BrainAreaLLC

Locomotion Control Area

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Local Circuits

(generated)

|| ID || Name || Regions || || LGP || Gait and Posture Control || LLC.MM.CNF, LLC.MM.SCNF || || LLC || Cerebrocerebellar Locomotion || LLC.HP.CR.CC, LLC.HP.CR.DN, LLC.HP.PN.RP, LLC.HP.PRF.PDT || || LLL || Spinocerebellar Learning || LLC.FD.TH.SF, LLC.HM.ARC, LLC.HM.IO, LLC.HM.RF.MLRN, LLC.HM.RF.PLRN, LLC.HP.PN.PBB || || LLP || Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion || LLC.HM.RF.SLRN, LLC.HP.CR.FN, LLC.HP.CR.VC, LLC.SC.IZ.CCV || || LLS || Spinocerebellar Locomotion || LLC.HP.CR.EN, LLC.HP.CR.GN, LLC.HP.CR.SC, LLC.MM.RD ||

Gait and Posture Control

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || LLC.MM.CNF || Cuneiform Nucleus || nucleus || LLE || Passive coping strategy to novel, painful or threatening stimuli || modulatory nucleus; medial part of midbrain RF || || LLC.MM.SCNF || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus || LLE || Initiation of gait, feedback control of saccade accuracy || contributes to generation of estimate of target or
eye position coded in craniotopic coordinates ||

• Internal Region Connections:*
• no connections

• External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || LPC || LLC.MM.CNF || LPC.SC.PH.CL || Clarke Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LRC || LLC.MM.SCNF || LRC.HM.NPH || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LRC.HP.PRF.GCR || Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LRC.MM.RP.RIP || Raphe Interpositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||

• External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || LAC || LLC.MM.CNF || LAC.HM.VGN || Vagus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LMC || LLC.MM.SCNF || LMC.HM.RP.MG || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LMC.HP.RP.PRN || Pontine Raphe Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LRC || LLC.MM.CNF || LRC.HP.PN.KFN || Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LRC.HP.PRF.GCR || Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||

Cerebrocerebellar Locomotion

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || LLC.HP.CR.CC || Cerebrocerebellum || cortex || LLC || planning movement that is about to occur, evaluating sensory information for
action, handles intentions || lateral zone of anterior and posterior lobes;
dentate nucleus; receives input exclusively from
cerebral cortex (especially parietal lobe) via
pontine nuclei (forming cortico-ponto-cerebellar
pathways), and sends output mainly to ventrolateral
thalamus and to red nucleus; add skill to movements || || LLC.HP.CR.DN || Dentate Nucleus || nucleus || LLC || planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements || dorsal - movement of skeletal muscle, ventral -
conscious thought and visuospatial function || || LLC.HP.PN.RP || Rostral Pontine Nucleus || nucleus || LLI || Part of learning, motivation, spatial memory pathway || Relay from mammillary body to CR || || LLC.HP.PRF.PDT || Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LLI || Mediate saccadic eye movements || Inactivation leads to deficit of expression, but
not learning ||

• Internal Region Connections:*

|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || LLC.HP.CR.CC || LLC.HP.CR.DN || allocortex-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || LLC.HP.PN.RP || LLC.HP.CR.DN || nucleus-nucleus || [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)] || || LLC.HP.PRF.PDT || LLC.HP.CR.CC || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) ||

• External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NDM || LLC.HP.PRF.PDT || NDM.NC.AL.VACG || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || [Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)] || || NMA || LLC.HP.PRF.PDT || NMA.NC.MC || Motor Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || [visual system (FrontalCortex -> RF, abstract)] || || || || NMA.NC.SMC.F3 || Supplementary Motor Area || neocortex-nucleus || [Control (M2 -> RF, abstract)] || || NPE || LLC.HP.PRF.PDT || NPE.NC.BRA.PO || Broca's Area Pars Opercularis || neocortex-nucleus || [Control (Broca -> RF, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FMM || LLC.HP.PN.RP || FMM.FD.MB.MMB || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (HT -> PN, abstract)] || || || LLC.HP.PRF.PDT || FMM.FD.MB.LMB || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Body (LMB -> RTG)] || || || || FMM.FD.MB.MMB || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Body (MMB -> RTG)] || || LAC || LLC.HP.PN.RP || LAC.FD.HT.RCH || Retrochiasmatic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (HT -> PN, abstract)] || || LRC || LLC.HP.CR.CC || LRC.HP.PRF.RPO || Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex || [and smooth movements (DLPN -> CR, abstract)] || || || LLC.HP.PRF.PDT || LRC.MM.SC.DEEP || Deep Superior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus || [and Extyrageniculate Paths (SC -> RF, abstract)] ||

• External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NDM || LLC.HP.CR.DN || NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL || Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (CR -> LPFC, abstract)] || || NMA || LLC.HP.CR.DN || NMA.FD.TH.VL || Ventral Lateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [relationships (s1VL -> VL, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FEC || LLC.HP.CR.DN || FEC.FD.TH.RIL || Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LLC || LLC.HP.CR.DN || LLC.HP.CR.GN || Globose Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||

Spinocerebellar Learning

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || LLC.FD.TH.SF || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus || LUS || Relays from PAG to Rhape nuclei, Inferior olive nucleus || || || LLC.HM.ARC || Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla || nucleus || LLI || Relay cardiorepriratory proprioception to cerebellum || Receives fibers from spinothalamic tract and sends
to CR; controlling respiratory frequency;
chemosensitivity and cardiorespiratory activity || || LLC.HM.IO || Inferior Olivary Nucleus || nucleus || LLI || Proprioception Relay from Spinal Cord to Cerebellum || || || LLC.HM.RF.MLRN || Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular || nucleus || LLI || spinal cord projections to cerebellum, cervical || from RD; medial, magnocellular portion, immediately
adjacent to lateral - to vermis; rest of
magnocellular subnucleus sends its projections to
hemisphere regions of cerebellum || || LLC.HM.RF.PLRN || Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular || nucleus || LLI || spinal cord projections to cerebellum, thoracolumbar || from RD; lateral, parvocellular portion of LRN send
most their projections to vermis of cerebellum || || LLC.HP.PN.PBB || Pontobulbar Body || nucleus || LLI || Relay neck proprioception to cerebellum || Walking, speaking, breathing, part of
corticopontocerebellar pathway ||

• Internal Region Connections:*

|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || LLC.FD.TH.SF || LLC.HM.IO || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) ||

• External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NMA || LLC.HP.PN.PBB || NMA.NC.MC || Motor Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (MC -> PN, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || LLC || LLC.HM.IO || LLC.MM.RD || Red Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LLC.SC.IZ.CCV || Central Cervical Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HM.RF.MLRN || LLC.MM.RD || Red Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HM.RF.PLRN || LLC.MM.RD || Red Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LMC || LLC.FD.TH.SF || LMC.MM.PAG || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || || LPC || LLC.HM.ARC || LPC.SC.PH.CL || Clarke Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HM.IO || LPC.SC.PH.NP || Proprius Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HM.RF.PLRN || LPC.SC.IZ.IMM || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HP.PN.PBB || LPC.SC.PH.CL || Clarke Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LRC || LLC.HM.IO || LRC.MM.DSCH || Darkschewitsch Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||

• External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || LLC || LLC.HM.ARC || LLC.HP.CR.SC || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HM.IO || LLC.HP.CR.GN || Globose Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LLC.HP.CR.SC || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HM.RF.MLRN || LLC.HP.CR.SC || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HM.RF.PLRN || LLC.HP.CR.SC || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HP.PN.PBB || LLC.HP.CR.SC || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex || [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)] || || LMC || LLC.FD.TH.SF || LMC.MM.RP.DRN || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) ||

Vestibulocerebellar Locomotion

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || LLC.HM.RF.SLRN || Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Subtrigeminal || nucleus || LLI || vestibular input || from lateral vestibular nucleus to
vestibulocerebellum || || LLC.HP.CR.FN || Fastigual Nucleus || nucleus || LLC || rostral - interprets body motion and places it on spatial planes to estimate
movement of body through space; caudal - saccadic eye movements || || || LLC.HP.CR.VC || Vestibulocerebellum || cortex || LLC || balance and spatial orientation, gait || projects to vestibular nuclei only; equilibrium;
tunes balance (stance and gait) and VOR || || LLC.SC.IZ.CCV || Central Cervical Nucleus || nucleus || LLI || Coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills || Receive neck and vestibular input and project to CR
and vestibular nuclei ||

• Internal Region Connections:*

|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || LLC.HM.RF.SLRN || LLC.HP.CR.VC || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || LLC.HP.CR.VC || LLC.HP.CR.FN || allocortex-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) ||

• External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || LPC || LLC.HM.RF.SLRN || LPC.HP.LVBN || Lateral Vestibular Nuclei || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HP.CR.VC || LPC.HP.IVBN || Inferior Vestibular Nuclei || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.HP.MVBN || Medial Vestibular Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.SC.IZ.CCV || LPC.PN.SG.UDRG || Upper Dorsal Root Ganglion || ganglion-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||

• External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NSA || LLC.SC.IZ.CCV || NSA.FD.TH.VPL || Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [relationships (s1P -> P, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FEC || LLC.SC.IZ.CCV || FEC.FD.TH.RIL || Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LLC || LLC.SC.IZ.CCV || LLC.HM.IO || Inferior Olivary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LPC || LLC.HP.CR.FN || LPC.HP.LVBN || Lateral Vestibular Nuclei || nucleus-nucleus || [and smooth movements (CR -> Vestibular, abstract)] || || || LLC.SC.IZ.CCV || LPC.HP.IVBN || Inferior Vestibular Nuclei || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LRC || LLC.HP.CR.FN || LRC.HP.PRF.CRF || Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Vision (CR -> RF, abstract)] || || || || LRC.MM.PT.PR || Principal Pretectal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LRC.MM.SC.INT || Intermediate Superior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||

Spinocerebellar Locomotion

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || LLC.HP.CR.EN || Emboliform Nucleus || nucleus || LLC || Modulate motor functions of Red Nucleus || Trigeminocerebellar tract || || LLC.HP.CR.GN || Globose Nucleus || nucleus || LLC || Modulate motor functions of Red Nucleus || || || LLC.HP.CR.SC || Spinocerebellum || cortex || LLC || fine-tune body and limb movements || medial zone of anterior and posterior lobes;
fastigial and interpositus nuclei; tunes and
adjusts ongoing movements and muscle tone || || LLC.MM.RD || Red Nucleus || nucleus || LLE || Motor coordination || Crawling of babies is controlled by RN ||

• Internal Region Connections:*

|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || LLC.HP.CR.EN || LLC.HP.CR.GN || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.MM.RD || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LLC.HP.CR.GN || LLC.MM.RD || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LLC.HP.CR.SC || LLC.HP.CR.EN || allocortex-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HP.CR.GN || allocortex-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) ||

• External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NDM || LLC.MM.RD || NDM.NC.AL.VACG || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FEC || LLC.MM.RD || FEC.FT.SNC.LT || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral || nucleus-nucleus-DA || (unknown reference) || || LLC || LLC.HP.CR.GN || LLC.HM.IO || Inferior Olivary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LLC.HP.CR.DN || Dentate Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LLC.HP.CR.SC || LLC.HM.ARC || Arcuate Nucleus of Medulla || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || LLC.HM.IO || Inferior Olivary Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || LLC.HM.RF.MLRN || Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || LLC.HM.RF.PLRN || Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || LLC.HP.PN.PBB || Pontobulbar Body || nucleus-allocortex || [Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PN -> CR, abstract)] || || LMC || LLC.HP.CR.SC || LMC.HM.RP.OB || Raphe Obscurus Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) || || || || LMC.HP.RP.PRN || Pontine Raphe Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) || || LPC || LLC.HP.CR.SC || LPC.HM.ACU || Accessory Cuneate Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.HM.CU || Cuneate Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.SC.IZ.CBS || Centrobasalis Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.SC.IZ.IMM || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.SC.PH.CL || Clarke Nucleus || nucleus-allocortex || (unknown reference) ||

• External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FEC || LLC.HP.CR.EN || FEC.FD.TH.CM || Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LLC || LLC.MM.RD || LLC.HM.IO || Inferior Olivary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LLC.HM.RF.MLRN || Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Magnocellular || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LLC.HM.RF.PLRN || Lateral Reticular Nucleus, Parvocellular || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LPC || LLC.MM.RD || LPC.SC.VH.PL || Posterolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.SC.VH.PM || Posteromedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LRC || LLC.HP.CR.GN || LRC.MM.DSCH || Darkschewitsch Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LRC.MM.SC.DEEP || Deep Superior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• [relationships] - see [[1]]

• [Body] (unknown reference)

• [saccades and smooth pursuit movements] - see [[2]]

References

(generated)

• http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987