BrainAreaNPE

Polymodal Execution Area

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Local Circuits

(generated)

ID	Name	Regions
AES	Execution by Auditory Inputs	NPE.NC.BRA.PO, NPE.NC.BRA.PT, NPE.NC.IPL.SMW, NPE.NC.STG.PAI
GRC	Grasping Control	NPE.FD.TH.OPV, NPE.NC.IPS.MIP, NPE.NC.SPL.PF, NPE.NC.SPL.SA
NPS	Execution by Motion Inputs	NPE.FD.TH.MPV, NPE.NC.IPL.MST
ORV	Orienting by Visual Stimuli	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP, NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL, NPE.NC.OCC.V3D, NPE.NC.OCC.V3V
SEC	Subcortical Execution Control	NPE.FD.TH.LP, NPE.NC.SPL.PG

Execution by Auditory Inputs

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NPE.NC.BRA.PO	Broca's Area Pars Opercularis	cortex, BA 44	NEU	Speech Engine	Orbital Inferior Frontal Gyrus
NPE.NC.BRA.PT	Broca's Area Pars Triangularis	cortex, BA 45	NEU	Language production and prefrontal associational integration, propositional language comprehension	Triangular Inferior Frontal Gyrus, switching between semantic sub-categories in word retrieval
NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	Supramarginal Wernike Cortex	cortex, BA 40	NEU	Phonological and articulatory processing of words	PF, Computing sound of word, tactile learning and memory
NPE.NC.STG.PAI	Parainsular Area	cortex, BA 52	NEU	Medial auditory stream	Major projects to PFC multi-modal associations, auditory to insula

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
NPE.NC.BRA.PT	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	neocortex-neocortex	[Auditory System (IFC44 -> IPL40, abstract)]
NPE.NC.STG.PAI	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	NPE.NC.BRA.PO	NCP.NC.TPC	Temporopolar Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Regions (TC -> BA45, abstract)]
NPE	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	Medial Superior Temporal Area	neocortex-neocortex	[Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract)]
NSA	NPE.NC.BRA.PT	NSA.NC.STG.A3	Wernicke's area A3	neocortex-neocortex	[Auditory System (STS22 -> IFC45, abstract)]
		NSA.NC.STG.A4	Wernicke's area A4	neocortex-neocortex	[Regions (pSTC -> BA44, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	NSA.NC.IPS.VIP	Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	[Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> IPL, abstract)]
		NSA.NC.PG.S2	Secondary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
		NSA.NC.STG.A3	Wernicke's area A3	neocortex-neocortex	[Connectivity (AA -> PTHA, abstract)]
		NSA.NC.STG.A4	Wernicke's area A4	neocortex-neocortex	[Auditory System (AC22 -> IPL40, abstract)]
		NSA.NC.TTG.A1	Primary Auditory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Auditory Processing (A1 -> PPC, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.STG.PAI	NSA.FD.TH.VPM	Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus	nucleus-neocortex	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	NPE.NC.BRA.PO	NMA.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-neocortex	[Auditory System (IFC44 -> PMC8, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Auditory Processing (PPC -> DLPFC, abstract)]
		NMA.NC.PMC.F4	Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)]
Subcortical
LLC	NPE.NC.BRA.PO	LLC.HP.PRF.PDT	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	[Control (Broca -> RF, abstract)]
LRC	NPE.NC.BRA.PO	LRC.HP.PRF.RPO	Oral Pontine Reticular Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	[Control (Broca -> RF, abstract)]

Grasping Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NPE.FD.TH.OPV	Oral Pulvinar	nucleus	NEU	Somatosensory functions	Thalamus, connected with parietal cortex, anterior pulvinar
NPE.NC.IPS.MIP	Medial Intraparietal Sulcus	cortex, BA 39	NEU	Encode location of reach target in nose-centered coordinates
NPE.NC.SPL.PF	Rostral Precuneus	cortex, BA 07	NEU	Spatial orientation, representation of the self	rostral, 7B=PF, heavy somatosensory input
NPE.NC.SPL.SA	Somatosensory Association Cortex	cortex, BA 05	NPU	Locating objects in space	PE, somatosensory, guiding movement by providing information about limb position

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
NPE.FD.TH.OPV	NPE.NC.SPL.PF	nucleus-neocortex	[visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)]

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	NPE.NC.SPL.SA	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Connectivity (MA -> SA, abstract)]
NPE	NPE.FD.TH.OPV	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	Caudal Precuneus	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
NSA	NPE.FD.TH.OPV	NSA.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
	NPE.NC.IPS.MIP	NSA.NC.IT.TEO	Preoccipital Inferotemporal Area	neocortex-neocortex	[Visual Cortex Paths (IT -> IPS, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.SPL.PF	NSA.NC.IPS.VIP	Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	[Association Cortex (VIP -> 7b)]
		NSA.NC.PG.S2	Secondary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NPE.NC.SPL.SA	NSA.NC.PG.PV	Parietal Ventral Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
Subcortical
FEC	NPE.NC.SPL.SA	FEC.FD.TH.RIL	Rostral Intralaminar Nuclear Group of Thalamus	nucleus-neocortex	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	NPE.NC.IPS.MIP	NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG	Posterior Cingulate Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NPE.NC.SPL.PF	NCP.NC.MPL.RSC	Retrosplenial Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NPE.NC.SPL.SA	NCP.NC.INS.PIC	Posterior Insular Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NDM	NPE.NC.SPL.PF	NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-neocortex	[visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.SPL.SA	NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM	Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Connectivity (SA -> PFC, abstract)]
NMA	NPE.NC.SPL.PF	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.SPL.SA	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
NPE	NPE.NC.IPS.MIP	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	Caudal Precuneus	neocortex-neocortex	[Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> SPL, abstract)]
NSA	NPE.NC.SPL.PF	NSA.NC.PO.PCC	Precentral Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
Subcortical
FMM	NPE.NC.SPL.PF	FMM.FD.TH.LD	Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus	neocortex-nucleus	[relationships (sLD -> LD, abstract)]

Execution by Motion Inputs

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NPE.FD.TH.MPV	Medial Pulvinar	nucleus	NEU	Integration of associative cortical information and projects to visuomotor-related cortex	CG, PMC, PFC connections
NPE.NC.IPL.MST	Medial Superior Temporal Area	cortex, BA 39	NEU	Image stabilization, predictive target tracking	PG, Ventro-dorsal stream

Internal Region Connections:

• no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NSA	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	NSA.FD.TH.IPV	Inferior Pulvinar	nucleus-neocortex	[visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)]
		NSA.NC.OCC.MT	Middle Temporal Area	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> MST)]
		NSA.NC.OCC.PO	Parietooccipital Area	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (PO -> MST)]
Subcortical
FAM	NPE.FD.TH.MPV	FAM.FD.TH.PT	Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus-nucleus	[of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (MID -> mPULV, abstract)]
FMM	NPE.FD.TH.MPV	FMM.NC.PH.PER	Perirhinal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	[of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (Perirhinal -> mPULV)]
		FMM.NC.PH.PRS	Presubiculum	neocortex-nucleus	[of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory (Presub -> mPULV)]
LPC	NPE.FD.TH.MPV	LPC.FD.RT	Retina	ganglion-nucleus	[and superior colliculus targets (Retina -> Pulvinar, abstract)]
LRC	NPE.FD.TH.MPV	LRC.MM.PT.PTA	Anterior Pretectum Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.PT.SL	Sublentiform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	NPE.FD.TH.MPV	NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG	Posterior Cingulate Cortex	nucleus-neocortex	[visual system (Pulvinar -> ParietalCortex, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG	Posterior Cingulate Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> PosteriorCingulate, abstract)]
NDM	NPE.FD.TH.MPV	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	nucleus-neocortex	[Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
		NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL	Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex	nucleus-neocortex	[Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-neocortex	[visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
		NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR	Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Connectivity (PTHA -> PFC, abstract)]
NMA	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)]
NPE	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	Supramarginal Wernike Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Dorsal Pathway (MST -> IPL, abstract)]
		NPE.NC.SPL.PG	Caudal Precuneus	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)]
Subcortical
FMM	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	FMM.FT.HC.CA3D	Distal CA1 of Hippocampus	neocortex-allocortex	[of hippocampal region CA3 to consciousness (IPL -> CA1, abstract)]
		FMM.NC.PH.POR	Postrhinal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Direction Cell Circuit (PC -> PRHC, abstract)]
LRC	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	LRC.MM.SC.SUP	Superficial Superior Colliculus	neocortex-nucleus	[visual system (ParietalCortex -> SCi, abstract)]

Orienting by Visual Stimuli

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus	cortex, BA 39	NEU	Representing saliency of spatial locations, and attention to locations	Targeting eye movements
NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL	Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe	cortex	NEU	Extract form features
NPE.NC.OCC.V3D	Dorsal Associative Visual Cortex	cortex	NEU	Processing of global motion, orientation
NPE.NC.OCC.V3V	Ventral Associative Visual Cortex	cortex	NEU	Processing of dynamic shapes

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL	NPE.NC.OCC.V3V	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V2 -> V3, abstract)]
NPE.NC.OCC.V3D	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	neocortex-neocortex	[Control of Grasping (VC -> PIP, abstract)]

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NSA	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	NSA.NC.OCC.MT	Middle Temporal Area	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MT -> LIP)]
		NSA.NC.OCC.PO	Parietooccipital Area	neocortex-neocortex	[Association Cortex (V6 -> LIP)]
	NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL	NSA.NC.OCC.V1	Primary Visual Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Connectivity (V1 -> VA, abstract)]

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	NMA.NC.PMC.CFEF	Caudal Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-neocortex	[of eye movement control (PEF -> FEF, abstract)]
		NMA.NC.PMC.F7	Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
NSA	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	NSA.NC.IPS.AIP	Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	[Control of Grasping (PIP -> AIP, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.OCC.V3D	NSA.NC.OCC.MT	Middle Temporal Area	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> MT, abstract)]
		NSA.NC.OCC.PO	Parietooccipital Area	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> PO, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.OCC.V3V	NSA.NC.OCC.V4D	Dorsal Visual Area V4	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> V4, abstract)]
		NSA.NC.OCC.V4V	Ventral Visual Area V4	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (V3 -> V4, abstract)]
Subcortical
LRC	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	LRC.MM.CJ	Cajal Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	[Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)]
		LRC.MM.RIMLF	Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF	neocortex-nucleus	[Components (VAC -> SOA, abstract)]
		LRC.MM.SC.SUP	Superficial Superior Colliculus	neocortex-nucleus	[of eye movement control (PEF -> SC, abstract)]
	NPE.NC.OCC.V3D	LRC.MM.CJ	Cajal Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	[blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)]
		LRC.MM.RIMLF	Rostral Interstitial Nucleus of MLF	neocortex-nucleus	[blink reflex and pupillary light reflex (VAC -> SupraOculomotor, abstract)]

Subcortical Execution Control

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NPE.FD.TH.LP	Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus	NEU	Visual association cortex	From superior colliculus, pretectum
NPE.NC.SPL.PG	Caudal Precuneus	cortex, BA 07	NEU	Controlling spatially guided behavior with respect to visual and tactile information	caudal, 7A=PG+Opt

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
NPE.FD.TH.LP	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	nucleus-neocortex	[relationships (LP -> pLP, abstract)]

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NPE	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	Medial Superior Temporal Area	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (MST -> 7a)]
		NPE.NC.IPS.MIP	Medial Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	[Visual Cortex Paths (IPS -> SPL, abstract)]
NSA	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	NSA.NC.IPS.VIP	Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	[from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT (VIP -> 7a)]
		NSA.NC.OCC.MT	Middle Temporal Area	neocortex-neocortex	[Association Cortex (V5A -> 7a)]
		NSA.NC.OCC.PO	Parietooccipital Area	neocortex-neocortex	[Association Cortex (V6 -> 7a)]
		NSA.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Spatial Processing Network (SomSensCortex -> PosteriorParietalCortex)]
Subcortical
FEC	NPE.FD.TH.LP	FEC.FT.GPI.DL	Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	[Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)]
LRC	NPE.FD.TH.LP	LRC.MM.PT.PTA	Anterior Pretectum Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.PT.SL	Sublentiform Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LRC.MM.SC.SUP	Superficial Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	[relationships (sLP -> LP, abstract)]

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	NCP.NC.MPL.RSC	Retrosplenial Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Spatial Processing Network (PosteriorParietalCortex -> PCGRSP, abstract)]
NMA	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	[Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)]
		NMA.NC.SMC.SEF	Supplementary Eye Field	neocortex-neocortex	[Planning (PPC -> SMC, abstract)]
NPE	NPE.NC.SPL.PG	NPE.FD.TH.OPV	Oral Pulvinar	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• [Association Cortex] - see [[1]]

• [from Retina to Parietal Cortex and IT] - see [[2]]

• [Connectivity] - see [[3]]

• [Spatial Processing Network] - see [[4]]

• [saccades and smooth pursuit movements] - see [[5]]

• [Vision] - see [[6]]

• [decision-making] - see [[7]]

• [Dorsal Pathway] - see [[8]]

• [and medial views of hemisphere of human] - see [[9]]

• [Receptors] - see [[10]]

• [of Diencephalon to Recognition Memory] - see [[11]]

• [relationships] - see [[12]]

References

(generated)

• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223697010679
• http://thebrain.mcgill.ca/flash/i/i_02/i_02_cr/i_02_cr_vis/i_02_cr_vis.html
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080
• http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v3/n2/fig_tab/nrn726_F3.html
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006899301025987
• http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html
• http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
• http://www.hindawi.com/journals/nri/2012/719056
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393205003568
• http://cercor.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/02/28/cercor.bhs048/F9.expansion.html
• http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/18/6/384/F1.expansion.html
• http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/