BrainCenterFAM FT AM

Amygdala

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This page covers biological details of component group Amygdala. Component group is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to center: Forebrain Telencephalon -> Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.EXTAM) -> Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM) (see Mind Maps)
• Function: Experiencing and recognizing emotions

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

• Basolateral Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.BL): stimulating emotional response
  • Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LA): plasticity, conditional (neutral stimulus) to specific (taste, smell, visceral) unconditional (positive or negative stimulus) association
    • Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LADL): conditional stimulus input - high-aggregated visual, auditory and somatic, patterns of perception
    • Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVL): unconditional stimulus input - visual, auditory and somatic, convergence from thalamus
    • Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVM): conditional and unconditional convergence to affect polymodal memory formation
  • Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.B): enhance explicit memories in hippocampus about emotional situations
    • Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP): enhance explicit memories in hippocampus about emotional situations
    • Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BM): enhance emotional memories memories in medial prefrontal cortex
  • Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB): enhance assotiative memory formation
• Corticomedial Nuclear Complex (FAM.FT.AM.CTM)
  • Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CO): olfactory processing
    • Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COA): olfactory processing - conditional contextual signaling
    • Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COP): olfactory processing - unconditional signaling
  • Centromedial Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.CM): attention and arousal
    • Central Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.CEA): mediate behavioral responses, link to general aspects of reinforcement; responses to fear stimuli; directing attention and behaviors when salience of competing stimuli is in flux
      • Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEC): mediate behavioral responses, link to striatal effect
      • Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEL): mediate behavioral responses, link to gustatory and visceral aspects of reinforcement
      • Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM): mediate behavioral responses, output projections
    • Medial Amygdala (FAM.FT.AM.M): sense of smell and pheromone-processing
      • Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MEA): olfactory processing
      • Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPD): reproductive behavior
      • Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPV): defensive behavior
• Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC): inhibit excessive emotional behavior

Connectivity

(generated)

Internal Regions Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Reference
Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	Body alarm system (AB -> CE, abstract)
	Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPD)	(unknown reference)
Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BM)	Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC)	(unknown reference)
Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP)	Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BM)	(unknown reference)
	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	Amygdala and its network (BLN -> CEA, abstract)
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEC)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	(unknown reference)
Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, lateral subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEL)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	(unknown reference)
Anterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COA)	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB)	(unknown reference)
Posterior Cortical Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.COP)	Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MEA)	(unknown reference)
Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	(unknown reference)
Dorsolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LADL)	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB)	Body alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)
	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP)	Amygdala and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)
	Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision (FAM.FT.AM.CEC)	Amygdala and its network (LA -> CEA, abstract)
	Intercalated Amygdaloid Nuclei (FAM.FT.AM.ITC)	(unknown reference)
	Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVM)	(unknown reference)
Ventrolateral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVL)	Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.BP)	Amygdala and its network (LA -> BLN, abstract)
Ventromedial Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.LAVM)	Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.AB)	Body alarm system (LA -> AB, abstract)
	Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPV)	Body alarm system (LA -> MED, abstract)
Medial Anterior Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MEA)	Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.CEM)	Body alarm system (MED -> CE, abstract)
	Medial Posteror Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPD)	(unknown reference)
	Medial Posteror Ventral Amygdaloid Nucleus (FAM.FT.AM.MPV)	(unknown reference)

External Connections:

External Inbound Center Connections:

Source Center	Reference
Basal Ganglia (BGA.FT.BG)	(unknown reference)
Central Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.CEAM)	(unknown reference)
Thalamus (FD.TH)	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (TH -> AM, abstract)
Olfactory Nuclei (FT.OLF)	(unknown reference)
Hippocampal Formation (HBA.FT.HF)	Simplified model of hippocampal formation anatomy (SUB -> Amyg, abstract)
Pontine Reticular Formation (HT.RF)	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (PB -> AM, abstract)
Ventral Tegmental Area (LMC.MM.VTA)	Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)
Anterior Cingulate Area (NC.ACG)	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)
Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.OMPFC)	(unknown reference)
Insular Cortex (NC.INS)	(unknown reference)
Rhinal Cortex (NC.PHA.RH)	Simplified model of hippocampal formation anatomy (EC -> Amyg, abstract)
Parietal Operculum (NC.PO)	(unknown reference)
Superior Temporal Gyrus (NC.STG)	Amygdala and its network (STC -> LA, abstract)
Inferotemporal Area (NSA.NC.IT)	Amygdala and its network (ITC -> LA, abstract)

External Outbound Center Connections:

Target Center	Reference
Basal Ganglia (BGA.FT.BG)	(unknown reference)
Central Extended Amygdala (FAM.FT.CEAM)	(unknown reference)
Septal Nuclei (FAM.FT.SEP)	(unknown reference)
Thalamus (FD.TH)	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (AM -> TH, abstract)
Retrosubicular Area (FMM.NC.PHA.RS)	Detailed amygdalohippocampal projections (Bpc -> PaS)
Hippocampal Formation (HBA.FT.HF)	Detailed amygdalohippocampal projections (ABmg -> CA1P)
Myelencephalic Parasympathetic Nuclei (HL.PSN)	Amygdala and its network (CEA -> VGDM, abstract)
Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei (HL.SN)	(unknown reference)
Hypothalamus (HTA.FD.HT)	Role for serotonin in moral behavior (AMY -> HYP, abstract)
Locus Coeruleus (LMC.HT.LC)	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)
Periaqueductal Gray Matter (LMC.MM.PAG)	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)
Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM.REF)	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> IC, abstract)
Anterior Cingulate Area (NC.ACG)	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)
Medial Parietal Lobule (NC.MPL)	Oculomotor decision-making (AMYG -> CGp, abstract)
Rhinal Cortex (NC.PHA.RH)	Principal Connections of Hippocampus (AM -> EC, abstract)
Transverse Temporal Gyrus (NSA.NC.TTG)	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> AC, abstract)