Revision as of 19:04, 28 November 2018

Primary Auditory Cortex

@@Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaNSA -> BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1

This page covers biological details of component Primary Auditory Cortex. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

Top-down path to region: Cerebral Cortex -> Temporal Lobe (NC.LOBE.TEMP) -> Transverse Temporal Gyrus (NSA.NC.TTG) -> Primary Auditory Cortex (NSA.NC.TTG.A1) (see Mind Maps)
Type: cortex
Brain area: Neocortical Brain - Sensory Aggregation Area
Brodmann ID: 41
Role: cortex.sensory.primary
Function: Main topotonic map, extract phonemes
Notes to function: Core

(generated)

Components

(generated)

no child items defined

Connectivity

(generated)

NSA.NC.TTG.A1.dot.png

Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
FAM	FAM.FT.AM.BM	Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus	excitatory-glu	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AM -> AC, abstract)
NSA	NSA.FD.TH.MGB	Medial Geniculate Body	excitatory-glu	Thalamocortical relationships (MGN -> pMGN)

Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
LPC	LPC.MM.CIC	Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus	excitatory-glu	Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum (AC -> IC, abstract)
NMA	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex	feedforward-glu	Dual Auditory Processing (A1 -> DLPFC, abstract)
NPE	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	Supramarginal Wernike Cortex	feedforward-glu	Dual Auditory Processing (A1 -> PPC, abstract)
NSA	NSA.NC.STG.A3	Wernicke's area A3	feedforward-glu	Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (A1 -> AA)
	NSA.NC.STG.A4	Wernicke's area A4	feedforward-glu	Vocal Control (A1 -> Wernike)
	NSA.NC.TTG.A2	Auditory Association Area	feedforward-glu	Cortical Auditory System (Core41 -> Belt42)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

Cortical Auditory System - see Reference

map: 
AC22=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4
Belt42=Auditory Association Area,NSA.NC.TTG.A2
Core41=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
IFC44=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
IFC45=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
IPL40=Supramarginal Gyrus,NC.IPL.SMG (see Inferior Parietal Lobule)
PMC6=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see Premotor Cortex)
PMC8=Anterior Frontal Eye Field,NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF
STS22=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3

Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum - see Reference

map: 
AC=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
CN=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei)
IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
MGB=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB
OC=Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC
PM=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)

Five Parallel Auditory Pathways - see Reference

map: 
AC=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
Cochlea=Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR
CochleaGanglion=Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP
DCN=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei)
DNLL=Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus,LPC.HT.PN.LL
GBC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei)
ICC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
ICx=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
LS=Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF
LSO=Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC
MC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei)
MGB=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB
MSO=Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC
OC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei)
SBC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei)
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
VNLL=Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus,LPC.HT.PN.LL
VNTB=Superior Olivary Complex,ABA.MM.SOC.TZ

Echo-Location in Bats - see Reference

map: 
A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
SG=Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG

Dual Auditory Processing - see Reference

map: 
A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
DLPFC=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC (see Premotor Cortex)
PPC=Supramarginal Gyrus,NC.IPL.SMG (see Inferior Parietal Lobule)
ST=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3
VLPFC=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see Premotor Cortex)

Auditory System Model - see Reference

map: 
A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
Cochlea=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei)
CochleaGanglion=Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP
Ear=Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR
IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
MGB=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB
Olive=Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC

Auditory System in Brain - see Reference

map: 
A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
Cochlea=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei)
CochleaGanglion=Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP
Ear=Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR
IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
MGB=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB
Olive=Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC

Vocal Control - see Reference

map: 
A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
Broca=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
M2=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC
MotorV=Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM
MotorVII=Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM
NucleusAmbiguus=Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB
NucleusXII=Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG
Premotor24=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Wernike=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4

Thalamocortical relationships - see Reference

map: 
A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
CM=Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM
LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
LP=Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP
MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus)
MGN=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB
P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see Sensory Thalamus)
VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA
VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL
VPL=Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL
VPM=Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM
pA=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG
pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia)
pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
pLGN=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
pLP=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
pMGN=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
pP=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
pVA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC
pVL=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
pVPL=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
pVPM=Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC
s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
s1MD=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
s1P=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV
s1VL=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see Hypothalamus)
s2MD=Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR
s2P=Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR
s2VL=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
sLD=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
sVA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see Posterior/Dorsal Horn)
sVPM=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL

Cortico-Cortical Connectivity - see Reference

map: 
A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
AA=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3
M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC
MA=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
PTHA=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL
S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
SA=Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA
V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1
VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see Occipital Lobe)

References

(generated)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <pre style="color: green">Primary Auditory Cortex</pre>
 @@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNSA]] -> [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1]]
@@ Line 60: / Line 59: @@
 * [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/images/nn.2331-F5.jpg Cortical Auditory System] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v12/n6/fig_tab/nn.2331_F5.html Reference]
-map: AC22=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4]], Belt42=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A2|Auditory Association Area,NSA.NC.TTG.A2]], Core41=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], IFC44=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA ([[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT)), IFC45=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA ([[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT)), IPL40=Supramarginal Gyrus,NC.IPL.SMG ([[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|Supramarginal Wernike Cortex]] (NPE.NC.IPL.SMW)), PMC6=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC ([[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F5)), PMC8=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_PMC_AFEF|Anterior Frontal Eye Field,NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF]], STS22=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]]
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/93dc9c466b42f33ebd6a47d33a42313f.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+ AC22=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4]]
+ Belt42=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A2|Auditory Association Area,NSA.NC.TTG.A2]]
+ Core41=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ IFC44=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
+ IFC45=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
+ IPL40=Supramarginal Gyrus,NC.IPL.SMG (see [[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule]])
+ PMC6=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
+ PMC8=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_PMC_AFEF|Anterior Frontal Eye Field,NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF]]
+ STS22=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/93dc9c466b42f33ebd6a47d33a42313f.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 * [http://cdn.f1000r.com.s3.amazonaws.com/manuscripts/1181/d6e9eca8-bb85-4382-8286-723b00f8b36f_figure7.gif Visual-Auditory Interactions in Tectum] - see [http://f1000research.com/articles/2-20/v1 Reference]
-map: AC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], AM=[[BrainCenter|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]], CN=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], OC=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]], PM=[[BrainCenter|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]], SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC ([[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP))
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/116326cb2eb32664b3d13f928647d94a.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400 width=400>
+ AC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
+ CN=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
+ IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]]
+ OC=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]]
+ PM=[[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]]
+ SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/116326cb2eb32664b3d13f928647d94a.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400 width=400>
 * [http://lifeboat.com/kurzweil/cochlea.gif Five Parallel Auditory Pathways] - see [http://lifeboat.com/ex/law.of.accelerating.returns Reference]
-map: AC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], Cochlea=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]], CochleaGanglion=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP]], DCN=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), DNLL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_LL|Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus,LPC.HT.PN.LL]], GBC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), ICC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), ICx=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), LS=[[BrainCenter|Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF]], LSO=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]], MC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], MSO=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]], OC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), SBC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC ([[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), VNLL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_LL|Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus,LPC.HT.PN.LL]], VNTB=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,ABA.MM.SOC.TZ]]
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7902050fd521ea92277e2b254a2cc914.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+ AC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ Cochlea=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]]
+ CochleaGanglion=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP]]
+ DCN=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
+ DNLL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_LL|Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus,LPC.HT.PN.LL]]
+ GBC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
+ ICC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ ICx=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ LS=[[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF]]
+ LSO=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]]
+ MC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
+ MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]]
+ MSO=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]]
+ OC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
+ SBC=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
+ SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ VNLL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_LL|Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus,LPC.HT.PN.LL]]
+ VNTB=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,ABA.MM.SOC.TZ]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7902050fd521ea92277e2b254a2cc914.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 * [http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/1349/fnana-04-00134-HTML/image_m/fnana-04-00134-g001.jpg Echo-Location in Bats] - see [http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2010.00134/full Reference]
-map: A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], SG=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG]]
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6aee1b8a74956679d81405437f92cff5.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=200 width=600>
+ A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ SG=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6aee1b8a74956679d81405437f92cff5.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=200 width=600>
 * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846110/bin/nihms147975f1.jpg Dual Auditory Processing] - see [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846110/ Reference]
-map: A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], DLPFC=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC ([[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F2), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F7|Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F7)), PPC=Supramarginal Gyrus,NC.IPL.SMG ([[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPL_SMW|Supramarginal Wernike Cortex]] (NPE.NC.IPL.SMW)), ST=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]], VLPFC=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC ([[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F4|Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F5|Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.PMC.F5))
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/3f03e49108d60c6251b4123fdd119fa9.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+ A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ DLPFC=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
+ PPC=Supramarginal Gyrus,NC.IPL.SMG (see [[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule]])
+ ST=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]]
+ VLPFC=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/3f03e49108d60c6251b4123fdd119fa9.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 * [http://ars.sciencedirect.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1359644605035427-gr1.jpg Auditory System Model] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359644605035427 Reference]
-map: A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], Cochlea=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), CochleaGanglion=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP]], Ear=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]], IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], Olive=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]]
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/873bb6a303f8186ca7db47e5906ce290.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+ A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ Cochlea=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
+ CochleaGanglion=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP]]
+ Ear=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]]
+ IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]]
+ Olive=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/873bb6a303f8186ca7db47e5906ce290.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 * [http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/FigVI1.gif Auditory System in Brain] - see [http://www.benbest.com/science/anatmind/anatmd6.html Reference]
-map: A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], Cochlea=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH ([[BrainRegionLPC_HL_DCOCH|Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.DCOCH), [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_VCOCH|Ventral Cochlear Nucleus]] (LPC.HL.VCOCH)), CochleaGanglion=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP]], Ear=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]], IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC ([[BrainRegionLPC_MM_CIC|Central Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LPC.MM.CIC), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_EIC|External Nucleus of Inferior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.EIC)), MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], Olive=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]]
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/43041252332b56ca42379c88ed9f1d71.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+ A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ Cochlea=Cochlear Nucleus,LPC.HL.COCH (see [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]])
+ CochleaGanglion=[[BrainRegionLPC_PN_SG_SP|Spiral Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.SP]]
+ Ear=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear,TARGET.TSA.EAR]]
+ IC=Inferior Colliculus,ABA.MM.IC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ MGB=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]]
+ Olive=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_SOC|Superior Olivary Complex,LPC.MM.SOC]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/43041252332b56ca42379c88ed9f1d71.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 * [http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/10053/fnana-05-00034-r1/image_m/fnana-05-00034-g002.jpg Vocal Control] - see [http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Reference]
-map: A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], Broca=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA ([[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT)), M2=[[BrainCenter|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]], MotorV=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_TRM|Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM]], MotorVII=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_FCM|Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM]], NucleusAmbiguus=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB]], NucleusXII=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_HYG|Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG]], Premotor24=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]], RF=[[BrainCenter|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]], Wernike=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4]]
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/d7ea49d94cfa13f82767b076295ae18c.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+ A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ Broca=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
+ M2=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
+ MotorV=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_TRM|Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM]]
+ MotorVII=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_FCM|Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM]]
+ NucleusAmbiguus=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB]]
+ NucleusXII=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_HYG|Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG]]
+ Premotor24=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
+ RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
+ Wernike=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/d7ea49d94cfa13f82767b076295ae18c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 * [http://what-when-how.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/tmp3649_thumb1_thumb.jpg Thalamocortical relationships] - see [http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/ Reference]
-map: A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN ([[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|Anteromedial Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.AM), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.TH.AV), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.TH.AD)), CM=[[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM|Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM]], LD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]], LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]], LP=[[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP]], MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD ([[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_MDC|Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), [[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_MDL|Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus]] (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)), MGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]], P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP ([[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPI|Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPI), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPL), [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus]] (NCP.FD.TH.VPM)), VA=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]], VL=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]], VPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]], VPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]], pA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]], pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU ([[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT|Dorsal Putamen Lateral]] (FEC.FT.PU.LT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED|Dorsal Putamen Medial]] (FEC.FT.PU.MED)), pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex]] (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG)), pLGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]], pLP=[[BrainCenter|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]], pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus]] (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMPFC|Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC|Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)), pMGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], pP=[[BrainCenter|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]], pVA=[[BrainCenter|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]], pVL=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]], pVPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]], pVPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC]], s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB ([[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HF_SUBP|Proximal Subiculum]] (FMM.FT.HF.SUBP), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HF_SUBM|Middle Subiculum]] (FMM.FT.HF.SUBM), [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HF_SUBD|Distal Subiculum]] (FMM.FT.HF.SUBD)), s1MD=[[BrainCenter|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]], s1P=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]], s1VL=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]], s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB ([[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.LMB), [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus]] (FMM.FD.MB.MMB)), s2MD=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR|Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR]], s2P=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]], s2VL=[[BrainCenter|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]], s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus]] (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMPFC|Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC|Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)), sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI ([[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_LT|Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral]] (FEC.FT.GPI.LT), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_MED|Globus Pallidus Internal Medial]] (FEC.FT.GPI.MED), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DS|Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal]] (FEC.FT.GPI.DS), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_RM|Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial]] (FEC.FT.GPI.RM), [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_GPI_DL|Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral]] (FEC.FT.GPI.DL)), sLD=[[BrainCenter|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]], sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC ([[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_SUP|Superficial Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|Intermediate Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.INT), [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_DEEP|Deep Superior Colliculus]] (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), sVA=[[BrainCenter|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]], sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG ([[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|Upper Marginal Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.PH.UMG), [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|Lower Marginal Nucleus]] (LPC.SC.PH.LMG)), sVPM=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6cd03b9a92afacafcc8c5b57cffed472.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400 width=400>
+ A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
+ CM=[[BrainRegionFEC_FD_TH_CM|Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM]]
+ LD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]]
+ LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
+ LP=[[BrainRegionNPE_FD_TH_LP|Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP]]
+ MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
+ MGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_MGB|Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB]]
+ P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
+ VA=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VA|Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA]]
+ VL=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]]
+ VPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPL|Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL]]
+ VPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_VPM|Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM]]
+ pA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]]
+ pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
+ pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
+ pLGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
+ pLP=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
+ pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
+ pMGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ pP=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
+ pVA=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
+ pVL=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
+ pVPL=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
+ pVPM=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PO_PCC|Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC]]
+ s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
+ s1MD=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]]
+ s1P=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]]
+ s1VL=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
+ s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]])
+ s2MD=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_PH_PIR|Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR]]
+ s2P=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PN_PTR|Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR]]
+ s2VL=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
+ s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
+ sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
+ sLD=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
+ sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
+ sVA=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
+ sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see [[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH|Posterior/Dorsal Horn]])
+ sVPM=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6cd03b9a92afacafcc8c5b57cffed472.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=400 width=400>
 * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1053810011000080-gr3.jpg Cortico-Cortical Connectivity] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810011000080 Reference]
-map: A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]], AA=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]], M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]], MA=[[BrainCenter|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]], PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC ([[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCL|Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus]] (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PO|Broca's Area Pars Opercularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_BRA_PT|Broca's Area Pars Triangularis]] (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCR|Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCS|Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCM|Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_ROFCL|Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DMPFC|Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VMPFC|Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)), PTHA=[[BrainCenter|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]], S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]], SA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA|Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA]], V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]], VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 ([[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V2TN|Secondary Visual Cortex, Thin Stripe]] (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TN), [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V2TK|Secondary Visual Cortex, Thick Stripe]] (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TK), [[BrainRegionNPE_NC_OCC_V2PL|Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe]] (NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL))
+ map:
-<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/df75e61c2e90c60db0f2204bcedbc309.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+ A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
+ AA=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]]
+ M1=[[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC]]
+ MA=[[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC]]
+ PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
+ PTHA=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
+ S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
+ SA=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_SPL_SA|Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA]]
+ V1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1]]
+ VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (see [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]])
+<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/df75e61c2e90c60db0f2204bcedbc309.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">

Difference between revisions of "BrainRegionNSA NC TTG A1"

Revision as of 19:04, 28 November 2018

Contents

Components

Connectivity

Thirdparty Circuits

References

Navigation menu

Personal tools

Namespaces

Variants

Views

More

Search

Navigation

Project

Tools