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Biological Mind Tracts

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This page is intended to describe set of ascending tracts

Tract Details

(generated)

TRACT SET: Ascending Tracts

ALS - anterolateral system

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system
function:conveys pain, temperature (protopathic sensation), and crude touch from the periphery to the brain

SLS - spinolimbic system

external:
function:connect spinal cord with limbic structures

SHTT - spinohypothalamic tract

external: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771
function:provide nociceptive information to a variety of nuclei throughout the diencephalon and brainstem bilaterally
comments: nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles
notes to function:
- nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles
generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {hypothalamus}

Tract path details:

path SHT.HT.AHT: affect appetite, autonomic and homeostatic functions, and related motivational and affective responses to autonomic function (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN -> Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH
path SHT.HT.DM: affect blood pressure, heart rate (pain fibers to dorsomedial nucleus) - Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN -> Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
path SHT.HT.LT: affect thirst and hunger (pain fibers to lateral nucleus) - Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN -> Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.LTN), Supramammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.SUM), Tuberomammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.TBM), Premammillary Nucleus (LAC.FD.HT.PRM))
path SHT.HT.SCN: affect 24-hour rhythms (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN -> Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN
path SHT.HT.SO: affect blood volume or blood pressure (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN -> Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO
path SHT.LLSN: lower pain, temperature for ANS (lower pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN
path SHT.ULSN: upper pain, temperature for ANS (upper pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN

SMST - spinomesencephalic tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray
function:ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG
generic path: {MG nucleus} -> {PAG, MRF}

Tract path details:

path SMT.LPAG: initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG -> Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
path SMT.UPAG: initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG -> Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG

SST - spinosolitary tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract
function:central transmission of visceronoceptive messages
comments: visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input
notes to function:
- visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input
generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {solitary nucleus}

Tract path details:

path SST: autonomic regulation of of stress response to painful visceral stimuli (pain fibers to solitary nucleus to parabrachial nucleus) - Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN -> Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL -> Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
path SST.LLSN: pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN
path SST.ULSN: pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN

SRS - spinoreticular system

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract
function:automatic responses to pain

SMRT - spinomedulloreticular tract

external:
function:automatic responses to pain
generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}

Tract path details:

path SRT.MEDL: lower automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (lower viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM -> Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED
path SRT.MEDU: upper automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (upper viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM -> Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED

SPRT - spinopontoreticular tract

external:
function:automatic responses to pain
generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}

Tract path details:

path SRT.LVA: exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (lower crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED (Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA
path SRT.UVA: exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (upper crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED (Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA

STCT - spinotectal tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract
function:spinovisual reflexes; head/eye movement toward stimulus source
comments: arises in the anterolateral column
notes to function:
- arises in the anterolateral column
generic path: {free nerve endings; crude touch, temperature, pain} -> {inferior and superior colliculi}

Tract path details:

path STCT: Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli (crude touch to nucleus proprius to superior colliculus) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP -> Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP

STS - spinothalamic system

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract
function:transmits pain mainly from the peripheral slow-chronic type C pain fibers; transmits information to thalamus about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch
comments: conscious; cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices
notes to function:
- conscious
- cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices

ASTT - anterior spinothalamic tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract
synonyms: paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract
function:pain, temperature, light touch (tactile sensibility), two-point discrimination, stereognosis
generic path: {skin - slow pain, temperature, slightly tactile} -> {BA 3,1,2}

Tract path details:

path ASTTL: lower slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG -> Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL -> Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
path ASTTU: upper slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG -> Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL -> Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1

LSTT - lateral spinothalamic tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract
synonyms: neospinothalamic tract
function:pain, temperature
generic path: {body pain, temperature, crude touch} -> {BA 3,1,2}

Tract path details:

path LSTT.MD: lower body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe) - Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
path LSTT.UMD: upper body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe) - Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
path LSTTL: lower body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG
path LSTTL.VPI: lower body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula) - Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG -> Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI -> Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC
path LSTTU: upper body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG
path LSTTU.VPI: upper body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula) - Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG -> Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI -> Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC

TTS - trigeminothalamic system

external: http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html
function:all somatosensory submodalities from head

ATTT - anterior trigeminothalamic tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract
synonyms: ventral trigeminothalamic tract
function:awareness of the exact location of the painful stimulus; pain, temperature, and crude touch pathway
generic path: {face, head and neck} -> {SI - BA 1,2}

Tract path details:

path TTT.GNG: nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves VII to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - Geniculate Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.GNG -> Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR
path TTT.JUG: nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves IX,X to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG -> Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR
path TTT.NOD: nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves X to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - Nodose Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.NOD -> Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR
path TTT.TRG: nociceptors (head, face and intraoral structures nociceptors to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG -> Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR
path TTT.VPM: nociceptors (spinal trigeminal nucleus to S1) - Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR -> Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM -> Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1

DTTT - dorsal trigeminal tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract
synonyms: dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus
function:immediate awareness of a painful sensation; pressure and tactile discrimination sensation
generic path: {head MC,PC} -> {SII - BA 40,43}

Tract path details:

path DTT: face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex) - Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG -> Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR
path DTT.MD: pain, temperature for reward (marginal nucleus to frontal lobe) - Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
path DTT.PF: face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex) - Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR -> Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.PF -> Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC
path DTT.VPI: pain, temperature for emotion (marginal nucleus to insula) - Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR -> Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI -> Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC

MLS - medial lemniscus system

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus
function:transmits touch, vibration sense, proprioception data

PCS - posterior column system

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway
synonyms: dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon
function:two point discrimination (fine touch, fine pressure - MC), pressure (deep receptors - PC), vibration (PC), conscious proprioception (MS)
comments: alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious; discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively
notes to function:
- alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious
- discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively

FCT - fasciculus cuneatus tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus
synonyms: tract of Burdach
function:upper body well-localized discriminative proprioception, fine touch
comments: muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes); thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
notes to function:
- muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes)
- thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
generic path: {upper trunk, forelimb deep structures and skin} -> {neocortex BA 3b, lateral}

Tract path details:

path PCT.CUL: conscious sensations of neck, trunk, and extremities (neck (C4), trunk (T1-T6), and extremities - arms (C5-T2) to S1 lateral) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU -> Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL -> Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
path PCT.CUM: conscious sensations of head (geniohyoid (C1), head top (C2), head back above neck (C3) to S1 medial) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU -> Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM -> Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1

FGT - fasciculus gracilis tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus
synonyms: tract of Goll
function:lower body well-localized discriminative fine touch
comments: sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices; mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)
notes to function:
- sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices
- mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)
generic path: {lower body, muscle afferents} -> {somatosensory cortex}

Tract path details:

path PCT.GRL: epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from lower body (receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX to neocortex BA 3b, medial) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR -> Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL -> Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1

SCVT - spinocervical tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway
synonyms: Morin's tract
function:static position, Ruffini endings
comments: thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
notes to function:
- thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
generic path: {receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX} -> {somatosensory cortex}

Tract path details:

path SCVT: tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP -> Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV
path SCVT.PAG: alerts about presence of cutaneous stimuli that might represent danger, necessitating flight (cutaneous stimuli to PAG) - Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV -> Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
path SCVT.VPL: four-neuron, fast-conducting, tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1) - Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV -> Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL -> Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1

SCS - spinocerebellar system

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract
function:spinal cord to cerebellum

DSCS - direct spinocerebellar system

external:
function:spinal cord nuclei to cerebellum
comments: lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts; upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract
notes to function:
- lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts
- upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract

CSCT - cuneocerebellar tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers
function:relay information about limb position and movement to the cerebellum
comments: upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract
notes to function:
- upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract
generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, vermis and paravermis of the ipsilateral posterior lobe}

Tract path details:

path CSCT: proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (upper limb muscles to accessory cuneate nucleus to cerebellum) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Accessory Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.ACU -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM))

DSCT - dorsal spinocerebellar tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract
synonyms: posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract
function:conveys proprioceptive information from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles and joints to the cerebellum
comments: ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information
notes to function:
- ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information
generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors, cutaneous receptors, lower limbs, below L3} -> {cerebellum, mainly ipsilateral anterior lobe}

Tract path details:

path DSCTL: proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
path DSCTU: proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM))

RSCT - rostral spinocerebellar tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract
function:transmits information from the golgi tendon organs of the cranial half of the body to the cerebellum
comments: upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract
notes to function:
- upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract
generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, anterior lobe}

Tract path details:

path RSCT: proprioceptive information (upper limb muscles to centrobasalis nucleus to cerebellum) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM))

VSCT - ventral spinocerebellar tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract
synonyms: anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract
function:conveys information about postural stability of the lower limbs to cerebellum
comments: bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration; from nucleus proprius
notes to function:
- bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration
- from nucleus proprius
generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, trunk, C8-L3} -> {cerebellum}

Tract path details:

path VSCTL: proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum) - Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG -> Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
path VSCTU: proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM))

SMTS - spinometencephalic system

external:
function:spinal cord to intermediate nucleus to cerebellum

SOT - spinoolivary tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract
synonyms: Helwegs tract
function:automatic movements of head, neck and upper limb
generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}

Tract path details:

path SOT.CCV: cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV -> Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
path SOT.NPR: proprioception to cerebellum (muscle spindles and Golgi tendons to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP -> Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM))

SVT - spinovestibular tract

external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract
function:information from cutaneous and proprioceptive organs to CR
generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}

Tract path details:

path SVT.CCV: cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to vestibular nucleus to cerebellum; C1-C4) - Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG -> Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV -> Inferior Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.IVBN -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe (LRC.HT.CR.FN), Cerebellar Lateral Lobe (LLC.HT.CR.CC), Cerebellar Paravermis (LLC.HT.CR.PV), Cerebellar Vermis (LRC.HT.CR.VM))

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 <pre style="color: green">Biological Mind Tracts</pre>
 [[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[MindTracts]] -> [[MindTractsAT]]
@@ Line 15: / Line 14: @@
 TRACT SET: '''Ascending Tracts'''
-<img src="http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/internal/anatomy/classes_stud/en/med/lik/ptn/1/19%20SPINAL%20CORD.%20BASE%20OF%20THE%20BRAIN.files/image044.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/f791ced097cf2f3c858cd7264ff0ca93.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-=== anterolateral system (ALS)
-Tract overview:
+----
+=== ALS - anterolateral system ===
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system
 * function:conveys pain, temperature (protopathic sensation), and crude touch from the periphery to the brain
-==== paleospinothalamic system (PSTS)
+----
-Tract overview:
+==== SLS - spinolimbic system ====
-* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract
+* external:
-* function:transmits pain mainly from the peripheral slow-chronic type C pain fibers; transmits information to thalamus about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch
-* notes: conscious; cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices
-===== anterior spinothalamic tract (ASTT)
-Tract overview:
-* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract
-* synonyms: anterolateral tract
-* function:pain, temperature, light touch (tactile sensibility), two-point discrimination, stereognosis
-* generic path: {skin - slow pain, temperature, slightly tactile} -> {BA 3,1,2}
-<img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026104445_18586.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-Tract path details:
-* path '''ASTTL''': lower slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
-* path '''ASTTU''': upper slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
-===== lateral spinothalamic tract (LSTT)
-Tract overview:
-* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract
-* function:pain, temperature
-* generic path: {body pain, temperature, crude touch} -> {BA 3,1,2}
-<img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026104420_26275.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-Tract path details:
-* path '''LSTT.MD''': lower body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
-* path '''LSTT.UMD''': upper body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
-* path '''LSTTL''': lower body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]]
-* path '''LSTTL.VPI''': lower body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
-* path '''LSTTU''': upper body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]]
-* path '''LSTTU.VPI''': upper body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
-===== tract of Lissauer (LST)
-Tract overview:
-* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterolateral_tract
-* synonyms: fasciculus of Lissauer, tract/zone of Lissauer, dorsolateral fasciculus, posterolateract tract, dorsolateral tract
-* function:fast pain; intraspinal, discriminative pain and temperature information - location, intensity and quality
-* notes: pain duration equals to stimulus duration; joins spinothalamic tract
-* generic path: {A-delta pain fibers} -> {to neocortex BA 3b}
-Tract path details:
-* path '''DLF.VPL''': from medial LSN; joins fasciculus gracilis; initial sharp localization of pain (lower body to neocortex BA 3b); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_GR|Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
-* path '''DLF.VPM''': from lateral LSN; joins fasciculus cuneatus; initial sharp localization of pain (upper body to neocortex BA 3b); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
-* path '''DLFL''': lower autonomic and homeostatic functions, initial sharp localization of pain (lower body to hypothalamus and neocortex); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
-* path '''DLFU''': upper autonomic and homeostatic functions, initial sharp localization of pain (upper body to hypothalamus and neocortex); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
-==== spinolimbic system (SLS)
-Tract overview:
-* external:
 * function:connect spinal cord with limbic structures
-===== spinohypothalamic tract (SHTT)
+----
-Tract overview:
+===== SHTT - spinohypothalamic tract =====
 * external: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771
 * function:provide nociceptive information to a variety of nuclei throughout the diencephalon and brainstem bilaterally
-* notes: nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles
+* comments: nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles
+* notes to function:
+** nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles
 * generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {hypothalamus}
-<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/spinohypothalamic-tract.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
-Tract path details:
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/cce96eff8b86234ebfb83421465ecb7d.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
-* path '''SHT.HT.AHT''': affect appetite, autonomic and homeostatic functions, and related motivational and affective responses to autonomic function (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH|Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH]]
-* path '''SHT.HT.DM''': affect blood pressure, heart rate (pain fibers to dorsomedial nucleus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
-* path '''SHT.HT.LT''': affect thirst and hunger (pain fibers to lateral nucleus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT ([[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.TBM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|Premammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PRM))
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''SHT.HT.SCN''': affect 24-hour rhythms (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]]
+* path '''SHT.HT.AHT''': affect appetite, autonomic and homeostatic functions, and related motivational and affective responses to autonomic function (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH|Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH]]
-* path '''SHT.HT.SO''': affect blood volume or blood pressure  (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO|Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO]]
+* path '''SHT.HT.DM''': affect blood pressure, heart rate (pain fibers to dorsomedial nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
-* path '''SHT.LLSN''': lower pain, temperature for ANS (lower pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+* path '''SHT.HT.LT''': affect thirst and hunger (pain fibers to lateral nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT ([[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.TBM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|Premammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PRM))
-* path '''SHT.ULSN''': upper pain, temperature for ANS (upper pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+* path '''SHT.HT.SCN''': affect 24-hour rhythms (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]]
-===== spinomesencephalic tract (SMST)
+* path '''SHT.HT.SO''': affect blood volume or blood pressure  (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO|Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO]]
-Tract overview:
+* path '''SHT.LLSN''': lower pain, temperature for ANS (lower pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+* path '''SHT.ULSN''': upper pain, temperature for ANS (upper pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+----
+===== SMST - spinomesencephalic tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray
 * function:ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG
 * generic path: {MG nucleus} -> {PAG, MRF}
-<img src="http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/BOOKS/Principles%20of%20Neural%20Science%20-%20Kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/fulltextservice/ct%7B06b9ee1beed594190674f1983457a7dd32af6a0d5a4c9892~28/da5c22ff14.gif.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=800>
-Tract path details:
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6f353d9821ba106f11ff8fb31c5fc2c5.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
-* path '''SMT.LPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
-* path '''SMT.UPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
-===== spinosolitary tract (SST)
+'''Tract path details:'''
-Tract overview:
+* path '''SMT.LPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
+* path '''SMT.UPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
+----
+===== SST - spinosolitary tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract
 * function:central transmission of visceronoceptive messages
-* notes: visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input
+* comments: visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input
+* notes to function:
+** visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input
 * generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {solitary nucleus}
-Tract path details:
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''SST''': autonomic regulation of of stress response to painful visceral stimuli (pain fibers to solitary nucleus to parabrachial nucleus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
+* path '''SST''': autonomic regulation of of stress response to painful visceral stimuli (pain fibers to solitary nucleus to parabrachial nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
-* path '''SST.LLSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+* path '''SST.LLSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
-* path '''SST.ULSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+* path '''SST.ULSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
-==== spinoreticular system (SRS)
-Tract overview:
+----
+==== SRS - spinoreticular system ====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract
 * function:automatic responses to pain
-===== spinomedulloreticular tract (SMRT)
+----
-Tract overview:
+===== SMRT - spinomedulloreticular tract =====
 * external:
 * function:automatic responses to pain
 * generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}
-<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3619.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
-Tract path details:
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0d7e3e1122c3bedc43ed47d7d9f250c8.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
-* path '''SRT.MEDL''': lower automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (lower viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]
-* path '''SRT.MEDU''': upper automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (upper viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]
-===== spinopontoreticular tract (SPRT)
+'''Tract path details:'''
-Tract overview:
+* path '''SRT.MEDL''': lower automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (lower viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]
-* external:
+* path '''SRT.MEDU''': upper automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (upper viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]
+----
+===== SPRT - spinopontoreticular tract =====
+* external:
 * function:automatic responses to pain
 * generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}
-<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3619.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
-Tract path details:
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0d7e3e1122c3bedc43ed47d7d9f250c8.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
-* path '''SRT.LVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (lower crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SPC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
-* path '''SRT.UVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (upper crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SPC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
-===== spinotectal tract (STCT)
+'''Tract path details:'''
-Tract overview:
+* path '''SRT.LVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (lower crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
+* path '''SRT.UVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (upper crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
+----
+===== STCT - spinotectal tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract
 * function:spinovisual reflexes; head/eye movement toward stimulus source
-* notes: arises in the anterolateral column
+* comments: arises in the anterolateral column
+* notes to function:
+** arises in the anterolateral column
 * generic path: {free nerve endings; crude touch, temperature, pain} -> {inferior and superior colliculi}
-Tract path details:
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''STCT''': Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli (crude touch to nucleus proprius to superior colliculus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]]
+* path '''STCT''': Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli (crude touch to nucleus proprius to superior colliculus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]]
-==== trigeminothalamic system (TTS)
-Tract overview:
-* external: http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html
+----
+==== STS - spinothalamic system ====
+* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract
+* function:transmits pain mainly from the peripheral slow-chronic type C pain fibers; transmits information to thalamus about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch
+* comments: conscious; cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices
+* notes to function:
+** conscious
+**  cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices
+----
+===== ASTT - anterior spinothalamic tract =====
+* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract
+* synonyms: paleospinothalamic anterolateral tract
+* function:pain, temperature, light touch (tactile sensibility), two-point discrimination, stereognosis
+* generic path: {skin - slow pain, temperature, slightly tactile} -> {BA 3,1,2}
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/74184e9441158f8891170016e092506e.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+'''Tract path details:'''
+* path '''ASTTL''': lower slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
+* path '''ASTTU''': upper slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
+----
+===== LSTT - lateral spinothalamic tract =====
+* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract
 * synonyms: neospinothalamic tract
+* function:pain, temperature
+* generic path: {body pain, temperature, crude touch} -> {BA 3,1,2}
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/90b974e21d6b8347067b4c807f5db038.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+'''Tract path details:'''
+* path '''LSTT.MD''': lower body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
+* path '''LSTT.UMD''': upper body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
+* path '''LSTTL''': lower body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]]
+* path '''LSTTL.VPI''': lower body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
+* path '''LSTTU''': upper body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]]
+* path '''LSTTU.VPI''': upper body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
+----
+==== TTS - trigeminothalamic system ====
+* external: http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html
 * function:all somatosensory submodalities from head
-<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F37.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/17624ff27778a1ae6603674dfce88422.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>
-===== anterior trigeminothalamic tract (ATTT)
-Tract overview:
+----
+===== ATTT - anterior trigeminothalamic tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract
 * synonyms: ventral trigeminothalamic tract
@@ Line 161: / Line 187: @@
 * generic path: {face, head and neck} -> {SI - BA 1,2}
-Tract path details:
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''TTT.GNG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves VII to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_GNG|Geniculate Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.GNG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
+* path '''TTT.GNG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves VII to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_GNG|Geniculate Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.GNG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
-* path '''TTT.JUG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves IX,X to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG|Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
+* path '''TTT.JUG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves IX,X to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG|Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
-* path '''TTT.NOD''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves X to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_NOD|Nodose Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.NOD]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
+* path '''TTT.NOD''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves X to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_NOD|Nodose Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.NOD]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
-* path '''TTT.TRG''': nociceptors (head, face and intraoral structures nociceptors to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
+* path '''TTT.TRG''': nociceptors (head, face and intraoral structures nociceptors to spinal trigeminal nucleus) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
-* path '''TTT.VPM''': nociceptors (spinal trigeminal nucleus to S1); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+* path '''TTT.VPM''': nociceptors (spinal trigeminal nucleus to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
-===== dorsal trigeminal tract (DTTT)
-Tract overview:
+----
+===== DTTT - dorsal trigeminal tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract
 * synonyms: dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus
@@ Line 174: / Line 202: @@
 * generic path: {head MC,PC} -> {SII - BA 40,43}
-Tract path details:
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''DTT''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]]
+* path '''DTT''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]]
-* path '''DTT.MD''': pain, temperature for reward (marginal nucleus to frontal lobe); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
+* path '''DTT.MD''': pain, temperature for reward (marginal nucleus to frontal lobe) - [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
-* path '''DTT.PF''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_PF|Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.PF]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NSA.NC.PO.PCC]]
+* path '''DTT.PF''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex) - [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_PF|Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.PF]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC]]
-* path '''DTT.VPI''': pain, temperature for emotion (marginal nucleus to insula); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
+* path '''DTT.VPI''': pain, temperature for emotion (marginal nucleus to insula) - [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
-=== medial lemniscus system (MLS)
-Tract overview:
+----
+=== MLS - medial lemniscus system ===
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus
 * function:transmits touch, vibration sense, proprioception data
-<img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026104327_66852.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/46715f2522fd2d9c07aece3795385bd5.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-==== posterior column system (PCS)
-Tract overview:
+----
+==== PCS - posterior column system ====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway
 * synonyms: dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon
 * function:two point discrimination (fine touch, fine pressure - MC), pressure (deep receptors - PC), vibration (PC), conscious proprioception (MS)
-* notes: alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious; discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively
+* comments: alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious; discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively
-<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp1499.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>
+* notes to function:
+** alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious
+**  discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/68be391f7889b086054af242f56291d5.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>
-===== fasciculus cuneatus tract (FCT)
-Tract overview:
+----
+===== FCT - fasciculus cuneatus tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus
 * synonyms: tract of Burdach
 * function:upper body well-localized discriminative proprioception, fine touch
-* notes: muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes); thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
+* comments: muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes); thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
+* notes to function:
+** muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes)
+**  thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
 * generic path: {upper trunk, forelimb deep structures and skin} -> {neocortex BA 3b, lateral}
-Tract path details:
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''PCT.CUL''': conscious sensations of neck, trunk, and extremities (neck (C4), trunk (T1-T6), and extremities - arms (C5-T2) to S1 lateral); FIBERS={A-beta}, ENDINGS={SMC,SPC,SHF}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+* path '''PCT.CUL''': conscious sensations of neck, trunk, and extremities (neck (C4), trunk (T1-T6), and extremities - arms (C5-T2) to S1 lateral) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
-* path '''PCT.CUM''': conscious sensations of head (geniohyoid (C1), head top (C2), head back above neck (C3) to S1 medial); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SMC,SPC,SHF}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+* path '''PCT.CUM''': conscious sensations of head (geniohyoid (C1), head top (C2), head back above neck (C3) to S1 medial) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
-===== fasciculus gracilis tract (FGT)
-Tract overview:
+----
+===== FGT - fasciculus gracilis tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus
 * synonyms: tract of Goll
 * function:lower body well-localized discriminative fine touch
-* notes: sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices; mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)
+* comments: sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices; mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)
+* notes to function:
+** sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices
+**  mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)
 * generic path: {lower body, muscle afferents} -> {somatosensory cortex}
-Tract path details:
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''PCT.GRL''': epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from lower body (receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX to neocortex BA 3b, medial); FIBERS={A-beta}, ENDINGS={SMS,SPC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_GR|Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+* path '''PCT.GRL''': epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from lower body (receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX to neocortex BA 3b, medial) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_GR|Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
-==== spinocervical tract (SCVT)
-Tract overview:
+----
+==== SCVT - spinocervical tract ====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway
 * synonyms: Morin's tract
 * function:static position, Ruffini endings
-* notes: thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
+* comments: thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
+* notes to function:
+** thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
 * generic path: {receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX} -> {somatosensory cortex}
-<img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026103923_13924.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-Tract path details:
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/9c1b128a3765e88657e80ff6af9b80aa.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* path '''SCVT''': tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1); FIBERS={A-alpha; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SRC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]]
-* path '''SCVT.PAG''': alerts about presence of cutaneous stimuli that might represent danger, necessitating flight (cutaneous stimuli to PAG); FIBERS={A-alpha; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SRC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
-* path '''SCVT.VPL''': four-neuron, fast-conducting, tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1); FIBERS={A-alpha; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SRC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+'''Tract path details:'''
-=== spinocerebellar system (SCS)
+* path '''SCVT''': tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]]
-Tract overview:
+* path '''SCVT.PAG''': alerts about presence of cutaneous stimuli that might represent danger, necessitating flight (cutaneous stimuli to PAG) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
+* path '''SCVT.VPL''': four-neuron, fast-conducting, tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1) - [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
+----
+=== SCS - spinocerebellar system ===
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract
 * function:spinal cord to cerebellum
-==== direct spinocerebellar system (DSCS)
+----
-Tract overview:
+==== DSCS - direct spinocerebellar system ====
 * external:
 * function:spinal cord nuclei to cerebellum
-* notes: lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts; upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract
+* comments: lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts; upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract
-<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/spinocerebellar-tracts.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
+* notes to function:
+** lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts
+**  upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/bf2857e9acad7f548fbdffaad851c7d4.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
-===== cuneocerebellar tract (CSCT)
-Tract overview:
+----
+===== CSCT - cuneocerebellar tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers
 * function:relay information about limb position and movement to the cerebellum
-* notes: upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract
+* comments: upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract
+* notes to function:
+** upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract
 * generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, vermis and paravermis of the ipsilateral posterior lobe}
-<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp14100_thumb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-Tract path details:
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7a94b6ad78db3e8ea0f26d97d1d8af46.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* path '''CSCT''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (upper limb muscles to accessory cuneate nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT,SRC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_ACU|Accessory Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.ACU]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
-===== dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT)
-Tract overview:
+'''Tract path details:'''
+* path '''CSCT''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (upper limb muscles to accessory cuneate nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_ACU|Accessory Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.ACU]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
+----
+===== DSCT - dorsal spinocerebellar tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract
 * synonyms: posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract
 * function:conveys proprioceptive information from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles and joints to the cerebellum
-* notes: ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information
+* comments: ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information
+* notes to function:
+** ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information
 * generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors, cutaneous receptors, lower limbs, below L3} -> {cerebellum, mainly ipsilateral anterior lobe}
-Tract path details:
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''DSCTL''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT,SRC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+* path '''DSCTL''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
-* path '''DSCTU''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT,SRC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+* path '''DSCTU''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
-===== rostral spinocerebellar tract (RSCT)
-Tract overview:
+----
+===== RSCT - rostral spinocerebellar tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract
 * function:transmits information from the golgi tendon organs of the cranial half of the body to the cerebellum
-* notes: upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract
+* comments: upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract
+* notes to function:
+** upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract
 * generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, anterior lobe}
-<img src="http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/74/flashcards/874074/png/ventral:rostral_spinocerebellar_tracts1323673590697.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-Tract path details:
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/a6dd788dc0b0d529ea448c19b668a2f7.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* path '''RSCT''': proprioceptive information (upper limb muscles to centrobasalis nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SGT}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LLC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
-===== ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT)
-Tract overview:
+'''Tract path details:'''
+* path '''RSCT''': proprioceptive information (upper limb muscles to centrobasalis nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
+----
+===== VSCT - ventral spinocerebellar tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract
 * synonyms: anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract
 * function:conveys information about postural stability of the lower limbs to cerebellum
-* notes: bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration; from nucleus proprius
+* comments: bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration; from nucleus proprius
+* notes to function:
+** bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration
+**  from nucleus proprius
 * generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, trunk, C8-L3} -> {cerebellum}
-<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp14101_thumb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
-Tract path details:
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/bcbea68113ab08de2ccbcadaa7e3900c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
-* path '''VSCTL''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
-* path '''VSCTU''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
-==== spinometencephalic system (SMTS)
+'''Tract path details:'''
-Tract overview:
+* path '''VSCTL''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
-* external:
+* path '''VSCTU''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
+----
+==== SMTS - spinometencephalic system ====
+* external:
 * function:spinal cord to intermediate nucleus to cerebellum
-<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F109.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0b74c18570d5ccd17189e512ae8fc18a.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
-===== spinoolivary tract (SOT)
-Tract overview:
+----
+===== SOT - spinoolivary tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract
 * synonyms: Helwegs tract
@@ Line 300: / Line 383: @@
 * generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}
-Tract path details:
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''SOT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LLC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+* path '''SOT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
-* path '''SOT.NPR''': proprioception to cerebellum (muscle spindles and Golgi tendons to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SGT,SMS}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+* path '''SOT.NPR''': proprioception to cerebellum (muscle spindles and Golgi tendons to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))
-===== spinovestibular tract (SVT)
-Tract overview:
+----
+===== SVT - spinovestibular tract =====
 * external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract
 * function:information from cutaneous and proprioceptive organs to CR
 * generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}
-Tract path details:
+'''Tract path details:'''
-* path '''SVT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to vestibular nucleus to cerebellum; C1-C4); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LLC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_IVBN|Inferior Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.IVBN]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+* path '''SVT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to vestibular nucleus to cerebellum; C1-C4) - [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_IVBN|Inferior Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.IVBN]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FN|Cerebellar Flocconodular Lobe]] (LRC.HT.CR.FN), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis]] (LLC.HT.CR.PV), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis]] (LRC.HT.CR.VM))

Difference between revisions of "MindTractsAT"

Latest revision as of 16:41, 13 April 2019

Contents

Tract Details

ALS - anterolateral system

SLS - spinolimbic system

SHTT - spinohypothalamic tract

SMST - spinomesencephalic tract

SST - spinosolitary tract

SRS - spinoreticular system

SMRT - spinomedulloreticular tract

SPRT - spinopontoreticular tract

STCT - spinotectal tract

STS - spinothalamic system

ASTT - anterior spinothalamic tract

LSTT - lateral spinothalamic tract

TTS - trigeminothalamic system

ATTT - anterior trigeminothalamic tract

DTTT - dorsal trigeminal tract

MLS - medial lemniscus system

PCS - posterior column system

FCT - fasciculus cuneatus tract

FGT - fasciculus gracilis tract

SCVT - spinocervical tract

SCS - spinocerebellar system

DSCS - direct spinocerebellar system

CSCT - cuneocerebellar tract

DSCT - dorsal spinocerebellar tract

RSCT - rostral spinocerebellar tract

VSCT - ventral spinocerebellar tract

SMTS - spinometencephalic system

SOT - spinoolivary tract

SVT - spinovestibular tract

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