BrainCenterFAM FT AM

Amygdala

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This page covers biological details of component group Amygdala. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to center: Forebrain Telencephalon -> Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.EXTAM) -> Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM) (see Mind Maps)
• Function: Experiencing and recognizing emotions

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

• Basolateral Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.BL): stimulating emotional response
  • Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LA): plasticity, conditional (neutral stimulus) to specific (taste, smell, visceral) unconditional (positive or negative stimulus) association
    • Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus: conditional stimulus input - high-aggregated visual, auditory and somatic, patterns of perception
    • Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus: unconditional stimulus input - visual, auditory and somatic, convergence from thalamus
    • Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus: conditional and unconditional convergence to affect polymodal memory formation
  • Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.B): enhance explicit memories in hippocampus about emotional situations
    • Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus: enhance explicit memories in hippocampus about emotional situations
    • Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus: enhance emotional memories memories in medial prefrontal cortex
  • Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus: enhance assotiative memory formation
• Corticomedial Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.CTM)
  • Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CO): olfactory processing
    • Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus: olfactory processing - conditional contextual signaling
    • Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus: olfactory processing - unconditional signaling
  • Centromedial Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.CM): attention and arousal
    • Central Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.CEA): mediate behavioral responses, link to general aspects of reinforcement; responses to fear stimuli; directing attention and behaviors when salience of competing stimuli is in flux
      • Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision: mediate behavioral responses, link to striatal effect
      • Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision: mediate behavioral responses, link to gustatory and visceral aspects of reinforcement
      • Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus: mediate behavioral responses, output projections
    • Medial Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.M): sense of smell and pheromone-processing
      • Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus: olfactory processing
      • Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus: reproductive behavior
      • Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus: defensive behavior
• Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei: inhibit excessive emotional behavior

Connectivity

(generated)

Internal Regions Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Reference
Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus	Body alarm system (AB -> CE, abstract)
	Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei	(unknown reference)
Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)
	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus	Amygdala and its network (BLN -> CEA, abstract)
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus	Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	Body alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)
	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	Amygdala and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)
	Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision	Amygdala and its network (LA -> CEA, abstract)
	Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei	(unknown reference)
	Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)
Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	Amygdala and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)
Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	Body alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)
Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus	Body alarm system (MED -> CE, abstract)
	Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)
	Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Connections:

External Inbound Center Connections:

Source Center ID	Source Center Name	Reference
BGA.FT.BG	Basal Ganglia	(unknown reference)
FAM.FT.CEAM	Central Extended Amygdala	(unknown reference)
FD.TH	Thalamus	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)
FT.OLF	Olfactory Nuclei	(unknown reference)
HBA.FT.HF	Hippocampal Formation	Simplified model of hippocampal formation anatomy (SUB -> Amyg, abstract)
HP.RF	Pontine Reticular Formation	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (PB -> AM, abstract)
LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)
NC.ACG	Anterior Cingulate Area	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)
NC.AL.OMPFC	Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex	(unknown reference)
NC.INS	Insular Cortex	(unknown reference)
NC.PHA.RH	Rhinal Cortex	Simplified model of hippocampal formation anatomy (EC -> Amyg, abstract)
NC.PO	Parietal Operculum	(unknown reference)
NC.STG	Superior Temporal Gyrus	Amygdala and its network (STC -> LA, abstract)
NSA.NC.IT	Inferotemporal Area	Amygdala and its network (ITC -> LA, abstract)

External Outbound Center Connections:

Target Center ID	Target Center Name	Reference
BGA.FT.BG	Basal Ganglia	(unknown reference)
FAM.FT.CEAM	Central Extended Amygdala	(unknown reference)
FAM.FT.SEP	Septal Nuclei	(unknown reference)
FD.TH	Thalamus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (AM -> TH, abstract)
FMM.NC.PHA.RS	Retrosubicular Area	Detailed amygdalohippocampal projections (Bpc -> PaS)
HBA.FT.HF	Hippocampal Formation	Detailed amygdalohippocampal projections (ABmg -> CA1P)
HMC.SN	Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei	(unknown reference)
HP.RF	Pontine Reticular Formation	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)
HTA.FD.HT	Hypothalamus	Amygdala and its network (BLN -> HTS, abstract)
LMC.MM.PAG	Periaqueductal Gray Matter	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)
MM.REF	Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)
NC.ACG	Anterior Cingulate Area	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)
NC.MPL	Medial Parietal Lobule	Oculomotor decision-making (AMYG -> CGp, abstract)
NC.PHA.RH	Rhinal Cortex	Principal Connections of Hippocampus (AM -> EC, abstract)
NSA.NC.TTG	Transverse Temporal Gyrus	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> AC, abstract)