BrainAreaLLC
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Locomotion Control Area
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Contents
Local Circuits
(generated)
| ID | Name | Regions |
| LGP | Gait and Posture Control | LLC.MM.CNF, LLC.MM.SCNF |
| LLC | Cerebrocerebellar Locomotion | LLC.HP.CR.CC, LLC.HP.CR.DN, LLC.HP.PN.RP, LLC.HP.PRF.PDT |
| LLL | Spinocerebellar Learning | LLC.FD.TH.SF, LLC.HM.ARC, LLC.HM.IO, LLC.HM.RF.MLRN, LLC.HM.RF.PLRN, LLC.HP.PN.PBB |
| LLP | Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion | LLC.HM.RF.SLRN, LLC.HP.CR.FN, LLC.HP.CR.VC, LLC.SC.IZ.CCV |
| LLS | Spinocerebellar Locomotion | LLC.HP.CR.EN, LLC.HP.CR.GN, LLC.HP.CR.SC, LLC.MM.RD |
Gait and Posture Control
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LLC.MM.CNF | Cuneiform Nucleus | nucleus | LLE | Passive coping strategy to novel, painful or threatening stimuli | modulatory nucleus; medial part of midbrain RF |
| LLC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus | LLE | Initiation of gait, feedback control of saccade accuracy | contributes to generation of estimate of target or eye position coded in craniotopic coordinates |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| LPC | LLC.MM.CNF | LPC.SC.PH.CL | Clarke Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LRC | LLC.MM.SCNF | LRC.HM.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LRC.HP.PRF.GCR | Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC.MM.RP.RIP | Raphe Interpositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| LAC | LLC.MM.CNF | LAC.HM.VGN | Vagus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LMC | LLC.MM.SCNF | LMC.HM.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | Pontine Raphe Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LLC.MM.CNF | LRC.HP.PN.KFN | Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LRC.HP.PRF.GCR | Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Cerebrocerebellar Locomotion
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LLC.HP.CR.CC | Cerebrocerebellum | cortex | LLC | planning movement that is about to occur, evaluating sensory information for action, handles intentions |
lateral zone of anterior and posterior lobes; dentate nucleus; receives input exclusively from cerebral cortex (especially parietal lobe) via pontine nuclei (forming cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways), and sends output mainly to ventrolateral thalamus and to red nucleus; add skill to movements |
| LLC.HP.CR.DN | Dentate Nucleus | nucleus | LLC | planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements | dorsal - movement of skeletal muscle, ventral - conscious thought and visuospatial function |
| LLC.HP.PN.RP | Rostral Pontine Nucleus | nucleus | LLI | Part of learning, motivation, spatial memory pathway | Relay from mammillary body to CR |
| LLC.HP.PRF.PDT | Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LLI | Mediate saccadic eye movements | Inactivation leads to deficit of expression, but not learning |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| LLC.HP.CR.CC | LLC.HP.CR.DN | allocortex-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.HP.PN.RP | LLC.HP.CR.DN | nucleus-nucleus | [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)] |
| LLC.HP.PRF.PDT | LLC.HP.CR.CC | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | LLC.HP.CR.DN | NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL | Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex | [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (CR -> LPFC, abstract)] |
| NMA | LLC.HP.CR.DN | NMA.FD.TH.VL | Ventral Lateral Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [relationships (s1VL -> VL, abstract)] |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FEC | LLC.HP.CR.DN | FEC.FD.TH.RIL | Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC | LLC.HP.CR.DN | LLC.HP.CR.GN | Globose Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Spinocerebellar Learning
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LLC.FD.TH.SF | Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus | LUS | Relays from PAG to Rhape nuclei, Inferior olive nucleus | |
| LLC.HM.ARC | Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla | nucleus | LLI | Relay cardiorepriratory proprioception to cerebellum | Receives fibers from spinothalamic tract and sends to CR; controlling respiratory frequency; chemosensitivity and cardiorespiratory activity |
| LLC.HM.IO | Inferior Olivary Nucleus | nucleus | LLI | Proprioception Relay from Spinal Cord to Cerebellum | |
| LLC.HM.RF.MLRN | Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular | nucleus | LLI | spinal cord projections to cerebellum, cervical | from RD; medial, magnocellular portion, immediately adjacent to lateral - to vermis; rest of magnocellular subnucleus sends its projections to hemisphere regions of cerebellum |
| LLC.HM.RF.PLRN | Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular | nucleus | LLI | spinal cord projections to cerebellum, thoracolumbar | from RD; lateral, parvocellular portion of LRN send most their projections to vermis of cerebellum |
| LLC.HP.PN.PBB | Pontobulbar Body | nucleus | LLI | Relay neck proprioception to cerebellum | Walking, speaking, breathing, part of corticopontocerebellar pathway |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| LLC.FD.TH.SF | LLC.HM.IO | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NMA | LLC.HP.PN.PBB | NMA.NC.MC | Motor Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (MC -> PN, abstract)] |
| Subcortical | |||||
| LLC | LLC.HM.IO | LLC.MM.RD | Red Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.SC.IZ.CCV | Central Cervical Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC.HM.RF.MLRN | LLC.MM.RD | Red Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC.HM.RF.PLRN | LLC.MM.RD | Red Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC | LLC.FD.TH.SF | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LPC | LLC.HM.ARC | LPC.SC.PH.CL | Clarke Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.HM.IO | LPC.SC.PH.NP | Proprius Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC.HM.RF.PLRN | LPC.SC.IZ.IMM | Intermediomedial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC.HP.PN.PBB | LPC.SC.PH.CL | Clarke Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LRC | LLC.HM.IO | LRC.MM.DSCH | Darkschewitsch Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| LLC | LLC.HM.ARC | LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.HM.IO | LLC.HP.CR.GN | Globose Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC.HM.RF.MLRN | LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC.HM.RF.PLRN | LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC.HP.PN.PBB | LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex | [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)] | |
| LMC | LLC.FD.TH.SF | LMC.MM.RP.DRN | Dorsal Raphe Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LLC.HM.RF.SLRN | Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Subtrigeminal | nucleus | LLI | vestibular input | from lateral vestibular nucleus to vestibulocerebellum |
| LLC.HP.CR.FN | Fastigual Nucleus | nucleus | LLC | rostral - interprets body motion and places it on spatial planes to estimate movement of body through space; caudal - saccadic eye movements |
|
| LLC.HP.CR.VC | Vestibulocerebellum | cortex | LLC | balance and spatial orientation, gait | projects to vestibular nuclei only; equilibrium; tunes balance (stance and gait) and VOR |
| LLC.SC.IZ.CCV | Central Cervical Nucleus | nucleus | LLI | Coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills | Receive neck and vestibular input and project to CR and vestibular nuclei |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| LLC.HM.RF.SLRN | LLC.HP.CR.VC | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.HP.CR.VC | LLC.HP.CR.FN | allocortex-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| LPC | LLC.HM.RF.SLRN | LPC.HP.LVBN | Lateral Vestibular Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.HP.CR.VC | LPC.HP.IVBN | Inferior Vestibular Nuclei | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | |
| LPC.HP.MVBN | Medial Vestibular Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC.SC.IZ.CCV | LPC.PN.SG.UDRG | Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion | ganglion-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NSA | LLC.SC.IZ.CCV | NSA.FD.TH.VPL | Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [relationships (s1P -> P, abstract)] |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FEC | LLC.SC.IZ.CCV | FEC.FD.TH.RIL | Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC | LLC.SC.IZ.CCV | LLC.HM.IO | Inferior Olivary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LPC | LLC.HP.CR.FN | LPC.HP.LVBN | Lateral Vestibular Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | [and smooth movements (CR -> Vestibular, abstract)] |
| LLC.SC.IZ.CCV | LPC.HP.IVBN | Inferior Vestibular Nuclei | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LRC | LLC.HP.CR.FN | LRC.HP.PRF.CRF | Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [Vision (CR -> RF, abstract)] |
| LRC.MM.PT.PR | Principal Pretectal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC.MM.SC.INT | Intermediate Superior Colliculus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Spinocerebellar Locomotion
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LLC.HP.CR.EN | Emboliform Nucleus | nucleus | LLC | Modulate motor functions of Red Nucleus | Trigeminocerebellar tract |
| LLC.HP.CR.GN | Globose Nucleus | nucleus | LLC | Modulate motor functions of Red Nucleus | |
| LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | cortex | LLC | fine-tune body and limb movements | medial zone of anterior and posterior lobes; fastigial and interpositus nuclei; tunes and adjusts ongoing movements and muscle tone |
| LLC.MM.RD | Red Nucleus | nucleus | LLE | Motor coordination | Crawling of babies is controlled by RN |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| LLC.HP.CR.EN | LLC.HP.CR.GN | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.MM.RD | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC.HP.CR.GN | LLC.MM.RD | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.HP.CR.SC | LLC.HP.CR.EN | allocortex-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.HP.CR.GN | allocortex-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | LLC.MM.RD | NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FEC | LLC.MM.RD | FEC.FT.SNC.LT | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral | nucleus-nucleus-DA | (unknown reference) |
| LLC | LLC.HP.CR.GN | LLC.HM.IO | Inferior Olivary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.HP.CR.DN | Dentate Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC.HP.CR.SC | LLC.HM.ARC | Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC.HM.IO | Inferior Olivary Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC.HM.RF.MLRN | Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC.HM.RF.PLRN | Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC.HP.PN.PBB | Pontobulbar Body | nucleus-allocortex | [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)] | ||
| LMC | LLC.HP.CR.SC | LMC.HM.RP.OB | Raphe Obscurus Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | Pontine Raphe Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC | LLC.HP.CR.SC | LPC.HM.ACU | Accessory Cuneate Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.HM.CU | Cuneate Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC.SC.IZ.CBS | Centrobasalis Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC.SC.IZ.IMM | Intermediomedial Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC.SC.PH.CL | Clarke Nucleus | nucleus-allocortex | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FEC | LLC.HP.CR.EN | FEC.FD.TH.CM | Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC | LLC.MM.RD | LLC.HM.IO | Inferior Olivary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LLC.HM.RF.MLRN | Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC.HM.RF.PLRN | Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC | LLC.MM.RD | LPC.SC.VH.PL | Posterolateral Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.SC.VH.PM | Posteromedial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LLC.HP.CR.GN | LRC.MM.DSCH | Darkschewitsch Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LRC.MM.SC.DEEP | Deep Superior Colliculus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- [relationships] - see [[1]]
- [Body] (unknown reference)
- [saccades and smooth pursuit movements] - see [[2]]
References
(generated)
