Difference between revisions of "MindTractsAT"

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<img src="http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/internal/anatomy/classes_stud/en/med/lik/ptn/1/19%20SPINAL%20CORD.%20BASE%20OF%20THE%20BRAIN.files/image044.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
<img src="http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/kafedra/internal/anatomy/classes_stud/en/med/lik/ptn/1/19%20SPINAL%20CORD.%20BASE%20OF%20THE%20BRAIN.files/image044.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system TRACT ALS]: '''anterolateral system'''; conveys pain, temperature (protopathic sensation), and crude touch from the periphery to the brain
+
=== anterolateral system (ALS)
−
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract TRACT PSTS]: '''paleospinothalamic system'''; transmits pain mainly from the peripheral slow-chronic type C pain fibers; transmits information to thalamus about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch (conscious; cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices)
+
Tract overview:
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract TRACT ASTT]: '''anterior spinothalamic tract''' (anterolateral tract); pain, temperature, light touch (tactile sensibility), two-point discrimination, stereognosis; path: {skin - slow pain, temperature, slightly tactile} -> {BA 3,1,2}
+
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterolateral_system
−
*** <img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026104445_18586.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
* function:conveys pain, temperature (protopathic sensation), and crude touch from the periphery to the brain
−
*** path '''ASTTL''': lower slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+
 
−
*** path '''ASTTU''': upper slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+
 
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract TRACT LSTT]: '''lateral spinothalamic tract'''; pain, temperature; path: {body pain, temperature, crude touch} -> {BA 3,1,2}
+
==== paleospinothalamic system (PSTS)
−
*** <img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026104420_26275.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
Tract overview:
−
*** path '''LSTT.MD''': lower body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
+
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract
−
*** path '''LSTT.UMD''': upper body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
+
* function:transmits pain mainly from the peripheral slow-chronic type C pain fibers; transmits information to thalamus about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch
−
*** path '''LSTTL''': lower body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]]
+
* notes: conscious; cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices
−
*** path '''LSTTL.VPI''': lower body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
+
 
−
*** path '''LSTTU''': upper body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]]
+
 
−
*** path '''LSTTU.VPI''': upper body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
+
===== anterior spinothalamic tract (ASTT)
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterolateral_tract TRACT LST]: '''tract of Lissauer''' (fasciculus of Lissauer, tract/zone of Lissauer, dorsolateral fasciculus, posterolateract tract, dorsolateral tract); fast pain; intraspinal, discriminative pain and temperature information - location, intensity and quality (pain duration equals to stimulus duration; joins spinothalamic tract); path: {A-delta pain fibers} -> {to neocortex BA 3b}
+
Tract overview:
−
*** path '''DLF.VPL''': from medial LSN; joins fasciculus gracilis; initial sharp localization of pain (lower body to neocortex BA 3b); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_GR|Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_spinothalamic_tract
−
*** path '''DLF.VPM''': from lateral LSN; joins fasciculus cuneatus; initial sharp localization of pain (upper body to neocortex BA 3b); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+
* synonyms: anterolateral tract
−
*** path '''DLFL''': lower autonomic and homeostatic functions, initial sharp localization of pain (lower body to hypothalamus and neocortex); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+
* function:pain, temperature, light touch (tactile sensibility), two-point discrimination, stereognosis
−
*** path '''DLFU''': upper autonomic and homeostatic functions, initial sharp localization of pain (upper body to hypothalamus and neocortex); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+
* generic path: {skin - slow pain, temperature, slightly tactile} -> {BA 3,1,2}
−
* TRACT SLS: '''spinolimbic system'''; connect spinal cord with limbic structures
+
<img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026104445_18586.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
−
** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771 TRACT SHTT]: '''spinohypothalamic tract'''; provide nociceptive information to a variety of nuclei throughout the diencephalon and brainstem bilaterally (nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles); path: {body pain, temperature} -> {hypothalamus}
+
 
−
*** <img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/spinohypothalamic-tract.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
+
Tract path details:
−
*** path '''SHT.HT.AHT''': affect appetite, autonomic and homeostatic functions, and related motivational and affective responses to autonomic function (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH|Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH]]
+
* path '''ASTTL''': lower slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
−
*** path '''SHT.HT.DM''': affect blood pressure, heart rate (pain fibers to dorsomedial nucleus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
+
* path '''ASTTU''': upper slightly tactile (head and body MD,MC,PC,HF receptors to S1); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
−
*** path '''SHT.HT.LT''': affect thirst and hunger (pain fibers to lateral nucleus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT ([[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.TBM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|Premammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PRM))
+
===== lateral spinothalamic tract (LSTT)
−
*** path '''SHT.HT.SCN''': affect 24-hour rhythms (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]]
+
Tract overview:
−
*** path '''SHT.HT.SO''': affect blood volume or blood pressure  (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO|Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO]]
+
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_spinothalamic_tract
−
*** path '''SHT.LLSN''': lower pain, temperature for ANS (lower pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+
* function:pain, temperature
−
*** path '''SHT.ULSN''': upper pain, temperature for ANS (upper pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+
* generic path: {body pain, temperature, crude touch} -> {BA 3,1,2}
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray TRACT SMST]: '''spinomesencephalic tract'''; ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG; path: {MG nucleus} -> {PAG, MRF}
+
<img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026104420_26275.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
−
*** <img src="http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/BOOKS/Principles%20of%20Neural%20Science%20-%20Kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/fulltextservice/ct%7B06b9ee1beed594190674f1983457a7dd32af6a0d5a4c9892~28/da5c22ff14.gif.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=800>
+
 
−
*** path '''SMT.LPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
+
Tract path details:
−
*** path '''SMT.UPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
+
* path '''LSTT.MD''': lower body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|Lower Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract TRACT SST]: '''spinosolitary tract'''; central transmission of visceronoceptive messages (visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input); path: {body pain, temperature} -> {solitary nucleus}
+
* path '''LSTT.UMD''': upper body pain, temperature for reward (pain to frontal lobe); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|Upper Substantia Gelatinosa,LPC.SC.PH.USG]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
−
*** path '''SST''': autonomic regulation of of stress response to painful visceral stimuli (pain fibers to solitary nucleus to parabrachial nucleus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
+
* path '''LSTTL''': lower body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]]
−
*** path '''SST.LLSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+
* path '''LSTTL.VPI''': lower body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
−
*** path '''SST.ULSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
+
* path '''LSTTU''': upper body pain, temperature (head and body FN,RC receptors to marginal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]]
−
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract TRACT SRS]: '''spinoreticular system'''; automatic responses to pain
+
* path '''LSTTU.VPI''': upper body pain, temperature for emotion (pain to insula); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
−
** TRACT SMRT: '''spinomedulloreticular tract'''; automatic responses to pain; path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}
+
===== tract of Lissauer (LST)
−
*** <img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3619.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
+
Tract overview:
−
*** path '''SRT.MEDL''': lower automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (lower viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]
+
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterolateral_tract
−
*** path '''SRT.MEDU''': upper automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (upper viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]
+
* synonyms: fasciculus of Lissauer, tract/zone of Lissauer, dorsolateral fasciculus, posterolateract tract, dorsolateral tract
−
** TRACT SPRT: '''spinopontoreticular tract'''; automatic responses to pain; path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}
+
* function:fast pain; intraspinal, discriminative pain and temperature information - location, intensity and quality
−
*** <img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3619.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
+
* notes: pain duration equals to stimulus duration; joins spinothalamic tract
−
*** path '''SRT.LVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (lower crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SPC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
+
* generic path: {A-delta pain fibers} -> {to neocortex BA 3b}
−
*** path '''SRT.UVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (upper crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SPC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
+
 
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract TRACT STCT]: '''spinotectal tract'''; spinovisual reflexes; head/eye movement toward stimulus source (arises in the anterolateral column); path: {free nerve endings; crude touch, temperature, pain} -> {inferior and superior colliculi}
+
Tract path details:
−
*** path '''STCT''': Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli (crude touch to nucleus proprius to superior colliculus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]]
+
* path '''DLF.VPL''': from medial LSN; joins fasciculus gracilis; initial sharp localization of pain (lower body to neocortex BA 3b); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_GR|Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
−
* [http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html TRACT TTS]: '''trigeminothalamic system''' (neospinothalamic tract); all somatosensory submodalities from head
+
* path '''DLF.VPM''': from lateral LSN; joins fasciculus cuneatus; initial sharp localization of pain (upper body to neocortex BA 3b); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
−
** <img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F37.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>
+
* path '''DLFL''': lower autonomic and homeostatic functions, initial sharp localization of pain (lower body to hypothalamus and neocortex); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract TRACT ATTT]: '''anterior trigeminothalamic tract''' (ventral trigeminothalamic tract); awareness of the exact location of the painful stimulus; pain, temperature, and crude touch pathway; path: {face, head and neck} -> {SI - BA 1,2}
+
* path '''DLFU''': upper autonomic and homeostatic functions, initial sharp localization of pain (upper body to hypothalamus and neocortex); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
−
*** path '''TTT.GNG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves VII to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_GNG|Geniculate Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.GNG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
+
==== spinolimbic system (SLS)
−
*** path '''TTT.JUG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves IX,X to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG|Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
+
Tract overview:
−
*** path '''TTT.NOD''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves X to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_NOD|Nodose Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.NOD]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
+
* external:
−
*** path '''TTT.TRG''': nociceptors (head, face and intraoral structures nociceptors to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
+
* function:connect spinal cord with limbic structures
−
*** path '''TTT.VPM''': nociceptors (spinal trigeminal nucleus to S1); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+
 
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract TRACT DTTT]: '''dorsal trigeminal tract''' (dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus); immediate awareness of a painful sensation; pressure and tactile discrimination sensation; path: {head MC,PC} -> {SII - BA 40,43}
+
 
−
*** path '''DTT''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]]
+
===== spinohypothalamic tract (SHTT)
−
*** path '''DTT.MD''': pain, temperature for reward (marginal nucleus to frontal lobe); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
+
Tract overview:
−
*** path '''DTT.PF''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_PF|Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.PF]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NSA.NC.PO.PCC]]
+
* external: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771
−
*** path '''DTT.VPI''': pain, temperature for emotion (marginal nucleus to insula); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
+
* function:provide nociceptive information to a variety of nuclei throughout the diencephalon and brainstem bilaterally
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus TRACT MLS]: '''medial lemniscus system'''; transmits touch, vibration sense, proprioception data
+
* notes: nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles
−
* <img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026104327_66852.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
* generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {hypothalamus}
−
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway TRACT PCS]: '''posterior column system''' (dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon); two point discrimination (fine touch, fine pressure - MC), pressure (deep receptors - PC), vibration (PC), conscious proprioception (MS) (alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious; discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively)
+
<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/spinohypothalamic-tract.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
−
** <img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp1499.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>
+
 
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus TRACT FCT]: '''fasciculus cuneatus tract''' (tract of Burdach); upper body well-localized discriminative proprioception, fine touch (muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes); thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices); path: {upper trunk, forelimb deep structures and skin} -> {neocortex BA 3b, lateral}
+
Tract path details:
−
*** path '''PCT.CUL''': conscious sensations of neck, trunk, and extremities (neck (C4), trunk (T1-T6), and extremities - arms (C5-T2) to S1 lateral); FIBERS={A-beta}, ENDINGS={SMC,SPC,SHF}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+
* path '''SHT.HT.AHT''': affect appetite, autonomic and homeostatic functions, and related motivational and affective responses to autonomic function (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AH|Anterior Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.AH]]
−
*** path '''PCT.CUM''': conscious sensations of head (geniohyoid (C1), head top (C2), head back above neck (C3) to S1 medial); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SMC,SPC,SHF}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+
* path '''SHT.HT.DM''': affect blood pressure, heart rate (pain fibers to dorsomedial nucleus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus TRACT FGT]: '''fasciculus gracilis tract''' (tract of Goll); lower body well-localized discriminative fine touch (sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices; mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)); path: {lower body, muscle afferents} -> {somatosensory cortex}
+
* path '''SHT.HT.LT''': affect thirst and hunger (pain fibers to lateral nucleus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT ([[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.LTN), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.SUM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.TBM), [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|Premammillary Nucleus]] (LAC.FD.HT.PRM))
−
*** path '''PCT.GRL''': epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from lower body (receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX to neocortex BA 3b, medial); FIBERS={A-beta}, ENDINGS={SMS,SPC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_GR|Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+
* path '''SHT.HT.SCN''': affect 24-hour rhythms (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]]
−
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway TRACT SCVT]: '''spinocervical tract''' (Morin's tract); static position, Ruffini endings (thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices); path: {receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX} -> {somatosensory cortex}
+
* path '''SHT.HT.SO''': affect blood volume or blood pressure  (pain fibers to anterior hypothalamus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SO|Supraoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SO]]
−
** <img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026103923_13924.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
* path '''SHT.LLSN''': lower pain, temperature for ANS (lower pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
−
** path '''SCVT''': tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1); FIBERS={A-alpha; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SRC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]]
+
* path '''SHT.ULSN''': upper pain, temperature for ANS (upper pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
−
** path '''SCVT.PAG''': alerts about presence of cutaneous stimuli that might represent danger, necessitating flight (cutaneous stimuli to PAG); FIBERS={A-alpha; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SRC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
+
===== spinomesencephalic tract (SMST)
−
** path '''SCVT.VPL''': four-neuron, fast-conducting, tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1); FIBERS={A-alpha; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SRC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
+
Tract overview:
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract TRACT SCS]: '''spinocerebellar system'''; spinal cord to cerebellum
+
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periaqueductal_gray
−
* TRACT DSCS: '''direct spinocerebellar system'''; spinal cord nuclei to cerebellum (lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts; upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract)
+
* function:ascending pain and temperature fibers of the spinothalamic tract also send information to the PAG
−
** <img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/spinocerebellar-tracts.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
+
* generic path: {MG nucleus} -> {PAG, MRF}
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers TRACT CSCT]: '''cuneocerebellar tract'''; relay information about limb position and movement to the cerebellum (upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract); path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, vermis and paravermis of the ipsilateral posterior lobe}
+
<img src="http://www.ib.cnea.gov.ar/~redneu/2013/BOOKS/Principles%20of%20Neural%20Science%20-%20Kandel/gateway.ut.ovid.com/fulltextservice/ct%7B06b9ee1beed594190674f1983457a7dd32af6a0d5a4c9892~28/da5c22ff14.gif.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=800>
−
*** <img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp14100_thumb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
 
−
*** path '''CSCT''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (upper limb muscles to accessory cuneate nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT,SRC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_ACU|Accessory Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.ACU]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+
Tract path details:
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT DSCT]: '''dorsal spinocerebellar tract''' (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract); conveys proprioceptive information from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles and joints to the cerebellum (ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information); path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors, cutaneous receptors, lower limbs, below L3} -> {cerebellum, mainly ipsilateral anterior lobe}
+
* path '''SMT.LPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
−
*** path '''DSCTL''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT,SRC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+
* path '''SMT.UPAG''': initiates pain inhibition (activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to raphe nuclei, descending to inhibitory interneurons located in Laminae II); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
−
*** path '''DSCTU''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT,SRC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+
===== spinosolitary tract (SST)
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT RSCT]: '''rostral spinocerebellar tract'''; transmits information from the golgi tendon organs of the cranial half of the body to the cerebellum (upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract); path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, anterior lobe}
+
Tract overview:
−
*** <img src="http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/74/flashcards/874074/png/ventral:rostral_spinocerebellar_tracts1323673590697.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract
−
*** path '''RSCT''': proprioceptive information (upper limb muscles to centrobasalis nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SGT}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LLC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+
* function:central transmission of visceronoceptive messages
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract TRACT VSCT]: '''ventral spinocerebellar tract''' (anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract); conveys information about postural stability of the lower limbs to cerebellum (bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration; from nucleus proprius); path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, trunk, C8-L3} -> {cerebellum}
+
* notes: visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input
−
*** <img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp14101_thumb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
+
* generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {solitary nucleus}
−
*** path '''VSCTL''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+
 
−
*** path '''VSCTU''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+
Tract path details:
−
* TRACT SMTS: '''spinometencephalic system'''; spinal cord to intermediate nucleus to cerebellum
+
* path '''SST''': autonomic regulation of of stress response to painful visceral stimuli (pain fibers to solitary nucleus to parabrachial nucleus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
−
** <img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F109.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
+
* path '''SST.LLSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SOT]: '''spinoolivary tract''' (Helwegs tract); automatic movements of head, neck and upper limb; path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}
+
* path '''SST.ULSN''': pain, temperature for ANS (pain fibers to spinal integrator LSN); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
−
*** path '''SOT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LLC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+
==== spinoreticular system (SRS)
−
*** path '''SOT.NPR''': proprioception to cerebellum (muscle spindles and Golgi tendons to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SGT,SMS}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+
Tract overview:
−
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract TRACT SVT]: '''spinovestibular tract'''; information from cutaneous and proprioceptive organs to CR; path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}
+
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinoreticular_tract
−
*** path '''SVT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to vestibular nucleus to cerebellum; C1-C4); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LLC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_IVBN|Inferior Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.IVBN]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
+
* function:automatic responses to pain
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===== spinomedulloreticular tract (SMRT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external:
 +
* function:automatic responses to pain
 +
* generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}
 +
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3619.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''SRT.MEDL''': lower automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (lower viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]
 +
* path '''SRT.MEDU''': upper automatic responses to pain; attentional and alerting mechanisms (upper viceral pain to spinal cord to medullary reticular formation; visceral and somatic pain to MRF); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SAD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus,LRC.HL.RF.MED]]
 +
===== spinopontoreticular tract (SPRT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external:
 +
* function:automatic responses to pain
 +
* generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}
 +
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3619.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''SRT.LVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (lower crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SPC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
 +
* path '''SRT.UVA''': exerts excitatory influence predominantly on pontine reticular nuclei to facilitate contraction of extensor muscles of limb and trunk (upper crude touch/vibration to spinal cord to pontine reticular formation to thalamus; utilizes four levels of neurons); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SPC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Pontine Reticular Formation, Medial Column,HT.RF.MED ([[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_RPO|Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.RPO), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_CRF|Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.CRF), [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_PRF_PVR|Parvocellular Reticular Nucleus]] (LRC.HT.PRF.PVR)) -> [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
 +
===== spinotectal tract (STCT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract
 +
* function:spinovisual reflexes; head/eye movement toward stimulus source
 +
* notes: arises in the anterolateral column
 +
* generic path: {free nerve endings; crude touch, temperature, pain} -> {inferior and superior colliculi}
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''STCT''': Head and eye attention to non-visual stimuli (crude touch to nucleus proprius to superior colliculus); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus,LRC.MM.SC.DEEP]]
 +
==== trigeminothalamic system (TTS)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/virtualbrain/BrainStem/03CNV.html
 +
* synonyms: neospinothalamic tract
 +
* function:all somatosensory submodalities from head
 +
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F37.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===== anterior trigeminothalamic tract (ATTT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_trigeminothalamic_tract
 +
* synonyms: ventral trigeminothalamic tract
 +
* function:awareness of the exact location of the painful stimulus; pain, temperature, and crude touch pathway
 +
* generic path: {face, head and neck} -> {SI - BA 1,2}
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''TTT.GNG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves VII to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_GNG|Geniculate Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.GNG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
 +
* path '''TTT.JUG''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves IX,X to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_JUG|Jugular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.JUG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
 +
* path '''TTT.NOD''': nociceptors (nociceptors of cranial nerves X to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_NOD|Nodose Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.NOD]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
 +
* path '''TTT.TRG''': nociceptors (head, face and intraoral structures nociceptors to spinal trigeminal nucleus); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]]
 +
* path '''TTT.VPM''': nociceptors (spinal trigeminal nucleus to S1); FIBERS={A-delta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN,SCR}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_TGS_STR|Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HL.TGS.STR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
===== dorsal trigeminal tract (DTTT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract
 +
* synonyms: dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus
 +
* function:immediate awareness of a painful sensation; pressure and tactile discrimination sensation
 +
* generic path: {head MC,PC} -> {SII - BA 40,43}
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''DTT''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_TRG|Trigeminal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.TRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]]
 +
* path '''DTT.MD''': pain, temperature for reward (marginal nucleus to frontal lobe); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
 +
* path '''DTT.PF''': face dull, burning pain, deep, aching pain, temperature and crude touch (head, face and intraoral structures to Precentral Cortex); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_PF|Parafascicular Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.PF]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NSA.NC.PO.PCC]]
 +
* path '''DTT.VPI''': pain, temperature for emotion (marginal nucleus to insula); FIBERS={C-sensory}, ENDINGS={SFN}: [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPI]] -> [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PIC|Posterior Insular Cortex,NCP.NC.INS.PIC]]
 +
=== medial lemniscus system (MLS)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_lemniscus
 +
* function:transmits touch, vibration sense, proprioception data
 +
<img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026104327_66852.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==== posterior column system (PCS)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway
 +
* synonyms: dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon
 +
* function:two point discrimination (fine touch, fine pressure - MC), pressure (deep receptors - PC), vibration (PC), conscious proprioception (MS)
 +
* notes: alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious; discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively
 +
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp1499.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=700>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===== fasciculus cuneatus tract (FCT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus
 +
* synonyms: tract of Burdach
 +
* function:upper body well-localized discriminative proprioception, fine touch
 +
* notes: muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes); thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
 +
* generic path: {upper trunk, forelimb deep structures and skin} -> {neocortex BA 3b, lateral}
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''PCT.CUL''': conscious sensations of neck, trunk, and extremities (neck (C4), trunk (T1-T6), and extremities - arms (C5-T2) to S1 lateral); FIBERS={A-beta}, ENDINGS={SMC,SPC,SHF}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
* path '''PCT.CUM''': conscious sensations of head (geniohyoid (C1), head top (C2), head back above neck (C3) to S1 medial); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SMC,SPC,SHF}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_CU|Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.CU]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPM]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
===== fasciculus gracilis tract (FGT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus
 +
* synonyms: tract of Goll
 +
* function:lower body well-localized discriminative fine touch
 +
* notes: sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices; mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)
 +
* generic path: {lower body, muscle afferents} -> {somatosensory cortex}
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''PCT.GRL''': epicritic, kinesthetic, and conscious proprioceptive information from lower body (receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX to neocortex BA 3b, medial); FIBERS={A-beta}, ENDINGS={SMS,SPC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_GR|Gracile Nucleus,LPC.HL.GR]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
==== spinocervical tract (SCVT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway
 +
* synonyms: Morin's tract
 +
* function:static position, Ruffini endings
 +
* notes: thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
 +
* generic path: {receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX} -> {somatosensory cortex}
 +
<img src="http://www.cixip.com/Public/kindeditor/attached/image/20121026/20121026103923_13924.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''SCVT''': tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1); FIBERS={A-alpha; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SRC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]]
 +
* path '''SCVT.PAG''': alerts about presence of cutaneous stimuli that might represent danger, necessitating flight (cutaneous stimuli to PAG); FIBERS={A-alpha; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SRC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 +
* path '''SCVT.VPL''': four-neuron, fast-conducting, tactile/pressure pathway from the spinal cord to sensory cortex (tactile/pressure to S1); FIBERS={A-alpha; A-beta}, ENDINGS={SRC}: [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_LH_LCV|Lateral Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.LH.LCV]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NSA.FD.TH.VPL]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NSA.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
=== spinocerebellar system (SCS)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_tract
 +
* function:spinal cord to cerebellum
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==== direct spinocerebellar system (DSCS)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external:
 +
* function:spinal cord nuclei to cerebellum
 +
* notes: lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts; upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract
 +
<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/spinocerebellar-tracts.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=600>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===== cuneocerebellar tract (CSCT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers
 +
* function:relay information about limb position and movement to the cerebellum
 +
* notes: upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract
 +
* generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, vermis and paravermis of the ipsilateral posterior lobe}
 +
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp14100_thumb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''CSCT''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (upper limb muscles to accessory cuneate nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT,SRC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_ACU|Accessory Cuneate Nucleus,LPC.HL.ACU]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
 +
===== dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract
 +
* synonyms: posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract
 +
* function:conveys proprioceptive information from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles and joints to the cerebellum
 +
* notes: ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information
 +
* generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors, cutaneous receptors, lower limbs, below L3} -> {cerebellum, mainly ipsilateral anterior lobe}
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''DSCTL''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT,SRC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
 +
* path '''DSCTU''': proprioceptive and exteroceptive information (lower limb muscles to clarkes nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory; A-beta-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT,SRC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
 +
===== rostral spinocerebellar tract (RSCT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract
 +
* function:transmits information from the golgi tendon organs of the cranial half of the body to the cerebellum
 +
* notes: upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract
 +
* generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, anterior lobe}
 +
<img src="http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/74/flashcards/874074/png/ventral:rostral_spinocerebellar_tracts1323673590697.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''RSCT''': proprioceptive information (upper limb muscles to centrobasalis nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SGT}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LLC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
 +
===== ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract
 +
* synonyms: anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract
 +
* function:conveys information about postural stability of the lower limbs to cerebellum
 +
* notes: bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration; from nucleus proprius
 +
* generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, trunk, C8-L3} -> {cerebellum}
 +
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp14101_thumb.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''VSCTL''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_LDRG|Lower Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.LDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
 +
* path '''VSCTU''': proprioceptive information (body muscles to intermediomedial nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMS,SGT}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|Intermediomedial Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
 +
==== spinometencephalic system (SMTS)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external:
 +
* function:spinal cord to intermediate nucleus to cerebellum
 +
<img src="http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp15F109.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=500>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===== spinoolivary tract (SOT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract
 +
* synonyms: Helwegs tract
 +
* function:automatic movements of head, neck and upper limb
 +
* generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''SOT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LLC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
 +
* path '''SOT.NPR''': proprioception to cerebellum (muscle spindles and Golgi tendons to inferior olivary nucleus to cerebellum); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ib-sensory}, ENDINGS={SGT,SMS}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))
 +
===== spinovestibular tract (SVT)
 +
Tract overview:
 +
* external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract
 +
* function:information from cutaneous and proprioceptive organs to CR
 +
* generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}
 +
 
 +
Tract path details:
 +
* path '''SVT.CCV''': cutaneous information to cerebellum (skin mechanoreceptors to vestibular nucleus to cerebellum; C1-C4); FIBERS={A-alpha-Ia-sensory}, ENDINGS={SMC,SMD}: [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_UDRG|Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.UDRG]] -> [[BrainRegionLLC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LLC.SC.IZ.CCV]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_HT_IVBN|Inferior Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.IVBN]] -> Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR ([[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebrocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.CC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_SC|Spinocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.SC), [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_VC|Vestibulocerebellum]] (LLC.HT.CR.VC))

Revision as of 08:34, 6 August 2015

Biological Mind Tracts

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> MindTracts -> MindTractsAT

bio-research.jpg

This page is intended to describe set of ascending tracts

Contents

 [hide] 

Tract Details

(generated)

TRACT SET: Ascending Tracts

unavailable

=== anterolateral system (ALS) Tract overview:


==== paleospinothalamic system (PSTS) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinothalamic_tract
  • function:transmits pain mainly from the peripheral slow-chronic type C pain fibers; transmits information to thalamus about pain, temperature, itch and crude touch
  • notes: conscious; cervical-anterior-toward-contralateral, thoracic, lumbar, sacral-lateral slices


===== anterior spinothalamic tract (ASTT) Tract overview:

unavailable

Tract path details:

===== lateral spinothalamic tract (LSTT) Tract overview:

unavailable

Tract path details:

===== tract of Lissauer (LST) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterolateral_tract
  • synonyms: fasciculus of Lissauer, tract/zone of Lissauer, dorsolateral fasciculus, posterolateract tract, dorsolateral tract
  • function:fast pain; intraspinal, discriminative pain and temperature information - location, intensity and quality
  • notes: pain duration equals to stimulus duration; joins spinothalamic tract
  • generic path: {A-delta pain fibers} -> {to neocortex BA 3b}

Tract path details:

==== spinolimbic system (SLS) Tract overview:

  • external:
  • function:connect spinal cord with limbic structures


===== spinohypothalamic tract (SHTT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613771
  • function:provide nociceptive information to a variety of nuclei throughout the diencephalon and brainstem bilaterally
  • notes: nociception integration, from C-fibers innervating muscles
  • generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {hypothalamus}

unavailable

Tract path details:

===== spinomesencephalic tract (SMST) Tract overview:

unavailable

Tract path details:

===== spinosolitary tract (SST) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_tract
  • function:central transmission of visceronoceptive messages
  • notes: visceronociception, short-latency nociceptive input
  • generic path: {body pain, temperature} -> {solitary nucleus}

Tract path details:

==== spinoreticular system (SRS) Tract overview:


===== spinomedulloreticular tract (SMRT) Tract overview:

  • external:
  • function:automatic responses to pain
  • generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}

unavailable

Tract path details:

===== spinopontoreticular tract (SPRT) Tract overview:

  • external:
  • function:automatic responses to pain
  • generic path: {visceral pain} -> {MRF, entire cortex}

unavailable

Tract path details:

===== spinotectal tract (STCT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinotectal_tract
  • function:spinovisual reflexes; head/eye movement toward stimulus source
  • notes: arises in the anterolateral column
  • generic path: {free nerve endings; crude touch, temperature, pain} -> {inferior and superior colliculi}

Tract path details:

==== trigeminothalamic system (TTS) Tract overview:

unavailable


===== anterior trigeminothalamic tract (ATTT) Tract overview:

Tract path details:

===== dorsal trigeminal tract (DTTT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_trigeminal_tract
  • synonyms: dorsal trigeminothalamic tract, lemniscus
  • function:immediate awareness of a painful sensation; pressure and tactile discrimination sensation
  • generic path: {head MC,PC} -> {SII - BA 40,43}

Tract path details:

=== medial lemniscus system (MLS) Tract overview:

unavailable


==== posterior column system (PCS) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_column-medial_lemniscus_pathway
  • synonyms: dorsal column, Reils band, Reils ribbon
  • function:two point discrimination (fine touch, fine pressure - MC), pressure (deep receptors - PC), vibration (PC), conscious proprioception (MS)
  • notes: alpha/beta mechanoreceptors, conscious; discrimination of those sensations that an animal must explore actively

unavailable


===== fasciculus cuneatus tract (FCT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneate_fasciculus
  • synonyms: tract of Burdach
  • function:upper body well-localized discriminative proprioception, fine touch
  • notes: muscle afferents and cutaneous mechanoreceptors (C1-T6 dermatomes); thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
  • generic path: {upper trunk, forelimb deep structures and skin} -> {neocortex BA 3b, lateral}

Tract path details:

===== fasciculus gracilis tract (FGT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracile_fasciculus
  • synonyms: tract of Goll
  • function:lower body well-localized discriminative fine touch
  • notes: sacral-toward-contralateral and lumbar slices; mostly cutaneous (proprioception via CLN)
  • generic path: {lower body, muscle afferents} -> {somatosensory cortex}

Tract path details:

==== spinocervical tract (SCVT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocervical_pathway
  • synonyms: Morin's tract
  • function:static position, Ruffini endings
  • notes: thoracic-toward-contralateral and cervical slices
  • generic path: {receptors of thoracic and lower limbs, T7-CX} -> {somatosensory cortex}

unavailable

Tract path details:

=== spinocerebellar system (SCS) Tract overview:


==== direct spinocerebellar system (DSCS) Tract overview:

  • external:
  • function:spinal cord nuclei to cerebellum
  • notes: lower are dorsal and ventral SC tracts; upper are cuneocerebellar and rostral spinocerebellar tract

unavailable


===== cuneocerebellar tract (CSCT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_external_arcuate_fibers
  • function:relay information about limb position and movement to the cerebellum
  • notes: upper extremity equivalent of Clarkes column to CR tract - posterior spinocerebellar tract
  • generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, vermis and paravermis of the ipsilateral posterior lobe}

unavailable

Tract path details:

===== dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorsal_spinocerebellar_tract
  • synonyms: posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsigs tract
  • function:conveys proprioceptive information from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles and joints to the cerebellum
  • notes: ipsilateral, proprioceptive and tactile information
  • generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, joint receptors, cutaneous receptors, lower limbs, below L3} -> {cerebellum, mainly ipsilateral anterior lobe}

Tract path details:

===== rostral spinocerebellar tract (RSCT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostral_spinocerebellar_tract
  • function:transmits information from the golgi tendon organs of the cranial half of the body to the cerebellum
  • notes: upper extremity equivalent of ventral spinocerebellar tract
  • generic path: {proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration, C1-C7} -> {cerebellum, anterior lobe}

unavailable

Tract path details:

===== ventral spinocerebellar tract (VSCT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral_spinocerebellar_tract
  • synonyms: anterior spinocerebellar tract, Gowers tract
  • function:conveys information about postural stability of the lower limbs to cerebellum
  • notes: bilaterally, double cross, proprioceptive/fine touch/vibration; from nucleus proprius
  • generic path: {neuromuscular spindles and Golgi tendon organs, trunk, C8-L3} -> {cerebellum}

unavailable

Tract path details:

==== spinometencephalic system (SMTS) Tract overview:

  • external:
  • function:spinal cord to intermediate nucleus to cerebellum

unavailable


===== spinoolivary tract (SOT) Tract overview:

  • external: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spino-olivary_tract
  • synonyms: Helwegs tract
  • function:automatic movements of head, neck and upper limb
  • generic path: {proprioception information from muscles and tendons, cutaneous impulses} -> {cerebellum}

Tract path details:

===== spinovestibular tract (SVT) Tract overview:

Tract path details:

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