BrainAreaNPE

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Polymodal Execution Area

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Local Circuits

(generated)

|| ID || Name || Regions || || AES || Execution by Auditory Inputs || NPE.NC.BRA.PO, NPE.NC.BRA.PT, NPE.NC.IPL.SMW, NPE.NC.STG.PAI || || GRC || Grasping Control || NPE.FD.TH.OPV, NPE.NC.IPS.MIP, NPE.NC.SPL.PF, NPE.NC.SPL.SA || || NPS || Execution by Motion Inputs || NPE.FD.TH.MPV, NPE.NC.IPL.MST || || ORV || Orienting by Visual Stimuli || NPE.NC.IPS.LIP, NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL, NPE.NC.OCC.V3D, NPE.NC.OCC.V3V || || SEC || Subcortical Execution Control || NPE.FD.TH.LP, NPE.NC.SPL.PG ||

Execution by Auditory Inputs

unavailable

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || NPE.NC.BRA.PO || Broca's Area Pars Opercularis || cortex, BA 44 || NEU || Speech Engine || Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus || || NPE.NC.BRA.PT || Broca's Area Pars Triangularis || cortex, BA 45 || NEU || Language production and prefrontal associational integration, propositional
language comprehension || Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus, switching
between semantic sub-categories in word retrieval || || NPE.NC.IPL.SMW || Supramarginal Wernike Cortex || cortex, BA 40 || NEU || Phonological and articulatory processing of words || PF, Computing sound of word, tactile learning and
memory || || NPE.NC.STG.PAI || Parainsular Area || cortex, BA 52 || NEU || Medial auditory stream || Major projects to PFC multi-modal associations,
auditory to insula ||

  • Internal Region Connections:*

|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || NPE.NC.BRA.PT || NPE.NC.IPL.SMW || neocortex-neocortex || [Auditory System (IFC44 -> IPL40, abstract)] || || NPE.NC.STG.PAI || NPE.NC.IPL.SMW || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference) ||

  • External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || NPE.NC.BRA.PO || NCP.NC.TPC || Temporopolar Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Regions (TC -> BA45, abstract)] || || NPE || NPE.NC.IPL.SMW || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || Medial Superior Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract)] || || NSA || NPE.NC.BRA.PT || NSA.NC.STG.A3 || Wernicke's area A3 || neocortex-neocortex || [Auditory System (STS22 -> IFC45, abstract)] || || || || NSA.NC.STG.A4 || Wernicke's area A4 || neocortex-neocortex || [Regions (pSTC -> BA44, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.IPL.SMW || NSA.NC.IPS.VIP || Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> IPL, abstract)] || || || || NSA.NC.PG.S2 || Secondary Somatosensory Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference) || || || || NSA.NC.STG.A3 || Wernicke's area A3 || neocortex-neocortex || [Connectivity (AA -> PTHA, abstract)] || || || || NSA.NC.STG.A4 || Wernicke's area A4 || neocortex-neocortex || [Auditory System (AC22 -> IPL40, abstract)] || || || || NSA.NC.TTG.A1 || Primary Auditory Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Auditory Processing (A1 -> PPC, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.STG.PAI || NSA.FD.TH.VPM || Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus || nucleus-neocortex || (unknown reference) ||

  • External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NMA || NPE.NC.BRA.PO || NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF || Anterior Frontal Eye Field || neocortex-neocortex || [Auditory System (IFC44 -> PMC8, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.IPL.SMW || NMA.NC.PMC.F2 || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Auditory Processing (PPC -> DLPFC, abstract)] || || || || NMA.NC.PMC.F4 || Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || LLC || NPE.NC.BRA.PO || LLC.HP.PRF.PDT || Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus || neocortex-nucleus || [Control (Broca -> RF, abstract)] || || LRC || NPE.NC.BRA.PO || LRC.HP.PRF.RPO || Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus || neocortex-nucleus || [Control (Broca -> RF, abstract)] ||

Grasping Control

unavailable

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || NPE.FD.TH.OPV || Oral Pulvinar || nucleus || NEU || Somatosensory functions || Thalamus, connected with parietal cortex, anterior
pulvinar || || NPE.NC.IPS.MIP || Medial Intraparietal Sulcus || cortex, BA 39 || NEU || Encode location of reach target in nose-centered coordinates || || || NPE.NC.SPL.PF || Rostral Precuneus || cortex, BA 07 || NEU || Spatial orientation, representation of the self || rostral, 7B=PF, heavy somatosensory input || || NPE.NC.SPL.SA || Somatosensory Association Cortex || cortex, BA 05 || NPU || Locating objects in space || PE, somatosensory, guiding movement by providing
information about limb position ||

  • Internal Region Connections:*

|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || NPE.FD.TH.OPV || NPE.NC.SPL.PF || nucleus-neocortex || [visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)] ||

  • External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NMA || NPE.NC.SPL.SA || NMA.NC.PMC.F7 || Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Connectivity (MA -> SA, abstract)] || || NPE || NPE.FD.TH.OPV || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || Caudal Precuneus || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || NSA || NPE.FD.TH.OPV || NSA.NC.PG.S1 || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || NPE.NC.IPS.MIP || NSA.NC.IT.TEO || Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [Visual Cortex Paths (IT -> IPS, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.SPL.PF || NSA.NC.IPS.VIP || Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [Association Cortex (VIP -> 7b)] || || || || NSA.NC.PG.S2 || Secondary Somatosensory Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference) || || || NPE.NC.SPL.SA || NSA.NC.PG.PV || Parietal Ventral Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference) || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FEC || NPE.NC.SPL.SA || FEC.FD.TH.RIL || Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus || nucleus-neocortex || (unknown reference) ||

  • External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || NPE.NC.IPS.MIP || NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference) || || || NPE.NC.SPL.PF || NCP.NC.MPL.RSC || Retrosplenial Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference) || || || NPE.NC.SPL.SA || NCP.NC.INS.PIC || Posterior Insular Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference) || || NDM || NPE.NC.SPL.PF || NDM.NC.AL.DACG || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-neocortex || [visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.SPL.SA || NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM || Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Connectivity (SA -> PFC, abstract)] || || NMA || NPE.NC.SPL.PF || NMA.NC.PMC.F2 || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.SPL.SA || NMA.NC.PMC.F2 || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)] || || NPE || NPE.NC.IPS.MIP || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || Caudal Precuneus || neocortex-neocortex || [Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> SPL, abstract)] || || NSA || NPE.NC.SPL.PF || NSA.NC.PO.PCC || Precentral Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || (unknown reference) || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FMM || NPE.NC.SPL.PF || FMM.FD.TH.LD || Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus || neocortex-nucleus || [relationships (sLD -> LD, abstract)] ||

Execution by Motion Inputs

unavailable

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || NPE.FD.TH.MPV || Medial Pulvinar || nucleus || NEU || Integration of associative cortical information and projects to
visuomotor-related cortex || CG, PMC, PFC connections || || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || Medial Superior Temporal Area || cortex, BA 39 || NEU || Image stabilization, predictive target tracking || PG, Ventro-dorsal stream ||

  • Internal Region Connections:*
  • no connections
  • External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NSA || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || NSA.FD.TH.IPV || Inferior Pulvinar || nucleus-neocortex || [visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)] || || || || NSA.NC.OCC.MT || Middle Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> MST)] || || || || NSA.NC.OCC.PO || Parietooccipital Area || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (PO -> MST)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || NPE.FD.TH.MPV || FAM.FD.TH.PT || Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> mPULV, abstract)] || || FMM || NPE.FD.TH.MPV || FMM.NC.PH.PER || Perirhinal Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (Perirhinal -> mPULV)] || || || || FMM.NC.PH.PRS || Presubiculum || neocortex-nucleus || [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (Presub -> mPULV)] || || LPC || NPE.FD.TH.MPV || LPC.FD.RT || Retina || ganglion-nucleus || [and superior colliculus targets (Retina -> Pulvinar, abstract)] || || LRC || NPE.FD.TH.MPV || LRC.MM.PT.PTA || Anterior Pretectum Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LRC.MM.PT.SL || Sublentiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||

  • External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || NPE.FD.TH.MPV || NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> PosteriorCingulate, abstract)] || || NDM || NPE.FD.TH.MPV || NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL || Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)] || || || || NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL || Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex || [Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || NDM.NC.AL.DACG || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-neocortex || [visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)] || || || || NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR || Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Connectivity (PTHA -> PFC, abstract)] || || NMA || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || NMA.NC.PMC.F4 || Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)] || || NPE || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || NPE.NC.IPL.SMW || Supramarginal Wernike Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract)] || || || || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || Caudal Precuneus || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FMM || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || FMM.FT.HC.CA3D || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || neocortex-allocortex || [of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> CA1, abstract)] || || || || FMM.NC.PH.POR || Postrhinal Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Direction Cell Circuit (PC -> PRHC, abstract)] || || LRC || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || LRC.MM.SC.SUP || Superficial Superior Colliculus || neocortex-nucleus || [visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)] ||

Orienting by Visual Stimuli

unavailable

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || NPE.NC.IPS.LIP || Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus || cortex, BA 39 || NEU || Representing saliency of spatial locations, and attention to locations || Targeting eye movements || || NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL || Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe || cortex || NEU || Extract form features || || || NPE.NC.OCC.V3D || Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex || cortex || NEU || Processing of global motion, orientation || || || NPE.NC.OCC.V3V || Ventral Associative Visual Cortex || cortex || NEU || Processing of dynamic shapes || ||

  • Internal Region Connections:*

|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL || NPE.NC.OCC.V3V || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V2 -> V3, abstract)] || || NPE.NC.OCC.V3D || NPE.NC.IPS.LIP || neocortex-neocortex || [Control of Grasping (VC -> PIP, abstract)] ||

  • External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NSA || NPE.NC.IPS.LIP || NSA.NC.OCC.MT || Middle Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> LIP)] || || || || NSA.NC.OCC.PO || Parietooccipital Area || neocortex-neocortex || [Association Cortex (V6 -> LIP)] || || || NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL || NSA.NC.OCC.V1 || Primary Visual Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Connectivity (V1 -> VA, abstract)] ||

  • External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NMA || NPE.NC.IPS.LIP || NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF || Caudal Frontal Eye Field || neocortex-neocortex || [of eye movement control (PEF -> FEF, abstract)] || || || || NMA.NC.PMC.F7 || Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)] || || NSA || NPE.NC.IPS.LIP || NSA.NC.IPS.AIP || Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [Control of Grasping (PIP -> AIP, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.OCC.V3D || NSA.NC.OCC.MT || Middle Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> MT, abstract)] || || || || NSA.NC.OCC.PO || Parietooccipital Area || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> PO, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.OCC.V3V || NSA.NC.OCC.V4D || Dorsal Visual Area V4 || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> V4, abstract)] || || || || NSA.NC.OCC.V4V || Ventral Visual Area V4 || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> V4, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || LRC || NPE.NC.IPS.LIP || LRC.MM.CJ || Cajal Nucleus || neocortex-nucleus || [Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)] || || || || LRC.MM.RIMLF || Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF || neocortex-nucleus || [Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)] || || || || LRC.MM.SC.SUP || Superficial Superior Colliculus || neocortex-nucleus || [of eye movement control (PEF -> SC, abstract)] || || || NPE.NC.OCC.V3D || LRC.MM.CJ || Cajal Nucleus || neocortex-nucleus || [blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)] || || || || LRC.MM.RIMLF || Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF || neocortex-nucleus || [blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)] ||

Subcortical Execution Control

unavailable

|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || NPE.FD.TH.LP || Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus || NEU || Visual association cortex || From superior colliculus, pretectum || || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || Caudal Precuneus || cortex, BA 07 || NEU || Controlling spatially guided behavior with respect to visual and tactile
information || caudal, 7A=PG+Opt ||

  • Internal Region Connections:*

|| Source Region || Target Region || Type || Reference || || NPE.FD.TH.LP || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || nucleus-neocortex || [relationships (LP -> pLP, abstract)] ||

  • External Inbound Region Connections:*

|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NPE || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || NPE.NC.IPL.MST || Medial Superior Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)] || || || || NPE.NC.IPS.MIP || Medial Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> SPL, abstract)] || || NSA || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || NSA.NC.IPS.VIP || Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus || neocortex-neocortex || [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (VIP -> 7a)] || || || || NSA.NC.OCC.MT || Middle Temporal Area || neocortex-neocortex || [Association Cortex (V5A -> 7a)] || || || || NSA.NC.OCC.PO || Parietooccipital Area || neocortex-neocortex || [Association Cortex (V6 -> 7a)] || || || || NSA.NC.PG.S1 || Primary Somatosensory Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Spatial Processing Network (SomSensCortex -> PosteriorParietalCortex)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FEC || NPE.FD.TH.LP || FEC.FT.GPI.DL || Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)] || || LRC || NPE.FD.TH.LP || LRC.MM.PT.PTA || Anterior Pretectum Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LRC.MM.PT.SL || Sublentiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LRC.MM.SC.SUP || Superficial Superior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus || [relationships (sLP -> LP, abstract)] ||

  • External Outbound Region Connections:*

|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || NCP.NC.MPL.RSC || Retrosplenial Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Spatial Processing Network (PosteriorParietalCortex -> PCGRSP, abstract)] || || NMA || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || NMA.NC.PMC.F2 || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || neocortex-neocortex || [Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)] || || || || NMA.NC.SMC.SEF || Supplementary Eye Field || neocortex-neocortex || [Planning (PPC -> SMC, abstract)] || || NPE || NPE.NC.SPL.PG || NPE.FD.TH.OPV || Oral Pulvinar || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||

Thirdparty Circuits

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References

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