Difference between revisions of "MindTractsDT"

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=== ATS - autonomic tracts system ===
 
=== ATS - autonomic tracts system ===
Tract overview:
 
 
* external:
 
* external:
 
* synonyms: descending autonomic fibers
 
* synonyms: descending autonomic fibers
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==== HTST - hypothalamospinal tract ====
 
==== HTST - hypothalamospinal tract ====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamospinal_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamospinal_tract
 
* function:control autonomic components
 
* function:control autonomic components
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<img src="http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/autcont.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400>
 
<img src="http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/autcont.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400>
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''HTST.CSC''': stress responses (from paraventricular and lateral hypohtalamus to IML and SPS); FIBERS={B-motor}, ENDINGS={MPA-SPRV}: [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC|Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC]]
 
* path '''HTST.CSC''': stress responses (from paraventricular and lateral hypohtalamus to IML and SPS); FIBERS={B-motor}, ENDINGS={MPA-SPRV}: [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC|Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC]]
 
* path '''HTST.IML''': blood pressure regulation (from paraventricular and lateral hypohtalamus to IML and SPS); FIBERS={B-motor}, ENDINGS={MPA-SPRV}: [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]]
 
* path '''HTST.IML''': blood pressure regulation (from paraventricular and lateral hypohtalamus to IML and SPS); FIBERS={B-motor}, ENDINGS={MPA-SPRV}: [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]]
 +
----
 
==== SSS - solitariospinal system ====
 
==== SSS - solitariospinal system ====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system
 
* function:autonomic control of breathing
 
* function:autonomic control of breathing
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===== SSET - solitariospinal expiratory tract =====
 
===== SSET - solitariospinal expiratory tract =====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_respiratory_group
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_respiratory_group
 
* function:facilitate expiratory motor neurons to intercostal muscles
 
* function:facilitate expiratory motor neurons to intercostal muscles
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<img src="http://www.as.miami.edu/chemistry/2086/chap23/The%20Respiratory%20System%20Part%202_files/image009.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
<img src="http://www.as.miami.edu/chemistry/2086/chap23/The%20Respiratory%20System%20Part%202_files/image009.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''SSET.PATH''': facilitary expiratory muscles (descending in ventral funiculus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]]
 
* path '''SSET.PATH''': facilitary expiratory muscles (descending in ventral funiculus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]]
 +
----
 
===== SSIT - solitariospinal inpiratory tract =====
 
===== SSIT - solitariospinal inpiratory tract =====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_respiratory_group
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_respiratory_group
 
* function:facilitate inspiratory motor neurons in phrenic nucleus
 
* function:facilitate inspiratory motor neurons in phrenic nucleus
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<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3611.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
 
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3611.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''SSIT.PATH''': driving inspiratory muscles (descending in ventral part of lateral funiculus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_KFN|Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus,LRC.HT.KFN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PHR|Phrenic Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PHR]]
 
* path '''SSIT.PATH''': driving inspiratory muscles (descending in ventral part of lateral funiculus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_KFN|Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus,LRC.HT.KFN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PHR|Phrenic Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PHR]]
 +
----
 
=== ESS - extensor somatic system ===
 
=== ESS - extensor somatic system ===
Tract overview:
 
 
* external:
 
* external:
 
* function:control extensor muscles
 
* function:control extensor muscles
  
  
 +
----
 
==== ACST - anterior corticospinal tract ====
 
==== ACST - anterior corticospinal tract ====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_corticospinal_tract
 
* synonyms: ventral corticospinal tract
 
* synonyms: ventral corticospinal tract
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<img src="http://www2.fiu.edu/~condon/cs-cb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
<img src="http://www2.fiu.edu/~condon/cs-cb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''ACST.VL''': conscious control of distal extensors (premotor cortex to spinal cord VL); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL|Ventrolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VL]]
 
* path '''ACST.VL''': conscious control of distal extensors (premotor cortex to spinal cord VL); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL|Ventrolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VL]]
 
* path '''ACST.VM''': conscious control of axial extensors (premotor cortex to spinal cord VM); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F3|Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F3]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]]
 
* path '''ACST.VM''': conscious control of axial extensors (premotor cortex to spinal cord VM); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_SMC_F3|Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F3]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]]
 +
----
 
==== MLFS - medial longitudinal fasciculus system ====
 
==== MLFS - medial longitudinal fasciculus system ====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus
 
* function:connects the cranial nerve nuclei III (oculomotor nerve), IV (trochlear nerve) and VI (abducens nerve) together, and integrates movements directed by the gaze centers (frontal eye field) and information about head movement (from cranial nerve VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve)
 
* function:connects the cranial nerve nuclei III (oculomotor nerve), IV (trochlear nerve) and VI (abducens nerve) together, and integrates movements directed by the gaze centers (frontal eye field) and information about head movement (from cranial nerve VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve)
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===== TCST - tectospinal tract =====
 
===== TCST - tectospinal tract =====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectospinal_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectospinal_tract
 
* function:mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to visual and auditory stimuli
 
* function:mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to visual and auditory stimuli
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<img src="http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/23C.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=800>
 
<img src="http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/23C.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=800>
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''TCST.DEEP''': coordinates head and eye movements; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to visual stimuli (from deep layers of the superior colliculus; projects to contralateral and ipsilateral portion of first cervical neuromeres of spinal cord, oculomotor and trochlear nuclei and abducens nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]]
 
* path '''TCST.DEEP''': coordinates head and eye movements; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to visual stimuli (from deep layers of the superior colliculus; projects to contralateral and ipsilateral portion of first cervical neuromeres of spinal cord, oculomotor and trochlear nuclei and abducens nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]]
 
* path '''TCST.INT''': coordinates head and eye movements; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to auditory and somatosensory stimuli (from intermediate layers of the superior colliculus; projects to contralateral and ipsilateral portion of first cervical neuromeres of spinal cord, oculomotor and trochlear nuclei and abducens nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]]
 
* path '''TCST.INT''': coordinates head and eye movements; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to auditory and somatosensory stimuli (from intermediate layers of the superior colliculus; projects to contralateral and ipsilateral portion of first cervical neuromeres of spinal cord, oculomotor and trochlear nuclei and abducens nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]]
 +
----
 
===== VST - vestibulospinal tract =====
 
===== VST - vestibulospinal tract =====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract
 
* function:alter muscle tone, extend, and change position of limbs and head with goal of supporting posture and maintaining balance of body and head; maintain balance and to stabilize the visual image on the retina during head movements
 
* function:alter muscle tone, extend, and change position of limbs and head with goal of supporting posture and maintaining balance of body and head; maintain balance and to stabilize the visual image on the retina during head movements
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====== LVST - lateral vestibulospinal tract ======
 
====== LVST - lateral vestibulospinal tract ======
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_vestibulospinal_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_vestibulospinal_tract
 
* function:maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in legs
 
* function:maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in legs
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<img src="http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/13F1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
<img src="http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/13F1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''LVST.PATH''': maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in legs (originating in lateral, superior, and inferior vestibular nuclei (primarily the lateral); projects ipsilaterally down to lumbar region of spinal cord); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_LVBN|Lateral Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.LVBN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL|Ventrolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VL]]
 
* path '''LVST.PATH''': maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in legs (originating in lateral, superior, and inferior vestibular nuclei (primarily the lateral); projects ipsilaterally down to lumbar region of spinal cord); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_LVBN|Lateral Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.LVBN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VL|Ventrolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VL]]
 +
----
 
====== MVST - medial vestibulospinal tract ======
 
====== MVST - medial vestibulospinal tract ======
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_vestibulospinal_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_vestibulospinal_tract
 
* function:controls position of the head, neck, and eyes in response to changes in posture
 
* function:controls position of the head, neck, and eyes in response to changes in posture
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<img src="http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/13F.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
<img src="http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/13F.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''MVST.PATH''': it controls head and whole body orientation (from medial vestibular nucleus; projects bilaterally down spinal cord and triggers ventral horn of cervical spinal circuits); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_MVBN|Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]]
 
* path '''MVST.PATH''': it controls head and whole body orientation (from medial vestibular nucleus; projects bilaterally down spinal cord and triggers ventral horn of cervical spinal circuits); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_MVBN|Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_SAN|Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN]]
 +
----
 
==== RTSS - reticulospinal system ====
 
==== RTSS - reticulospinal system ====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulospinal_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulospinal_tract
 
* function:locomotion and postural control
 
* function:locomotion and postural control
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===== MRST - medullary reticulospinal tract =====
 
===== MRST - medullary reticulospinal tract =====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external:
 
* external:
 
* synonyms: lateral reticulospinal tract
 
* synonyms: lateral reticulospinal tract
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<img src="http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/descmoto.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
 
<img src="http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/descmoto.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''RTSS.MGC''': coordinate with phasic movements to and from paradoxical sleep; inhibit with enkephalin (from nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (vasodepressor center) to lamina VII); FIBERS={B-motor}, ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MG}: [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_PRF_GCR|Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.PRF.GCR]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]]
 
* path '''RTSS.MGC''': coordinate with phasic movements to and from paradoxical sleep; inhibit with enkephalin (from nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (vasodepressor center) to lamina VII); FIBERS={B-motor}, ENDINGS={MPA-SPAV,MG}: [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_PRF_GCR|Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.PRF.GCR]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]]
 +
----
 
===== PRST - pontine reticulospinal tract =====
 
===== PRST - pontine reticulospinal tract =====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external:
 
* external:
 
* synonyms: medial reticulospinal tract
 
* synonyms: medial reticulospinal tract
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<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3624.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
 
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3624.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''RTSS.PNC''': mediate head movement, suppresses muscle tone during REM sleep (from caudal pontine reticular nucleus to lamina VII and lamina VIII of spinal cord); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HT.PRF.CRF]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]]
 
* path '''RTSS.PNC''': mediate head movement, suppresses muscle tone during REM sleep (from caudal pontine reticular nucleus to lamina VII and lamina VIII of spinal cord); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HT.PRF.CRF]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]]
 
* path '''RTSS.PNO''': coordinate with phasic movements to and from paradoxical sleep (from oral pontine reticular nucleus to lamina VII and lamina VIII of spinal cord); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HT.PRF.RPO]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]]
 
* path '''RTSS.PNO''': coordinate with phasic movements to and from paradoxical sleep (from oral pontine reticular nucleus to lamina VII and lamina VIII of spinal cord); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HT.PRF.RPO]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_VM|Ventromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VM]]
 +
----
 
=== FSS - flexor somatic system ===
 
=== FSS - flexor somatic system ===
Tract overview:
 
 
* external:
 
* external:
 
* function:control flexor muscles
 
* function:control flexor muscles
  
  
 +
----
 
==== CBT - corticobulbar tract ====
 
==== CBT - corticobulbar tract ====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticobulbar_tract
 
* function:carrying the motor function of the non-oculomotor cranial nerves
 
* function:carrying the motor function of the non-oculomotor cranial nerves
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<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/spinobulbar.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=800>
 
<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/spinobulbar.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=800>
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''CBT.FACE''': conscious face expression (cortex to face muscles); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_FCM|Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM]]
 
* path '''CBT.FACE''': conscious face expression (cortex to face muscles); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_FCM|Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM]]
 
* path '''CBT.MOUTH''': conscious jaw move (cortex to jaw muscles); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_TRM|Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM]]
 
* path '''CBT.MOUTH''': conscious jaw move (cortex to jaw muscles); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_TRM|Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM]]
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* path '''CBT.THROAT''': conscious pharynx/larynx move (cortex to throat muscles); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB]]
 
* path '''CBT.THROAT''': conscious pharynx/larynx move (cortex to throat muscles); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB]]
 
* path '''CBT.TONGUE''': conscious tongue move (cortex to tongue muscles); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_HYG|Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG]]
 
* path '''CBT.TONGUE''': conscious tongue move (cortex to tongue muscles); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_HYG|Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG]]
 +
----
 
==== LSTT - lateral corticospinal tract ====
 
==== LSTT - lateral corticospinal tract ====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract
 
* function:flexor motor, pyramidal tract, conscious; volitional skilled motor activity
 
* function:flexor motor, pyramidal tract, conscious; volitional skilled motor activity
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<img src="http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/BOOKS/Principles%20of%20Neural%20Science%20-%20Kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/fulltextservice/ct%7B06b9ee1beed594190674f1983457a7dd32af6a0d5a4c9892~23/da4c18ff8.gif.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=800>
 
<img src="http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/BOOKS/Principles%20of%20Neural%20Science%20-%20Kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/fulltextservice/ct%7B06b9ee1beed594190674f1983457a7dd32af6a0d5a4c9892~23/da4c18ff8.gif.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=800>
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''LCST.PL''': conscious control of proximal flexors (cortex to spinal cord PL); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL|Posterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PL]]
 
* path '''LCST.PL''': conscious control of proximal flexors (cortex to spinal cord PL); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PL|Posterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PL]]
 
* path '''LCST.PM''': conscious control of axial flexors (cortex to spinal cord PM); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM|Posteromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PM]]
 
* path '''LCST.PM''': conscious control of axial flexors (cortex to spinal cord PM); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_PM|Posteromedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.PM]]
 
* path '''LCST.RPL''': conscious control of distal flexors (cortex to spinal cord RPL); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL|Retroposterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.RPL]]
 
* path '''LCST.RPL''': conscious control of distal flexors (cortex to spinal cord RPL); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_RPL|Retroposterolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.RPL]]
 +
----
 
==== RBST - rubrospinal tract ====
 
==== RBST - rubrospinal tract ====
Tract overview:
 
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract
 
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract
 
* function:mediation of voluntary movement, upper limbs; control of flexor tone
 
* function:mediation of voluntary movement, upper limbs; control of flexor tone
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<img src="http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/22B.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
 
<img src="http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/Images/22B.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
  
Tract path details:
+
'''Tract path details:'''
 
* path '''RBST.CR''': automatic control of flexors (cerebellum to red nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC)) -> [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]
 
* path '''RBST.CR''': automatic control of flexors (cerebellum to red nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC)) -> [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]
 
* path '''RBST.MC''': conscious modulation of automatic flexors activity (cortex to red nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]
 
* path '''RBST.MC''': conscious modulation of automatic flexors activity (cortex to red nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB,MG}: [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]

Revision as of 08:48, 6 August 2015

Biological Mind Tracts

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> MindTracts -> MindTractsDT

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This page is intended to describe set of descending tracts

Tract Details

(generated)

TRACT SET: Descending Tracts

unavailable


ATS - autonomic tracts system

  • external:
  • synonyms: descending autonomic fibers
  • function:directs activity of glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscle
  • generic path: {cortex, HT, AM, RF} -> {sympathetic and parasympathetic}



HTST - hypothalamospinal tract

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamospinal_tract
  • function:control autonomic components
  • notes: descend in dorsolateral funiculus; oculosympathetic pathway; next to superior cervical ganglion to common carotid - internal carotid - long ciliary nerves to pupillary dilator
  • generic path: {paraventrical nucleus of hypothalamus} -> {IML, sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons; ciliospinal center of IML (T1,T2)}

unavailable

Tract path details:


SSS - solitariospinal system

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_system
  • function:autonomic control of breathing
  • notes: respiratory, vomiting and micturition functions
  • generic path: {ventrolateral solitary nucleus, retroambiguus nucleus} -> {diaphragm}

unavailable



SSET - solitariospinal expiratory tract
  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_respiratory_group
  • function:facilitate expiratory motor neurons to intercostal muscles
  • notes: nucleus ambiguus - cranial division innervates muscles of the ipsilateral accessory muscles of respiration, principally via the vagus; nucleus retroambiguus - caudal division provides inspiratory and expiratory drive to the motor neurones of the intercostal muscles
  • generic path: {parabrachial nucleus to nucleus ambiguus, nucleus retroambiguus} -> {internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles}

unavailable

Tract path details:


SSIT - solitariospinal inpiratory tract
  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_respiratory_group
  • function:facilitate inspiratory motor neurons in phrenic nucleus
  • notes: neck muscles, external intercostal muscles - conscious forced inspiration; pneumotaxic center = medial parabrachial nucleus + kolliker-fuse nucleus, breathing frequency
  • generic path: {kolliker-fuse nucleus, receptors to solitary nucleus} -> {phrenic nucleus, inspiratory; diaphragm}

unavailable

Tract path details:


ESS - extensor somatic system

  • external:
  • function:control extensor muscles



ACST - anterior corticospinal tract

unavailable

Tract path details:


MLFS - medial longitudinal fasciculus system

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus
  • function:connects the cranial nerve nuclei III (oculomotor nerve), IV (trochlear nerve) and VI (abducens nerve) together, and integrates movements directed by the gaze centers (frontal eye field) and information about head movement (from cranial nerve VIII, vestibulocochlear nerve)
  • notes: connects together III, IV, and VI; integral component of saccadic eye movements as well as vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflexes; tectospinal and vestibulospinal
  • generic path: {vestibular nucleus} -> {}



TCST - tectospinal tract
  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectospinal_tract
  • function:mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to visual and auditory stimuli
  • notes: extrapyramidal; in response to bright and sudden movements and loud noises

unavailable

Tract path details:

  • path TCST.DEEP: coordinates head and eye movements; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to visual stimuli (from deep layers of the superior colliculus; projects to contralateral and ipsilateral portion of first cervical neuromeres of spinal cord, oculomotor and trochlear nuclei and abducens nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP -> Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN
  • path TCST.INT: coordinates head and eye movements; mediate reflex postural movements of head in response to auditory and somatosensory stimuli (from intermediate layers of the superior colliculus; projects to contralateral and ipsilateral portion of first cervical neuromeres of spinal cord, oculomotor and trochlear nuclei and abducens nucleus); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP -> Spinal Accessory Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.SAN

VST - vestibulospinal tract
  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulospinal_tract
  • function:alter muscle tone, extend, and change position of limbs and head with goal of supporting posture and maintaining balance of body and head; maintain balance and to stabilize the visual image on the retina during head movements
  • notes: extrapyramidal; proximal muscles, postural control; activates extensors, inhibits flexors; vestibular nuclei receive their primary input from the vestibular portion of C.N. VIII - vestibular-auditory

unavailable



LVST - lateral vestibulospinal tract
  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_vestibulospinal_tract
  • function:maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in legs
  • notes: also innervates muscles of the trunk, thus additionally aiding in body posture; lateral vestibular nuclei receive input from cerebellum
  • generic path: {lateral vestibular nucleus; additional input from superior and inferior vestibular nuclei} -> {extensor muscles of legs}

unavailable

Tract path details:

  • path LVST.PATH: maintain an upright and balanced posture by stimulating extensor motor neurons in legs (originating in lateral, superior, and inferior vestibular nuclei (primarily the lateral); projects ipsilaterally down to lumbar region of spinal cord); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-motor; A-beta-motor}, ENDINGS={MA,MB}: Lateral Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.LVBN -> Ventrolateral Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.VL

MVST - medial vestibulospinal tract
  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_vestibulospinal_tract
  • function:controls position of the head, neck, and eyes in response to changes in posture
  • notes: controlling lower motor neurons associated with the spinal accessory nerve - CN XI; additionally, projects superiorly to the paramedian pontine reticular formation, indirectly innervating the nuclei of CN VI and III
  • generic path: {medial vestibular nucleus} -> {spinal accessory nucleus, paramedian pontine reticular formation; found only in cervical spine and above}

unavailable

Tract path details:


RTSS - reticulospinal system

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulospinal_tract
  • function:locomotion and postural control
  • notes: extrapyramidal; proximal muscles, postural control; integrates information from the motor systems to coordinate automatic movements of locomotion and posture; facilitates and inhibits voluntary movement; influences muscle tone; mediates autonomic functions; modulates pain impulses; influences blood flow to lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

unavailable



MRST - medullary reticulospinal tract
  • external:
  • synonyms: lateral reticulospinal tract
  • function:inhibiting excitatory axial extensor muscles of movement
  • generic path: {Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus} -> {extensor muscles, all levels of spinal cord}

unavailable

Tract path details:


PRST - pontine reticulospinal tract
  • external:
  • synonyms: medial reticulospinal tract
  • function:exciting anti-gravity, extensor muscles; mediate postural adjustments in response to startling stimuli
  • generic path: {Pontine Reticular Formation } -> {extensor muscles, all levels of spinal cord}

unavailable

Tract path details:


FSS - flexor somatic system

  • external:
  • function:control flexor muscles



CBT - corticobulbar tract

unavailable

Tract path details:


LSTT - lateral corticospinal tract

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_corticospinal_tract
  • function:flexor motor, pyramidal tract, conscious; volitional skilled motor activity
  • notes: 90 percents of corticospinal fibers; 80 percents - contrallateral; 10 percents - unilateral; cervical-medial, thoracic, lumbar-lateral, distal muscles, decussating to contralateral and ipsilateral
  • generic path: {cortex BA 1-4,6} -> {muscle groups that require concentration and conscious thought to control; upper limb digits}

unavailable

Tract path details:


RBST - rubrospinal tract

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubrospinal_tract
  • function:mediation of voluntary movement, upper limbs; control of flexor tone
  • notes: extrapyramidal; activates flexors, inhibits extensors; pattern locomotion, inhibit reflex activity in spinal cord

unavailable

Tract path details: