Revision as of 03:18, 29 November 2018

Paraventricular Nucleus

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This page covers biological details of component Paraventricular Nucleus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

Top-down path to region: Forebrain Diencephalon -> Hypothalamus (FD.HT) -> Anterior Hypothalamus Area (LAC.FD.HT.AHT) -> Tuberal Area (LAC.FD.HT.TUB) -> Paraventricular Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PV) (see Mind Maps)
Type: nucleus
Brain area: Lower Brain - Autonomous Control Area
Role: processor.autonomic
Function: Regulate appetite and autonomic functions

(generated)

Components

(generated)

Component items:

Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Magnocellular Division
- Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Magnocellular Division - Anterior Magnocellular Part
- Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Magnocellular Division - Medial Magnocellular Part
- Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Magnocellular Division - Posterior Magnocellular Part
  - Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Magnocellular Division - Posterior Magnocellular Part Lateral Zone
  - Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Magnocellular Division - Posterior Magnocellular Part Medial Zone
Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Parvicellular Division
Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Descending Division
- Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Descending Division - Dorsal Parvicellular Part
- Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Descending Division - Forniceal Part
- Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Descending Division - Lateral Parvicellular Part
- Paraventricular Nucleus of Hypothalamus Descending Division - Medial Parvicellular Part, Ventral Zone

Connectivity

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LAC.FD.HT.PV.dot.png

Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
FAM	FAM.FT.AM.MPD	Medial Posterior Dorsal Amygdaloid Nucleus	inhibitory-gaba	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> HT.PV, abstract)
FMM	FMM.FT.HF.SUBD	Distal Subiculum	excitatory-glu	(unknown reference)
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.AR	Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus	excitatory-glu	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (ARC -> PA)
	LAC.FD.HT.DM	Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	excitatory-glu	Eating and sleeping to survive (DMH -> PVH)
	LAC.FD.HT.LTN	Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus	excitatory-glu	Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety (LHA -> PVN)
	LAC.FD.HT.MPO	Median Preoptic Nucleus	excitatory-glu	Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance (MPOA -> PA)
	LAC.FD.HT.SCN	Suprachiasmatic Nucleus	excitatory-glu	Food-entrainable circadian oscillator (SCN -> PVH)
	LAC.FD.HT.VM	Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus	excitatory-glu	Glucose-sensing neural network (VMH -> PVH)
LMC	LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	modulatory-da	Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)
LPC	LPC.HL.SOL	Solitary Nucleus	excitatory-glu	(unknown reference)

Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
LAC	LAC.SC.CC.DCN	Dorsal Commissural Nucleus	excitatory-glu	(unknown reference)
	LAC.SC.IZ.CSC	Ciliospinal Center	excitatory-glu	Effect of light on pupil diameter (PVN -> IML)
	LAC.SC.IZ.SPS	Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus	excitatory-glu	(unknown reference)
	LAC.SC.LH.LSN	Lateral Spinal Nucleus	excitatory-glu	(unknown reference)
LMC	LMC.HL.RP.MG	Raphe Magnus Nucleus	excitatory-glu	(unknown reference)
LPC	LPC.SC.VH.ONF	Onuf's Nucleus	excitatory-glu	(unknown reference)
NDM	NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS	Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex	excitatory-glu	Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (PVN -> OFC, abstract)
TEA	TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE	Endocrine Glands	endocrine-neurohypophysis-oxytocin	Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (HT.PV -> PUT)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety - see Reference (CP.SATIETY)

ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
NTS=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
VMH=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM

Effect of light on pupil diameter - see Reference (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX)

DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
EW=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN
EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE
GC=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
IML=Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
OPN=Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
RET=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCG=Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG
SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN

Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity - see Reference (CP.BOWELS)

AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see Basal Ganglia)
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
ME=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
NTS=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
VMN=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex - see Reference (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)

ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see Hypothalamus)
HT.PV=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
INS=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
PB=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PUT=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE
SOL=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH

Glucose-sensing neural network - see Reference (CP.GLUCOSE)

ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DMN=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
PVH=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
VMH=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM

Food-entrainable circadian oscillator - see Reference (CP.FOOD-OCSILLATOR)

DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
NTS=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PVH=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN

Eating and sleeping to survive - see Reference (CP.DMH-CYCLES)

ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
MPO=Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO
PVH=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN
VLPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
VMH=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM

Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract - see Reference (CM.ONUF)

CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
DVM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN
IMG=Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG
IML=Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
MPOA=Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO
NBM=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM
ONF=Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF
PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PEL=Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG
PU=Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SNC=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SPS=Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
ZI=Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI

Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance - see Reference (CL.INTRAHYPOTHALAMIC)

AH=Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH
ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DMN=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
MPOA=Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO
PA=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SCH=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN
SON=Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO
VMN=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM

References

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@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
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-* [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/images/dougherty/pdougherty4_3.jpg Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety] - see [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html Reference]
+* [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/images/dougherty/pdougherty4_3.jpg Schematic of hypothalamic circuitry underlying satiety] - see [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s4/chapter04.html Reference] (CP.SATIETY)
- map:
   ARC=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR|Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]]
   DMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
@@ Line 98: / Line 97: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6f1f0e26e147b046d3567a72e62038bb.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/31465/fnint-06-00094-r2/image_m/fnint-06-00094-g002.jpg Effect of light on pupil diameter] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Reference]
+* [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/31465/fnint-06-00094-r2/image_m/fnint-06-00094-g002.jpg Effect of light on pupil diameter] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Reference] (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX)
- map:
   DMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
   EW=[[BrainRegionLAC_MM_EWN|Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN]]
@@ Line 114: / Line 112: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1cde10342c1a8c5667b42d9df87c4f50.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/images/nrendo.2010.93-f1.jpg Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Reference]
+* [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/images/nrendo.2010.93-f1.jpg Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Reference] (CP.BOWELS)
- map:
   AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
   ARC=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR|Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]]
@@ Line 131: / Line 128: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1550acf4cfac7352ce9d8ba11a39c4e6.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference]
+* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)
- map:
   ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
   AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
@@ Line 149: / Line 145: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e212b5f27aa77f69673ce0cb4ce84428.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://dkqlgfb5sk2dk.cloudfront.net/content/ajpregu/302/2/R215/F1.large.jpg Glucose-sensing neural network] - see [http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/302/2/R215 Reference]
+* [http://dkqlgfb5sk2dk.cloudfront.net/content/ajpregu/302/2/R215/F1.large.jpg Glucose-sensing neural network] - see [http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/302/2/R215 Reference] (CP.GLUCOSE)
- map:
   ARC=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR|Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]]
   DMN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
@@ Line 159: / Line 154: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0cd27888f0cfd10857510d32768c3815.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.large.jpg Food-entrainable circadian oscillator] - see [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Reference]
+* [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.large.jpg Food-entrainable circadian oscillator] - see [http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12150/F7.expansion.html Reference] (CP.FOOD-OCSILLATOR)
- map:
   DMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
   LH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]]
@@ Line 170: / Line 164: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/8f1f58bb00bedda8aee035b59f4b1a61.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=300>
-* [http://www.dana.org/uploadedImages/Images/Content_Images/SenBodyFunc2_PR2007_cont.jpg Eating and sleeping to survive] - see [http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 Reference]
+* [http://www.dana.org/uploadedImages/Images/Content_Images/SenBodyFunc2_PR2007_cont.jpg Eating and sleeping to survive] - see [http://www.dana.org/Publications/ReportDetails.aspx?id=44217 Reference] (CP.DMH-CYCLES)
- map:
   ARC=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR|Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]]
   DMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
@@ Line 183: / Line 176: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/aaf05c2cb0453d5f112754ade7c03956.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference]
+* [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference] (CM.ONUF)
- map:
   CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
   DVM=[[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN|Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN]]
@@ Line 205: / Line 197: @@
 <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b3238c9c6efdcfa004931bec8815fc0b.jpeg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/intrahypothalamic.png Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance] - see [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Reference]
+* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/intrahypothalamic.png Intrahypothalamic connections important for neural control of food intake and energy balance] - see [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.122.2314rep=rep1type=pdf Reference] (CL.INTRAHYPOTHALAMIC)
- map:
   AH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH|Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH]]
   ARC=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR|Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]]

Difference between revisions of "BrainRegionLAC FD HT PV"

Revision as of 03:18, 29 November 2018

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Connectivity

Thirdparty Circuits

References

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