beta* (mixed, 8-13 mcm, 40-70 m/sec): higher theshold, 4ms after stimulus (type II; fine touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings)
 +
* '''A-beta-motor''' - beta motoneurons (motor): skeleto-fusimotor, intrafusal fibers and collaterals to extrafusal muscle fibers, muscle spindles, increase dynamic sensitivity of ending; ENDINGS={MB-D,MB-S}
 +
* '''A-beta-sensory''' (sensory): fine touch, kinesthesia (length only; secondary afferents, flower spray endings); ENDINGS={SMD,SRC,SHF,SPC,SMC}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, anterior and middle branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|alveolar nerves, superior, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerve, posterior, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auricular nerves, anterior]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branch to tympanic membrane]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, branches communicating with facial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|buccal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical nerve, transverse]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ciliary nerves, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ethmoidal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|frontal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, meningeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, anterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|great auricular nerve, posterior branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, dental branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior alveolar nerve, gingival branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, external nasal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infraorbital nerve, inferior palpebral branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|infratrochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|internal nasal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, branch to isthmus of fauces]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lingual nerve, lingual branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mandibular nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|maxillary nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|mental nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerve of external acoustic meatus]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, neck]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|occipital nerve, third]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerve, sensory fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|superior labial branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, intermediate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|supraclavicular nerves, medial]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tentorial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, auricular branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, meningeal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|zygomatic nerve]]}
 +
''' '''A-delta-sensory* (sensory, 1-4 mcm, 5-15 m/sec): noxious, cold, pressure; 20ms after stimulus (type III; thinly-myelinated; noxious receptors - first/fast, sharp, well-localized pain; cold receptors - temperature, high-threshold mechano/heat, phasic; pressure - rapidly adapting mechanosensitive, directional selectivity, crude touch; auditory axons 2 mcm; vestibular axons 3 mcm); ENDINGS={SAD,SCR,SPC,SSA,SSV}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|ampullar nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical cardiac nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|cochlear nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|greater thoracic splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, cervical]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, lubricate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, prostatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, ureteric]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lesser splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lowest splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|phrenic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|right hypogastric nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|saccular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|utricular nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, bronchial branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, cardiac branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, esophageal branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastric branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon]]}
 +
''' '''A-gamma-motor* (motor, 4-8 mcm, 15-40 m/sec): intrafusal muscle fibers, 6ms after stimulus (skeletal muscle tone, contract muscle spindles from both ends, fusimotor gamma neurons, affect Ia/II); ENDINGS={MG-D,MG-S}
 +
''' '''B-motor* (motor, 1-3 mcm, 3-14 m/sec): preganglionic autonomic (myelinated, ACh, sympathetic only in T1-L3, IML); ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MPA-SPRV,MPA-PS,MPA-PC}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ansa subclavia]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|caroticotympanic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|chorda tympani, parasympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|external carotid nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|genitofemoral nerve, genital branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|greater thoracic splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|inferior laryngeal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|jugular nerve, sympathetic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, cervical]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, lubricate]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, prostatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, ureteric]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lesser splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|lowest splanchnic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|oculomotor nerve, superior branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|pharyngeal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|right hypogastric nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|scrotal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|stellate ganglion, arterial branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|sublingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|superior cervical cardiac nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, bronchial branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, cardiac branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, esophageal branches]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastric branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon]]}
 +
''' '''C* (mixed, 0.1-1 mcm, 0.2-2 m/sec): pain, touch, pressure, temperature, postganglionic autonomic, taste (60ms after stimulus)
 +
* '''C-motor''' (motor): postganglionic autonomic; ENDINGS={MPG-S,MPG-P}
 +
* '''C-sensory''' (sensory): pain and temperature, special (optic axons width average 0.72 mcm; olfactory axons 0.35 mcm); ENDINGS={SFN-CN,SFN-CW,SFN-CI,SFN-CT,SFN-CM,SST,SSV,SSO,SSB,SSS}; NERVES={[[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Genitalia nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|Hering's nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalGenital|Rectum nerves, somatic]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|arm nerves, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cluneal nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|coccygeal plexus]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|communicating branch of chorda tympani with lingual nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|femoral nerve, leg]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|femoral nerve, thigh, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|genitofemoral nerve, thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|glossopharyngeal nerve, tonsillar branch]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|gluteal nerve, superior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal muscular somatic nerves]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|intercostobrachial nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|lacrimal nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|laryngeal nerve, internal]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|nerves to masticatory muscles]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|obturator nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|olfactory nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|optic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|palatine nerves, lesser, parasympathetic fibers]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|recurrent laryngeal nerve, posterior]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalFoot|sciatic nerve]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThigh|sciatic nerves, second]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalCervical|shoulder nerves, mixed]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|subcostal nerve, sensory]]; [[HumanNervesSpinalThoracic|thoracic breast nerves]]; [[HumanNervesCranial|tympanic nerve]]}
 +
 +
 +
= Tracts Hierarchy =
 +
(generated)
 +
 +
== Ascending Tracts ==
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 +
TRACT SET: [[MindTractsAT|Ascending Tracts]]
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system TRACT ALS]: '''anterolateral system''' - pain transfer
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** TRACT SLS: '''spinolimbic system''' - autonomic body pain transfer
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*** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771 TRACT SHTT]: '''spinohypothalamic tract''' - autonomic body pain transfer to hypothalamus
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray TRACT SMST]: '''spinomesencephalic tract''' - descending modulation of pain
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract TRACT SST]: '''spinosolitary tract''' - autonomic body pain transfer to parabrachial nucleus
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract TRACT SRS]: '''spinoreticular system''' - automatic body pain reflection
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*** TRACT SMRT: '''spinomedulloreticular tract''' - automatic body pain spinal reflection
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*** TRACT SPRT: '''spinopontoreticular tract''' - automatic body pain cortical reflection
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract TRACT STCT]: '''spinotectal tract''' - automatic body pain spinovisual reflection
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract TRACT STS]: '''spinothalamic system''' - body pain transfer
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract TRACT ASTT]: '''anterior spinothalamic tract''' (paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract) - body slow pain localization
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract TRACT LSTT]: '''lateral spinothalamic tract''' (neospinothalamic tract) - body pain perception
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** [http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html TRACT TTS]: '''trigeminothalamic system''' - head pain transfer
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract TRACT ATTT]: '''anterior trigeminothalamic tract''' (ventral trigeminothalamic tract) - head pain localization
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract TRACT DTTT]: '''dorsal trigeminal tract''' (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus) - head pain perception
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus TRACT MLS]: '''medial lemniscus system''' - conscious body mechanical perception
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway TRACT PCS]: '''posterior column system''' (dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon) - conscious upper body mechanical and lower body cutaneous perception
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus TRACT FCT]: '''fasciculus cuneatus tract''' (tract of Burdach) - conscious upper body mechanical perception
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus TRACT FGT]: '''fasciculus gracilis tract''' (tract of Goll) - conscious lower body cutaneous perception
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway TRACT SCVT]: '''spinocervical tract''' (Morin's tract) - conscious lower body proprioception
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract TRACT SCS]: '''spinocerebellar system''' - automatic activity
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** TRACT DSCS: '''direct spinocerebellar system''' - automatic activity of body
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers TRACT CSCT]: '''cuneocerebellar tract''' - automatic activity of upper limbs
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT DSCT]: '''dorsal spinocerebellar tract''' (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract) - automatic activity of lower limbs
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT RSCT]: '''rostral spinocerebellar tract''' - automatic activity of upper body
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT VSCT]: '''ventral spinocerebellar tract''' (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract) - automatic activity of lower body
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** TRACT SMTS: '''spinometencephalic system''' - automatic activity integration
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SOT]: '''spinoolivary tract''' (Helwegs tract) - automatic activity of head, neck and upper limbs
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SVT]: '''spinovestibular tract''' - automatic activity vestibular integration
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== Descending Tracts ==
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 +
TRACT SET: [[MindTractsDT|Descending Tracts]]
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* TRACT ATS: '''autonomic tracts system''' (descending autonomic fibers) - autonomic control
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamospinal_tract TRACT HTST]: '''hypothalamospinal tract''' - oculomotor autonomic control
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system TRACT SSS]: '''solitariospinal system''' - involuntary breathing control
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_respiratory_group TRACT SSET]: '''solitariospinal expiratory tract''' - rhythmic expiration
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_respiratory_group TRACT SSIT]: '''solitariospinal inpiratory tract''' - rhythmic inspiration
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* TRACT ESS: '''extensor somatic system''' - extensor control
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract TRACT ACST]: '''anterior corticospinal tract''' (ventral corticospinal tract) - conscious extensor control
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus TRACT MLFS]: '''medial longitudinal fasciculus system''' - automatic control
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectospinal_tract TRACT TCST]: '''tectospinal tract''' - oculomotor automatic control
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*** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract TRACT VST]: '''vestibulospinal tract''' - body automatic control
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**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT LVST]: '''lateral vestibulospinal tract''' - maintaining balance via legs extensors
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**** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_vestibulospinal_tract TRACT MVST]: '''medial vestibulospinal tract''' - stabilize visual image on retina
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulospinal_tract TRACT RTSS]: '''reticulospinal system''' - automatic and autonomic control
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*** TRACT MRST: '''medullary reticulospinal tract''' (lateral reticulospinal tract) - inhibit extensors
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*** TRACT PRST: '''pontine reticulospinal tract''' (medial reticulospinal tract) - excite extensors
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* TRACT FSS: '''flexor somatic system''' - flexor control
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract TRACT CBT]: '''corticobulbar tract''' - cranial flexor control
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract TRACT LSTT]: '''lateral corticospinal tract''' - conscious flexor control
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** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract TRACT RBST]: '''rubrospinal tract''' - automatic flexor control

Revision as of 15:49, 13 April 2019

Biological Mind Tracts

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> MindTracts

bio-research.jpg

This page is intended to describe set of physically existing tracts connecting set of regions across mind.

Sensory and Motor Root Neurons

(generated)

Motor Endings:

Sensory Endings:

Fibers by thickness: 

 A-alpha* (mixed, 12-22 mcm, 70-120 m/sec): low theshold, 2ms after stimulus (type Ia,Ib; motoneurons, touch, position and velocity)

 A-beta* (mixed, 8-13 mcm, 40-70 m/sec): higher theshold, 4ms after stimulus (type II; fine touch, kinesthesia, muscle spindle secondary endings)

 A-delta-sensory* (sensory, 1-4 mcm, 5-15 m/sec): noxious, cold, pressure; 20ms after stimulus (type III; thinly-myelinated; noxious receptors - first/fast, sharp, well-localized pain; cold receptors - temperature, high-threshold mechano/heat, phasic; pressure - rapidly adapting mechanosensitive, directional selectivity, crude touch; auditory axons 2 mcm; vestibular axons 3 mcm); ENDINGS={SAD,SCR,SPC,SSA,SSV}; NERVES={Genitalia nerves, somatic; Rectum nerves, somatic; ampullar nerve; arm nerves, sensory; cervical cardiac nerve, sensory; cluneal nerves; coccygeal plexus; cochlear nerve; cutaneous nerve of thigh, lateral; femoral nerve, leg; femoral nerve, thigh, sensory; genitofemoral nerve, thigh; gluteal nerve, superior; greater thoracic splanchnic nerve; intercostal muscular somatic nerves; intercostal nerves, anterior cutaneous branches; intercostal nerves, posterior lateral cutaneous branches; intercostobrachial nerve; left hypogastric nerve, cervical; left hypogastric nerve, lubricate; left hypogastric nerve, prostatic; left hypogastric nerve, ureteric; left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal; lesser splanchnic nerve; lowest splanchnic nerve; nerve of quadrate muscle of thigh; nerves to masticatory muscles; obturator nerve; phrenic nerve; right hypogastric nerve; saccular nerve; sciatic nerve; sciatic nerves, second; shoulder nerves, mixed; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal; subcostal nerve, sensory; thoracic breast nerves; utricular nerve; vagus nerve, bronchial branch; vagus nerve, cardiac branch; vagus nerve, esophageal branches; vagus nerve, gastric branch; vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch; vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper; vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon}
 A-gamma-motor* (motor, 4-8 mcm, 15-40 m/sec): intrafusal muscle fibers, 6ms after stimulus (skeletal muscle tone, contract muscle spindles from both ends, fusimotor gamma neurons, affect Ia/II); ENDINGS={MG-D,MG-S}
 B-motor* (motor, 1-3 mcm, 3-14 m/sec): preganglionic autonomic (myelinated, ACh, sympathetic only in T1-L3, IML); ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MPA-SPRV,MPA-PS,MPA-PC}; NERVES={ansa subclavia; auriculotemporal nerve, parotid branch; caroticotympanic nerves; cervical cardiac nerve, inferior, sympathetic; cervical cardiac nerve, middle, sympathetic; chorda tympani, parasympathetic; ciliary nerves, sympathetic fibers; external carotid nerve; genitofemoral nerve, genital branch; greater thoracic splanchnic nerve; inferior laryngeal nerve; internal carotid nerve, to tarsal muscle; jugular nerve, sympathetic; left hypogastric nerve, cervical; left hypogastric nerve, lubricate; left hypogastric nerve, prostatic; left hypogastric nerve, ureteric; left hypogastric nerve, uterovaginal; lesser splanchnic nerve; lowest splanchnic nerve; middle cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; middle cervical ganglion, thyroid branches; nasopalatine nerve, parasympathetic fibers; oculomotor nerve, superior branch; palatine nerve, sympathetic fibers; palatine nerves, parasympathetic fibers; petrosal nerve, greater, to lacrimal gland; pharyngeal nerve; right hypogastric nerve; scrotal nerve, posterior; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, nipple; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to penis/clitoris; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to rectum; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to stomach; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, to urinary bladder; splanchnic nerves, pelvic, uterovaginal; stellate ganglion, arterial branches; stellate ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; sublingual nerve; superior cervical cardiac nerve; superior cervical ganglion, laryngopharyngeal branches; superior cervical ganglion, sympathetic fibers, grey communicating rami; thoracic sympatetic chain ganglia; tympanic nerve; vagus nerve, bronchial branch; vagus nerve, cardiac branch; vagus nerve, esophageal branches; vagus nerve, gastric branch; vagus nerve, gastroduodenal branch; vagus nerve, hepatic branch proper; vagus nerve, spleen, kidney, small intestine and colon}
 C* (mixed, 0.1-1 mcm, 0.2-2 m/sec): pain, touch, pressure, temperature, postganglionic autonomic, taste (60ms after stimulus)


Tracts Hierarchy

(generated)

Ascending Tracts

TRACT SET: Ascending Tracts

  • TRACT ALS: anterolateral system - pain transfer
    • TRACT SLS: spinolimbic system - autonomic body pain transfer
      • TRACT SHTT: spinohypothalamic tract - autonomic body pain transfer to hypothalamus
      • TRACT SMST: spinomesencephalic tract - descending modulation of pain
      • TRACT SST: spinosolitary tract - autonomic body pain transfer to parabrachial nucleus
    • TRACT SRS: spinoreticular system - automatic body pain reflection
      • TRACT SMRT: spinomedulloreticular tract - automatic body pain spinal reflection
      • TRACT SPRT: spinopontoreticular tract - automatic body pain cortical reflection
      • TRACT STCT: spinotectal tract - automatic body pain spinovisual reflection
    • TRACT STS: spinothalamic system - body pain transfer
      • TRACT ASTT: anterior spinothalamic tract (paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract) - body slow pain localization
      • TRACT LSTT: lateral spinothalamic tract (neospinothalamic tract) - body pain perception
    • TRACT TTS: trigeminothalamic system - head pain transfer
      • TRACT ATTT: anterior trigeminothalamic tract (ventral trigeminothalamic tract) - head pain localization
      • TRACT DTTT: dorsal trigeminal tract (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus) - head pain perception
  • TRACT MLS: medial lemniscus system - conscious body mechanical perception
    • TRACT PCS: posterior column system (dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon) - conscious upper body mechanical and lower body cutaneous perception
      • TRACT FCT: fasciculus cuneatus tract (tract of Burdach) - conscious upper body mechanical perception
      • TRACT FGT: fasciculus gracilis tract (tract of Goll) - conscious lower body cutaneous perception
    • TRACT SCVT: spinocervical tract (Morin's tract) - conscious lower body proprioception
  • TRACT SCS: spinocerebellar system - automatic activity
    • TRACT DSCS: direct spinocerebellar system - automatic activity of body
      • TRACT CSCT: cuneocerebellar tract - automatic activity of upper limbs
      • TRACT DSCT: dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract) - automatic activity of lower limbs
      • TRACT RSCT: rostral spinocerebellar tract - automatic activity of upper body
      • TRACT VSCT: ventral spinocerebellar tract (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract) - automatic activity of lower body
    • TRACT SMTS: spinometencephalic system - automatic activity integration
      • TRACT SOT: spinoolivary tract (Helwegs tract) - automatic activity of head, neck and upper limbs
      • TRACT SVT: spinovestibular tract - automatic activity vestibular integration

Descending Tracts

TRACT SET: Descending Tracts

  • TRACT ATS: autonomic tracts system (descending autonomic fibers) - autonomic control
    • TRACT HTST: hypothalamospinal tract - oculomotor autonomic control
    • TRACT SSS: solitariospinal system - involuntary breathing control
      • TRACT SSET: solitariospinal expiratory tract - rhythmic expiration
      • TRACT SSIT: solitariospinal inpiratory tract - rhythmic inspiration
  • TRACT ESS: extensor somatic system - extensor control
    • TRACT ACST: anterior corticospinal tract (ventral corticospinal tract) - conscious extensor control
    • TRACT MLFS: medial longitudinal fasciculus system - automatic control
      • TRACT TCST: tectospinal tract - oculomotor automatic control
      • TRACT VST: vestibulospinal tract - body automatic control
        • TRACT LVST: lateral vestibulospinal tract - maintaining balance via legs extensors
        • TRACT MVST: medial vestibulospinal tract - stabilize visual image on retina
    • TRACT RTSS: reticulospinal system - automatic and autonomic control
      • TRACT MRST: medullary reticulospinal tract (lateral reticulospinal tract) - inhibit extensors
      • TRACT PRST: pontine reticulospinal tract (medial reticulospinal tract) - excite extensors
  • TRACT FSS: flexor somatic system - flexor control
    • TRACT CBT: corticobulbar tract - cranial flexor control
    • TRACT LSTT: lateral corticospinal tract - conscious flexor control
    • TRACT RBST: rubrospinal tract - automatic flexor control
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