Difference between revisions of "BrainAreaLMC"
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| − | <pre style="color: green">Modulatory Contol Area | + | <pre style="color: green">Modulatory Contol Area</pre> |
| − | </pre> | + | |
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaLMC]] | [[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaLMC]] | ||
---- | ---- | ||
| − | + | __TOC__ | |
= Local Circuits = | = Local Circuits = | ||
(generated) | (generated) | ||
| − | || | + | || '''ID''' || '''Name''' || '''Regions''' || |
| − | || 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB LMC.HM.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL LMC.HM.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC LMC.MM.RF.SUC]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || | + | || 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || |
| − | || ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG LMC.HP.TG.DTG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT LMC.HP.TG.LDT]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || | + | || ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || |
|| DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || | || DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || | ||
|| ENK || Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || | || ENK || Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || | ||
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<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_5HT.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_5HT.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || |
|| [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Inhubit head and spinal pain || B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in<BR>substantia gelatinosa || | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Inhubit head and spinal pain || B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in<BR>substantia gelatinosa || | ||
|| [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || Raphe Obscurus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column || B2 || | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || Raphe Obscurus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column || B2 || | ||
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*External Inbound Region Connections:* | *External Inbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula|Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)]] || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)]] || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula|Habenula Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF|LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF|LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || |
*External Outbound Region Connections:* | *External Outbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT FAM.FD.LHB.LT]] || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|FAM.FD.LHB.LT]] || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|FAM.FT.SEP.LT]] || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|FAM.FT.SEP.LT]] || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD FEC.FD.STN.ICD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD|FEC.FD.STN.ICD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN LAC.FD.HT.PN]] || Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN|LAC.FD.HT.PN]] || Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|LAC.FD.HT.SUM]] || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|LAC.FD.HT.SUM]] || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_CR_SC LLC.HP.CR.SC]] || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_CR_SC|LLC.HP.CR.SC]] || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_CR_SC LLC.HP.CR.SC]] || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_CR_SC|LLC.HP.CR.SC]] || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] || Lower Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] || Lower Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|LPC.SC.PH.USG]] || Upper Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|LPC.SC.PH.USG]] || Upper Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] || Lower Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] || Lower Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] || Upper Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] || Upper Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV|LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || |
== Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward == | == Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward == | ||
| Line 72: | Line 71: | ||
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_ACH.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_ACH.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || |
|| [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus || | || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus || | ||
|| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || accurate landmark navigation || vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies<BR>for orientation || | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || accurate landmark navigation || vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies<BR>for orientation || | ||
| Line 83: | Line 82: | ||
*External Inbound Region Connections:* | *External Inbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (SUPGEN -> DTN)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (SUPGEN -> DTN)]] || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB|FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | ||
|| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | ||
|| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_RMTG FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_RMTG|FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [[http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)]] || | + | || || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [[http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx|Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH|LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
*External Outbound Region Connections:* | *External Outbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1 NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || (unknown reference) || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM FAM.FT.AM.BM]] || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM|FAM.FT.AM.BM]] || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_IPD FAM.HP.PPN.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)]] || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_IPD|FAM.HP.PPN.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_ISL LAC.HM.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_ISL|LAC.HM.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_SSL|LAC.HM.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_SSL|LAC.HM.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH|LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)]] || |
== Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness == | == Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness == | ||
| Line 120: | Line 119: | ||
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_DA.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_DA.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || |
|| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus || LUS || Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues || || | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus || LUS || Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues || || | ||
| Line 128: | Line 127: | ||
*External Inbound Region Connections:* | *External Inbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
*External Outbound Region Connections:* | *External Outbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex-DA || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex-DA || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> PFC, abstract)]] || | + | || || || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> PFC, abstract)]] || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEC FAM.FT.AM.CEC]] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEC|FAM.FT.AM.CEC]] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html|Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html|Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)]] || |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1D|FMM.FT.HC.CA1D]] || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || nucleus-allocortex-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)]] || | + | || || || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1D|FMM.FT.HC.CA1D]] || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || nucleus-allocortex-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)]] || |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC|FMM.NC.PH.LEC]] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)]] || | + | || || || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC|FMM.NC.PH.LEC]] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html|Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> MPOA)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> MPOA)]] || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|LAC.FD.HT.PRM]] || Premammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|LAC.FD.HT.PRM]] || Premammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)]] || | + | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)]] || |
== Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body == | == Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body == | ||
| Line 155: | Line 154: | ||
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_ENK.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_ENK.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || |
|| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus || LUS || Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour || if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness<BR>is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results<BR>in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory<BR>nucleus || | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus || LUS || Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour || if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness<BR>is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results<BR>in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory<BR>nucleus || | ||
| Line 163: | Line 162: | ||
*External Inbound Region Connections:* | *External Inbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp|Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM LAC.FD.HT.VM]] || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|LAC.FD.HT.VM]] || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
*External Outbound Region Connections:* | *External Outbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HP_BR LAC.HP.BR]] || Barrington's Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || [[http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HP_BR|LAC.HP.BR]] || Barrington's Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || [[http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html|Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)]] || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV|LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLPC_HM_AMB|LPC.HM.AMB]] || Ambiguus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLPC_HM_AMB|LPC.HM.AMB]] || Ambiguus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RA LRC.HM.RA]] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RA|LRC.HM.RA]] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLRC_HP_PN_SC|LRC.HP.PN.SC]] || Nucleus Subceruleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLRC_HP_PN_SC|LRC.HP.PN.SC]] || Nucleus Subceruleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || | ||
| Line 188: | Line 187: | ||
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_NE.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_NE.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || |
|| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli || NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio,<BR>suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral<BR>inhibition); inhibitory nucleus || | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli || NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio,<BR>suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral<BR>inhibition); inhibitory nucleus || | ||
| Line 196: | Line 195: | ||
*External Inbound Region Connections:* | *External Inbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || [[http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Vocal Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || [[http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full|Vocal Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)]] || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM LAC.FD.HT.DM]] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|LAC.FD.HT.TBM]] || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|LAC.FD.HT.TBM]] || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RF_MED LRC.HM.RF.MED]] || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RF_MED|LRC.HM.RF.MED]] || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || |
*External Outbound Region Connections:* | *External Outbound Region Connections:* | ||
| − | || | + | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' || |
|| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB FAM.FD.MHB]] || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|FAM.FD.MHB]] || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || |
|| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] || Diagonal Band of Broca || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] || Diagonal Band of Broca || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || | ||
| − | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED FEC.FT.SNC.MED]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || | + | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED|FEC.FT.SNC.MED]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] || Intermediolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)]] || | + | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] || Intermediolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)]] || |
= Thirdparty Circuits = | = Thirdparty Circuits = | ||
(generated) | (generated) | ||
| − | * [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg|Habenula Connections]] - see [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg|Habenula Connections]] - see [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract]] - see [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract]] - see [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/articles/2012/3/2/images/SurgNeurolInt_2012_3_2_40_91609_u1.jpg|Amygdala and its network]] - see [[http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/articles/2012/3/2/images/SurgNeurolInt_2012_3_2_40_91609_u1.jpg|Amygdala and its network]] - see [[http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/articles/2012/3/2/images/SurgNeurolInt_2012_3_2_40_91609_u1.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/articles/2012/3/2/images/SurgNeurolInt_2012_3_2_40_91609_u1.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg|Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one]] - see [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg|Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one]] - see [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg|Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex]] - see [[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference]] | + | * [[http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg|Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex]] - see [[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp|Reference]] |
<img src="http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg|Regulation of Social Brain]] - see [[http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Reference]] | + | * [[http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg|Regulation of Social Brain]] - see [[http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc|Reference]] |
<img src="http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg|Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm]] - see [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg|Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm]] - see [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg|Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning]] - see [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg|Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning]] - see [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg|Oculomotor decision-making]] - see [[http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Reference]] | + | * [[http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg|Oculomotor decision-making]] - see [[http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0|Reference]] |
<img src="http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reward_circuit.jpg/315908202/Reward_circuit.jpg|Reward circuit of human brain]] - see [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reference]] | + | * [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reward_circuit.jpg/315908202/Reward_circuit.jpg|Reward circuit of human brain]] - see [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reference]] |
<img src="http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reward_circuit.jpg/315908202/Reward_circuit.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reward_circuit.jpg/315908202/Reward_circuit.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg|Craving]] - see [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg|Craving]] - see [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.large.jpg|Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway]] - see [[http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Reference]] | + | * [[http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.large.jpg|Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway]] - see [[http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html|Reference]] |
<img src="http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.large.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.large.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg|Pain matrix]] - see [[http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0 Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg|Pain matrix]] - see [[http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg|Hippocampal Formation]] - see [[article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf Reference]] | + | * [[http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg|Hippocampal Formation]] - see [[article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf|Reference]] |
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png|Head Direction Cell Circuit]] - see [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png|Head Direction Cell Circuit]] - see [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png|Basal Nucleus of Meynert]] - see [[article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf Reference]] | + | * [[http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png|Basal Nucleus of Meynert]] - see [[article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf|Reference]] |
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | * [[http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png|Affective basal ganglia circuit]] - see [[http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Reference]] | + | * [[http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png|Affective basal ganglia circuit]] - see [[http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx|Reference]] |
<img src="http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
Revision as of 10:39, 16 June 2015
Modulatory Contol Area
Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLMC
Contents
- 1 Local Circuits
- 1.1 Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
- 1.2 Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
- 1.3 Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
- 1.4 Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
- 1.5 Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
- 2 Thirdparty Circuits
- 3 References
Local Circuits
(generated)
|| ID || Name || Regions || || 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || LMC.HM.RP.MG, LMC.HM.RP.OB, LMC.HM.RP.PL, LMC.HP.RP.PRN, LMC.MM.RF.SUC, LMC.MM.RP.DRN || || ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || LMC.FT.NBM, LMC.HP.TG.DTG, LMC.HP.TG.LDT, LMC.HP.TG.VTG || || DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || LMC.MM.VTA || || ENK || Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body || LMC.MM.PAG || || NE || Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response || LMC.HP.LC ||
Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| LMC.HM.RP.MG || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Inhubit head and spinal pain || B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in
substantia gelatinosa ||
|| LMC.HM.RP.OB || Raphe Obscurus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column || B2 ||
|| LMC.HM.RP.PL || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Spinal pain control || B1 ||
|| LMC.HP.RP.PRN || Pontine Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep cycle || Projects to CR, forebrain; inhibitory nucleus ||
|| LMC.MM.RF.SUC || Superior Central Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus;
Hallucinations || Directs HC to disregard insignificant events;
inhibitory nucleus; B6,B8; Insomnia; inhibitory
nucleus ||
|| LMC.MM.RP.DRN || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep and mood || Major source of 5HT; inhibitory nucleus ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || LMC.MM.RF.SUC || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)] || || || LMC.MM.RP.DRN || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)] || || LAC || LMC.HM.RP.MG || LAC.FD.HT.LTN || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LAC.FD.HT.PV || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HM.RP.OB || LAC.FD.HT.PO || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LLC || LMC.HM.RP.MG || LLC.MM.SCNF || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HP.RP.PRN || LLC.MM.SCNF || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.MM.RP.DRN || LLC.FD.TH.SF || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || LMC || LMC.HM.RP.MG || LMC.MM.PAG || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HM.RP.PL || LMC.MM.PAG || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || LMC.MM.RF.SUC || FAM.FD.LHB.LT || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.SEP.LT || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || FEC || LMC.MM.RF.SUC || FEC.FD.STN.ICD || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || FMM || LMC.MM.RF.SUC || FMM.FD.MB.MMB || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || LAC || LMC.MM.RF.SUC || LAC.FD.HT.PN || Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || || || LAC.FD.HT.SUM || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || LLC || LMC.HM.RP.OB || LLC.HP.CR.SC || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HP.RP.PRN || LLC.HP.CR.SC || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) || || LPC || LMC.HM.RP.MG || LPC.SC.PH.LSG || Lower Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.SC.PH.USG || Upper Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HM.RP.OB || LPC.SC.IZ.IMM || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HM.RP.PL || LPC.SC.PH.LMG || Lower Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.SC.PH.UMG || Upper Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.MM.RP.DRN || LPC.FD.TH.PV || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) ||
Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| LMC.FT.NBM || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus ||
|| LMC.HP.TG.DTG || Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || accurate landmark navigation || vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies
for orientation ||
|| LMC.HP.TG.LDT || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward ||
|| LMC.HP.TG.VTG || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || moderates hippocampal-driven rhythmic firing frequency in medial mammillary || contribute to episodic memory and new learning in
humans as well as spatial memory ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NSA || LMC.HP.TG.LDT || NSA.FD.TH.SG || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [Direction Cell Circuit (SUPGEN -> DTN)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || LMC.FT.NBM || FAM.FT.AM.AB || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.AM.BP || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.BNST || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HP.TG.DTG || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HP.TG.LDT || FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HP.TG.VTG || FAM.FD.LHB.MED || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || FEC || LMC.FT.NBM || FEC.FD.STN.CD || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || FEC.FT.ACC.SH || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)] || || FMM || LMC.HP.TG.LDT || FMM.FD.MB.LMB || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)] || || LRC || LMC.HP.TG.DTG || LRC.HM.NPH || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NDM || LMC.FT.NBM || NDM.NC.AL.FPC || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || [and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)] || || NSA || LMC.FT.NBM || NSA.NC.OCC.V1 || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || (unknown reference) || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || LMC.FT.NBM || FAM.FT.AM.BM || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HP.TG.LDT || FAM.HP.PPN.IPD || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)] || || FMM || LMC.HP.TG.DTG || FMM.FD.MB.LMB || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || || || LMC.HP.TG.VTG || FMM.FD.MB.MMB || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LAC || LMC.HP.TG.LDT || LAC.HM.SAL.ISL || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || || || || LAC.HM.SAL.SSL || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) || || LMC || LMC.HP.TG.VTG || LMC.MM.VTA || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LRC || LMC.HP.TG.LDT || LRC.HM.NPH || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)] ||
Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments || || LMC.MM.VTA || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus || LUS || Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues || ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || LMC.MM.VTA || FAM.FT.BNST || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || FEC || LMC.MM.VTA || FEC.FT.ACC.CORE || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)] || || LMC || LMC.MM.VTA || LMC.HP.TG.VTG || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NDM || LMC.MM.VTA || NDM.NC.AL.DACG || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex-DA || (unknown reference) || || || || NDM.NC.AL.FPC || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [circuit of human brain (VTA -> PFC, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || LMC.MM.VTA || FAM.FT.AM.CEC || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)] || || FEC || LMC.MM.VTA || FEC.FT.ACC.SH || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [(VTA -> NACC, abstract)] || || FMM || LMC.MM.VTA || FMM.FD.MB.MMB || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)] || || || || FMM.FT.HC.CA1D || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || nucleus-allocortex-DA || [circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)] || || || || FMM.NC.PH.LEC || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)] || || LAC || LMC.MM.VTA || LAC.FD.HT.PO || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> MPOA)] || || || || LAC.FD.HT.PRM || Premammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || (unknown reference) || || || || LAC.FD.HT.PV || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)] ||
Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| LMC.MM.PAG || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus || LUS || Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour || if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness
is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results
in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory
nucleus ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NCP || LMC.MM.PAG || NCP.NC.AL.SGCG || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || LMC.MM.PAG || FAM.FT.AM.CEM || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)] || || LAC || LMC.MM.PAG || LAC.FD.HT.VM || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || LAC || LMC.MM.PAG || LAC.HP.BR || Barrington's Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || [overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)] || || LLC || LMC.MM.PAG || LLC.FD.TH.SF || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || || LMC || LMC.MM.PAG || LMC.HM.RP.MG || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || || || || LMC.HM.RP.PL || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || || LPC || LMC.MM.PAG || LPC.FD.TH.PV || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || || || || LPC.HM.AMB || Ambiguus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || || LRC || LMC.MM.PAG || LRC.HM.RA || Retroambigualis Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) || || || || LRC.HP.PN.SC || Nucleus Subceruleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) ||
Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
|| Component ID || Component Name || Type || Service || Function || Comments ||
|| LMC.HP.LC || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli || NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio,
suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral
inhibition); inhibitory nucleus ||
- Internal Region Connections:*
- no connections
- External Inbound Region Connections:*
|| Source Area || Local Region || Source Region || Source Name || Type || Reference || || Cortical || || || || || || || NDM || LMC.HP.LC || NDM.NC.AL.VACG || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || [Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)] || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || LMC.HP.LC || FAM.FT.BNST || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LAC || LMC.HP.LC || LAC.FD.HT.DM || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || || || LAC.FD.HT.TBM || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) || || LRC || LMC.HP.LC || LRC.HM.RF.MED || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) ||
- External Outbound Region Connections:*
|| Target Area || Local Region || Target Region || Target Name || Type || Reference || || Subcortical || || || || || || || FAM || LMC.HP.LC || FAM.FD.MHB || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || || || || FAM.FT.SEP.DBB || Diagonal Band of Broca || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || || FEC || LMC.HP.LC || FEC.FT.SNC.MED || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) || || LAC || LMC.HP.LC || LAC.SC.IZ.IML || Intermediolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || [and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)] ||
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- [Connections] - see [[1]]
- [and its network] - see [[3]]
- [bodies: two memory systems in one] - see [[4]]
- [disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [[5]]
- [of Social Brain] - see [[6]]
- [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm] - see [[7]]
- [decision-making] - see [[9]]
- [circuit of human brain] - see [[10]]
- [Direction Cell Circuit] - see [[15]]
- [Nucleus of Meynert] - see Reference
- [basal ganglia circuit] - see [[16]]
References
(generated)
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
- http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
- http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html
- http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
- http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html
- http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
- http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
- http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity
- http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html
- http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0
- article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
- article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf
- http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx
![[11]](http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg%7CCraving){kind=link}
