Latest revision as of 18:29, 28 April 2019

Retinal Nucleus

@@Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLPC -> BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT

This page covers biological details of component Retinal Nucleus. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

Top-down path to region: Forebrain Diencephalon -> Retinal Nucleus (LPC.FD.RT) (see Mind Maps)
Type: nucleus
Quality: L0
Brain area: Lower Brain - Peripheral Control Area (LPC)
Area circuit: Vision Sensory (AVS)
Role: sensory.nucleus
Function: Spatial decorrelation through center surround inhibition
Notes to function:
- 100:1 cones/rods to ganglion cells aggregation, edge extraction
- inner nuclear layer (5) and ganglion cell layer (3)

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Components

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no child items defined

Connectivity

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LPC.FD.RT.dot.png

Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Role	Reference
LPC	LPC.PN.SG.RT	Retinal Ganglion	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Retinal layers (INNER -> GANGLION)

Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Role	Reference
LAC	LAC.FD.HT.SCN	Suprachiasmatic Nucleus	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> SCN)
LRC	LRC.MM.PT.NOT	Nucleus of Optic Tract	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
	LRC.MM.PT.PON	Pretectal Olivary Nucleus	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> OPN)
	LRC.MM.PT.SL	Sublentiform Nucleus	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)
	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	Superficial Superior Colliculus	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> SC, abstract)
NPE	NPE.FD.TH.MPV	Medial Pulvinar	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Retina and superior colliculus targets (Retina -> Pulvinar, abstract)
NSA	NSA.FD.LGN	Lateral Geniculate Nucleus	excitatory-glu	uncertain	Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> LGN)

Thirdparty Circuits

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Retina and superior colliculus targets - see Reference (CP.RETINA-SUPERIOR-COLLICULUS)

Abducens=Abducens Nucleus,LPC.HT.ABD
LGB=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
OCC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
Oculomotor=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN
Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see Sensory Thalamus)
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
Trochlear=Trochlear Nucleus,LPC.MM.TRH

Targets of retina neurons - see Reference (CP.RETINA-OUTPUTS)

HT=Hypothalamus,FD.HT
LGB=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
Pretectum=Pretectum,MM.PT (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)

Effect of light on pupil diameter - see Reference (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX)

DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
EW=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN
EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE
GC=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
IML=Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
OPN=Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
RET=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCG=Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG
SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN

Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths - see Reference (CP.GENICULATE-PATHS)

LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
PPN=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

Retinal layers - see Reference (CX.EYE-RETINA)

GANGLION=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
INNER=Retinal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.RT
RODSCONES=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE

Visual perception abstraction - see Reference (CP.VISUAL-PERCEPTION-ABSTRACTION)

FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see Premotor Cortex)
IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
OCC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
Prestriate=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe)
Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see Sensory Thalamus)
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)

unavailable

Visual Dorsal Pathway - see Reference (CP.VISUAL-DORSAL-PATHWAY)

IPL=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL
IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
MST=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SPL=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe)
V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe)
V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see Occipital Lobe)
V5=Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT
V6=Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO

Saccadic Vision - see Reference (CP.SACCADIC-VISION)

BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex)
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia)
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SNpr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area)
Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH
VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT - see Reference (CP.PRIMARY-VISUAL-FORWARD-FLOWS)

7a=Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP
MST=Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST
MT=Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT
PO=Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
TE=Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE
TEO=Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO
V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe)
V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see Occipital Lobe)
V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see Occipital Lobe)
VIP=Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP

Global visual system - see Reference (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)

ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
BGA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
OPN=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN
ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see Sensory Thalamus)
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see Anterior/Ventral Horn)
Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

Eye muscles - see Reference (CP.EYE-MUSCLES)

Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT

Eye muscle directions - see Reference (CP.EYE-MUSCLE-DIRECTIONS)

Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT

Eye movement terminology - see Reference (CP.EYE-MOVEMENT-TERMINOLOGY)

Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT

References

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Difference between revisions of "BrainRegionLPC FD RT"

Latest revision as of 18:29, 28 April 2019

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<pre style="color: green">Retinal Nucleus</pre>
-<pre style="color: green">Retina</pre>
 @@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaLPC]] -> [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT]]
 ----
-This page covers biological details of component Retina.
+This page covers biological details of component Retinal Nucleus.
 Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.
-* '''Top-down path to region''': Forebrain Diencephalon -> [[BrainCenterLPC_FD_RT|Retina]] (LPC.FD.RT) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
+* '''Top-down path to region''': Forebrain Diencephalon -> [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus]] (LPC.FD.RT) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
 * '''Type''': nucleus
-* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaLPC|Lower Brain - Peripheral Control Area]]
+* '''Quality''': L0
-* '''Role''': relay
+* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaLPC|Lower Brain - Peripheral Control Area]] (LPC)
+* '''Area circuit''': Vision Sensory (AVS)
+* '''Role''': sensory.nucleus
 * '''Function''': Spatial decorrelation through center surround inhibition
-* '''Notes to function''': 100:1 cones/rods to ganglion cells aggregation, edge extraction
+* '''Notes to function''':
+** 100:1 cones/rods to ganglion cells aggregation, edge extraction
+**  inner nuclear layer (5) and ganglion cell layer (3)
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 = Components =
@@ Line 29: / Line 32: @@
 {| class=wikitable width=80%
-| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
+| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaTSA|TSA]] || [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|TARGET.TSA.EYE]] || Eye || eye-edge-output || [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Vision Components (EYE -> RT)]
+| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_RT|LPC.PN.SG.RT]] || Retinal Ganglion || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://education.med.nyu.edu/Histology/courseware/modules/eye-and-ear/eye-and-ear21.html Retinal layers (INNER -> GANGLION)]
 |}
@@ Line 37: / Line 40: @@
 {| class=wikitable width=80%
-| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
+| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|LAC.FD.HT.SCN]] || Suprachiasmatic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> HT, abstract)]
+| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|LAC.FD.HT.SCN]] || Suprachiasmatic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> SCN)]
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT|LRC.MM.PT.NOT]] || Nucleus of Optic Tract || excitatory-glu || [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)]
+| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_NOT|LRC.MM.PT.NOT]] || Nucleus of Optic Tract || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON|LRC.MM.PT.PON]] || Pretectal Olivary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)]
+|  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON|LRC.MM.PT.PON]] || Pretectal Olivary Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (RET -> OPN)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_SL|LRC.MM.PT.SL]] || Sublentiform Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)]
+|  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_SL|LRC.MM.PT.SL]] || Sublentiform Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Targets of retina neurons (Retina -> Pretectum, abstract)]
 |-
-|  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|LRC.MM.SC.SUP]] || Superficial Superior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> SC, abstract)]
+|  || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|LRC.MM.SC.SUP]] || Superficial Superior Colliculus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> SC, abstract)]
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]] || Medial Pulvinar || excitatory-glu || [http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html Retina and superior colliculus targets (Retina -> Pulvinar, abstract)]
+| [[BrainAreaNPE|NPE]] || [[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_MPV|NPE.FD.TH.MPV]] || Medial Pulvinar || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html Retina and superior colliculus targets (Retina -> Pulvinar, abstract)]
 |-
-| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|NSA.FD.LGN]] || Lateral Geniculate Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> LGN)]
+| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|NSA.FD.LGN]] || Lateral Geniculate Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (Retina -> LGN)]
 |}
@@ Line 57: / Line 60: @@
 (generated)
-* [http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/Fig12.GIF Visual perception abstraction] - see [http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/nat_intel.shtml Reference]
+* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mjoruMnWeaU/TVp_YcF7meI/AAAAAAAAAsQ/8oZIVJrZVnw/s1600/Gray722.png Retina and superior colliculus targets] - see [http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html Reference] (CP.RETINA-SUPERIOR-COLLICULUS)
-<img src="http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/Fig12.GIF" alt="unavailable">
+ Abducens=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_ABD|Abducens Nucleus,LPC.HT.ABD]]
+ LGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ OCC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
+ Oculomotor=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN|Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN]]
+ Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ Trochlear=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_TRH|Trochlear Nucleus,LPC.MM.TRH]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1e47f3d4848f280932c3d1141f94c3fb.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg Visual Dorsal Pathway] - see [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 Reference]
+* [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision_files/image022.jpg Targets of retina neurons] - see [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Reference] (CP.RETINA-OUTPUTS)
-<img src="http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ HT=[[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus,FD.HT]]
+ LGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ Pretectum=Pretectum,MM.PT (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/9bb9494221ce8a67b88309273de12d2c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/vision-subcortical.jpg Vision Components] - see [http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html Reference]
+* [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/31465/fnint-06-00094-r2/image_m/fnint-06-00094-g002.jpg Effect of light on pupil diameter] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Reference] (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX)
-<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/biomodel/vision-subcortical.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ DMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
+ EW=[[BrainRegionLAC_MM_EWN|Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN]]
+ EYE=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]]
+ GC=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_CLG|Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG]]
+ IML=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC|Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC]]
+ LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]]
+ OPN=[[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON|Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON]]
+ PVN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]]
+ RET=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SCG=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]]
+ SCN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1cde10342c1a8c5667b42d9df87c4f50.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference]
+* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Reference] (CP.GENICULATE-PATHS)
-<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ PPN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]]
+ RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ VC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e143171723c707d294c39b42fbe01ee6.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mjoruMnWeaU/TVp_YcF7meI/AAAAAAAAAsQ/8oZIVJrZVnw/s1600/Gray722.png Retina and superior colliculus targets] - see [http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html Reference]
+* [http://education.med.nyu.edu/Histology/courseware/modules/eye-and-ear/images/eye-and-ear.21.jpeg Retinal layers] - see [http://education.med.nyu.edu/Histology/courseware/modules/eye-and-ear/eye-and-ear21.html Reference] (CX.EYE-RETINA)
-<img src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mjoruMnWeaU/TVp_YcF7meI/AAAAAAAAAsQ/8oZIVJrZVnw/s1600/Gray722.png" alt="unavailable">
+ GANGLION=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ INNER=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_RT|Retinal Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.RT]]
+ RODSCONES=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6c60ce834c2c3a75de24681cb4a68cdb.jpeg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision_files/image022.jpg Targets of retina neurons] - see [http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm Reference]
+* [http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/Fig12.GIF Visual perception abstraction] - see [http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/nat_intel.shtml Reference] (CP.VISUAL-PERCEPTION-ABSTRACTION)
-<img src="http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision_files/image022.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
+ IT=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT|Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]]
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ OCC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
+ Prestriate=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+<img src="http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/Fig12.GIF" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Reference]
+* [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056.fig.001.jpg Visual Dorsal Pathway] - see [http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056 Reference] (CP.VISUAL-DORSAL-PATHWAY)
-<img src="http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ IPL=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
+ IT=[[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT|Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT]]
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ MST=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST]]
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SPL=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
+ V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
+ V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V5=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT]]
+ V6=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/c2749de1240ee8cdd79b8bae73b372c4.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference]
+* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/images/nrn1345-i1.jpg Saccadic Vision] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Reference] (CP.SACCADIC-VISION)
-<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
+ CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
+ CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
+ FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
+ GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ LIP=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]]
+ RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ SNpr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
+ STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]])
+ Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH
+ VisualCortex=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e149203d6ac92f76e1ccabaef41666a6.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Reference]
+* [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/a/a_02/a_02_cr/a_02_cr_vis/a_02_cr_vis_3a.jpg Paths from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT] - see [http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html Reference] (CP.PRIMARY-VISUAL-FORWARD-FLOWS)
-<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+a=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SPL_PG|Caudal Precuneus,NPE.NC.SPL.PG]]
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ LIP=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]]
+ MST=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_MST|Medial Superior Temporal Area,NPE.NC.IPL.MST]]
+ MT=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_MT|Middle Temporal Area,NSA.NC.OCC.MT]]
+ PO=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_PO|Parietooccipital Area,NSA.NC.OCC.PO]]
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ TE=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE|Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE]]
+ TEO=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TEO|Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT.TEO]]
+ V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
+ V2=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V3=Associative Visual Cortex,NPE.NC.OCC.V3 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ V4=Fusiform Gyrus,NSA.NC.OCC.V4 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+ VIP=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IPS_VIP|Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1c30169028b3eacfe0db4fffcf65feaa.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/53700/53763/53763_eye_md.gif Eye muscles] - see [http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/53700/53763/53763_eye.htm Reference]
+* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)
-<img src="http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/53700/53763/53763_eye_md.gif" alt="unavailable">
+ ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
+ BGA=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
+ FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ OPN=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN|Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN]]
+ ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
+ Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
+ RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+ SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]
+ SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
+ SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn]])
+ Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
+ VisualCortex=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7192d7e1c7041f25a6eddc32c4f67e91.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/CN_Musc_eye.jpg Eye muscle directions] - see [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/eyes.htm Reference]
+* [http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/53700/53763/53763_eye_md.gif Eye muscles] - see [http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/53700/53763/53763_eye.htm Reference] (CP.EYE-MUSCLES)
-<img src="http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/CN_Musc_eye.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/0c5dec466363ce860ea96323fdf7671c.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
-* [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/Eye_Move_Terminol.jpg Eye movement terminology] - see [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/eyes.htm Reference]
+* [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/CN_Musc_eye.jpg Eye muscle directions] - see [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/eyes.htm Reference] (CP.EYE-MUSCLE-DIRECTIONS)
-<img src="http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/Eye_Move_Terminol.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/76389482df6a4610eb3deb7bddc8c7de.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+* [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/Eye_Move_Terminol.jpg Eye movement terminology] - see [http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/eyes.htm Reference] (CP.EYE-MOVEMENT-TERMINOLOGY)
+ Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/24165cd602fcee36c2ed1ce3e9fd491a.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
@@ Line 109: / Line 217: @@
 (generated)
+* http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html
+* http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm
+* http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full
+* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308
+* http://education.med.nyu.edu/Histology/courseware/modules/eye-and-ear/eye-and-ear21.html
 * http://asweknowit.ca/evcult/NatIntel/nat_intel.shtml
 * http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056
-* http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter07.html
 * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html
-* http://unifiedtao-en.blogspot.ru/2011/03/what-we-see-of-tao.html
-* http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Vision.htm
 * http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html
 * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
-* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308
 * http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/53700/53763/53763_eye.htm
 * http://meded.ucsd.edu/clinicalmed/eyes.htm