Difference between revisions of "BiologicalLifeResearch"

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<pre style="color: green">Biological Life Research</pre>
 
<pre style="color: green">Biological Life Research</pre>
 
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]]
 
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]]
  
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http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/wiki/research/bio-research.jpg
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http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/bio-research.jpg
 
----
 
----
  
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__TOC__
 
__TOC__
  
−
= Overall Brain =
+
= Overview =
  
−
* [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]]
+
* '''Biological Model''' contains '''Central Nervous System''' (CNS), '''Peripheral Nervous System''' (PNS) and human '''Target Sensors''' and '''Target Effectors''', connected together and systematically described in machine-readable format
−
* [[MindTracts|Mind Tracts]]
+
* Model data are divided into '''Engine Data''' (mind.xml, target.xml), '''Internal Model Data''' (hmind, muscles, nerves, global.xml) and '''External Model Data''' (circuits)
−
* [[PeripheralBrain|Peripheral Brain]]
+
** Engine Data are divided into
−
* [[OverallNeuralNetworks|Neural Networks]]
+
*** '''Engine Core Data''' (mind.xml, mind.core.xml) - most probably universal items, independent of biological nature or phenotype
−
* [[OverallCircuits|Overall Circuits]]
+
*** '''Engine Lifecycle Data''' (mind.lifecycle.xml) - items supporting life functions of biological organism
−
* [[OverallBrainDevelopment|Brain Development]]
+
*** '''Engine Specific Data''' (mind.specific.xml, mind.integration.xml) - nervous system items responsible for handling specific human organs
 +
*** '''Engine Target Data''' (target.xml) - final sets of human sensors and effectors
 +
** Internal Model Data provide human-readable descriptions and additional details
 +
*** '''Global Circuits''' are independent overlapping groups of regions (global.xml) which shed light on specific modality of mind function across many Mind Areas
 +
** External Model Data provide thirdparty models, partial and sometimes contradicting, with their own visualization and schema linked with aHuman items identification
 +
* Detailed data are grouped using two distinct structures - '''Brain Centers''' and '''Mind Areas'''
 +
** Brain Centers are well-known anatomical groups existing as major solid structures or sets of nuclei or cortices, located on specific anatomical area
 +
** Mind Areas are aHuman functional structures grouping items implementing major mind functions
 +
*** Every Mind Area is a set of non-overlapping '''Local Circuits'''
 +
**** Local Circuit contains specific mind regions, circuits internal inter-region connections and circuit outbound connections, which establish brain area subfunction or the same function but handling specific aspect of human organism
  
−
= Brain Areas =
+
'''See further information:'''
 +
* Description of model elements and attributes -  [[BiologicalModel|Biological Model Metadata]]
 +
* Full mind hierarchy - [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]]
 +
* Spinal and cranial tracts - [[MindTracts|Mind Tracts]]
 +
* Peripheral nervous System - [[PeripheralBrain|Peripheral Brain]]
 +
* Nervous tissue types - [[OverallNeuralNetworks|Neural Networks]]
 +
* Global functional circuits - [[OverallCircuits|Overall Circuits]]
 +
* How brain is developed from the very beginning - [[OverallBrainDevelopment|Brain Development]]
 +
 
 +
= Mind Areas =
  
 
'''Approach of defining areas''':
 
'''Approach of defining areas''':
Line 31: Line 48:
 
* consider area as set of groups of regions and links which serve similar function, with area corresponging to providing this function in several circuits (groups)
 
* consider area as set of groups of regions and links which serve similar function, with area corresponging to providing this function in several circuits (groups)
  
−
|| '''Area Code''' || '''Area Name''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' ||
+
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
|| <font color="red">aHuman</font> || || || ||
+
| '''Area Code''' || '''Area Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''
−
|| '''TSA''' || [[BrainAreaTSA|Target Sensory Area]] || aHuman Target Sensors || Biological Sensors ||
+
|-
−
|| '''TEA''' || [[BrainAreaTEA|Target Effectory Area]] || aHuman Target Effectors || Biological Motors ||
+
| <font color="red">aHuman</font> || || || ||
−
|| <font color="red">Lower Brain</font> || || || ||
+
|-
−
|| '''LPC''' || [[BrainAreaLPC|Peripheral Control Area]] || Conscious Control of Target || Sensory Ganglia, Conscious Sensory and Motor Nuclei ||
+
| '''TSA''' || [[BrainAreaTSA|Target Sensory Area]] || target || aHuman Target Sensors || Biological Sensors
−
|| '''LRC''' || [[BrainAreaLRC|Motor Reflex Area]] || Reflexive Motor Behavior || Nuclei of Reflex Circuits Resulting in Motor Behavior and Posture Maintenance ||
+
|-
−
|| '''LAC''' || [[BrainAreaLAC|Autonomous Control Area]] || Autonomic Nuclei and Ganglia || Nuclei to Control Autonomic Organs and Autonomic Ganglia ||
+
| '''TEA''' || [[BrainAreaTEA|Target Effectory Area]] || target || aHuman Target Effectors || Biological Motors
−
|| '''LLC''' || [[BrainAreaLLC|Locomotion Control Area]] || Learned Rythmic Movements || Locomotion Nuclei and Cerebellum ||
+
|-
−
|| '''LMC''' || [[BrainAreaLMC|Modulatory Contol Area]] || Ascending and Descending Non-Specific Modulation || Includes Nuclei Projecting Both Up and Down ||
+
| <font color="red">Lower Brain</font> || || || ||
−
|| <font color="red">Forebrain</font> || || || ||
+
|-
−
|| '''FEC''' || [[BrainAreaFEC|Execution Control Area]] || Executing Motor Sequences || Premotor and Supplemental Sequences are Wrapped out via Basal Ganglia ||
+
| '''LLC''' || [[BrainAreaLLC|Locomotion Control Area]] || core || Learned Rythmic Movements || Locomotion Nuclei and Cerebellum
−
|| '''FAM''' || [[BrainAreaFAM|Affective Motivations Area]] || Aggregate Body and Mental Motivations || Merges Top Body Feeling and Sensory Streams ||
+
|-
−
|| '''FMM''' || [[BrainAreaFMM|Memory Management Area]] || Establish Hierarchical Memory || Top of Sensory Hierarchy ||
+
| '''LAC''' || [[BrainAreaLAC|Autonomous Control Area]] || lifecycle || Autonomic Nuclei and Ganglia || Nuclei to Control Autonomic Organs and Autonomic Ganglia
−
|| <font color="red">Neocortical Brain</font> || || || ||
+
|-
−
|| '''NSA''' || [[BrainAreaNSA|Sensory Aggregation Area]] || Unimodal Sensory Aggregation || Neocortical Sensory Data and Unimodal Aggregation ||
+
| '''LMC''' || [[BrainAreaLMC|Modulatory Contol Area]] || lifecycle || Ascending and Descending Non-Specific Modulation || Includes Nuclei Projecting Both Up and Down
−
|| '''NPE''' || [[BrainAreaNPE|Polymodal Execution Area]] || Initiate Polymodal Execution || Aggregate polymodal data, direct to planning and decision making ||
+
|-
−
|| '''NMA''' || [[BrainAreaNMA|Motor Aggregation Area]] || Motor Hierarhical Aggregation || Wrap Out Motor Sequences to Specific Motor Steps ||
+
| '''LPC''' || [[BrainAreaLPC|Peripheral Control Area]] || specific || Conscious Control of Target || Sensory Ganglia, Conscious Sensory and Motor Nuclei
−
|| '''NDM''' || [[BrainAreaNDM|Decision Making Area]] || Sensory-Drive Associations with Working Memory || Choose Actions and Create Working Memory ||
+
|-
−
|| '''NCP''' || [[BrainAreaNCP|Conscious Personality Area]] || Produce Mental Feeling || Handle Pain and Errors ||
+
| '''LRC''' || [[BrainAreaLRC|Motor Reflex Area]] || specific || Reflexive Motor Behavior || Nuclei of Reflex Circuits Resulting in Motor Behavior and Posture Maintenance
 +
|-
 +
| <font color="red">Forebrain</font> || || || ||
 +
|-
 +
| '''FEC''' || [[BrainAreaFEC|Execution Control Area]] || core || Executing Motor Sequences || Premotor and Supplemental Sequences are Wrapped out via Basal Ganglia
 +
|-
 +
| '''FAM''' || [[BrainAreaFAM|Affective Motivations Area]] || core || Aggregate Body and Mental Motivations || Merges Top Body Feeling and Sensory Streams
 +
|-
 +
| '''FMM''' || [[BrainAreaFMM|Memory Management Area]] || core || Establish Hierarchical Memory || Top of Sensory Hierarchy
 +
|-
 +
| <font color="red">Neocortical Brain</font> || || || ||
 +
|-
 +
| '''NMA''' || [[BrainAreaNMA|Motor Aggregation Area]] || core || Motor Hierarhical Aggregation || Wrap Out Motor Sequences to Specific Motor Steps
 +
|-
 +
| '''NDM''' || [[BrainAreaNDM|Decision Making Area]] || core || Sensory-Drive Associations with Working Memory || Choose Actions and Create Working Memory
 +
|-
 +
| '''NCP''' || [[BrainAreaNCP|Conscious Personality Area]] || core || Produce Mental Feeling || Handle Pain and Errors
 +
|-
 +
| '''NSA''' || [[BrainAreaNSA|Sensory Aggregation Area]] || specific || Unimodal Sensory Aggregation || Neocortical Sensory Data and Unimodal Aggregation
 +
|-
 +
| '''NPE''' || [[BrainAreaNPE|Unimodal Execution Area]] || specific || Initiate Polymodal Execution || Aggregate polymodal data, direct to planning and decision making
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
= Brain Structure Overview =
 +
(generated)
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''Forebrain Diencephalon''' (FD):
 +
* [[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula]] (FAM.FD.HB)
 +
* [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]] (FD.HT)
 +
* [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus]] (LPC.FD.RT)
 +
* [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]] (FEC.FD.STA)
 +
* Thalamus
 +
** [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]] (FD.TH.CR)
 +
** [[BrainCenterFD_TH_MR|Motor Thalamus]] (FD.TH.MR)
 +
** [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]] (FD.TH.SR)
 +
 
 +
'''Forebrain Telencephalon''' (FT):
 +
* [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]] (FEC.FT.BG)
 +
* Extended Amygdala
 +
** [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala]] (FAM.FT.AM)
 +
** [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_CEAM|Central Extended Amygdala]] (FAM.FT.CEAM)
 +
** [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei]] (FAM.FT.SEP)
 +
* [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]] (FMM.FT.HF)
 +
* [[BrainCenterFT_OLF|Olfactory Nuclei]] (FT.OLF)
 +
 
 +
'''Hindbrain Myelencephalon''' (HL):
 +
* [[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation]] (HL.RF)
 +
* [[BrainCenterHL_MN|Myelencephalic Motor Nuclei]] (HL.MN)
 +
* [[BrainCenterHL_PSN|Myelencephalic Parasympathetic Nuclei]] (HL.PSN)
 +
* [[BrainCenterHL_SN|Myelencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HL.SN)
 +
 
 +
'''Hindbrain Metencephalon''' (HT):
 +
* [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]] (LLC.HT.CRC)
 +
* [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus]] (LMC.HT.LC)
 +
* [[BrainCenterHT_MN|Metencephalic Motor Nuclei]] (HT.MN)
 +
* [[BrainCenterHT_SN|Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei]] (HT.SN)
 +
* [[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation]] (HT.RF)
 +
* [[BrainCenterHT_TG|Pontine Tegmental Nuclei]] (HT.TG)
 +
* [[BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN|Vestibular Nuclei]] (LPC.HT.VBN)
 +
 
 +
'''Midbrain Mesencephalon''' (MM):
 +
* [[BrainCenterMM_RF|Mesencephalic Reticular Formation]] (MM.RF)
 +
* [[BrainCenterMM_PER|Perhipheral Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]] (MM.PER)
 +
* [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter]] (LMC.MM.PAG)
 +
* [[BrainCenterLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus]] (LLC.MM.RD)
 +
* [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]] (MM.REF)
 +
* [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area]] (LMC.MM.VTA)
 +
 
 +
'''Cerebral Cortex''' (NC):
 +
* Anterior Lobe
 +
** [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NC.ACG)
 +
** [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_MC|Motor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.MC)
 +
** Prefrontal Cortex
 +
*** [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]] (NC.AL.LPFC)
 +
*** [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NC.AL.OMPFC)
 +
** [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]] (NC.PMC)
 +
** [[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex]] (NMA.NC.SMC)
 +
* [[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe]] (NC.LOBE.OCC)
 +
* Parahippocampal Lobe
 +
** Anterior Parahippocampal Gyrus
 +
*** [[BrainCenterFMM_NC_PHA_RS|Retrosubicular Area]] (FMM.NC.PHA.RS)
 +
*** [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]] (NC.PHA.RH)
 +
** [[BrainCenterFMM_NC_PHP|Posterior Parahippocampal Gyrus]] (FMM.NC.PHP)
 +
* Parietal Lobe
 +
** [[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule]] (NC.IPL)
 +
** [[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IPS|Intraparietal Sulcus]] (NSA.NC.IPS)
 +
** [[BrainCenterNC_MPL|Medial Parietal Lobule]] (NC.MPL)
 +
** Postcentral Gyrus
 +
*** [[BrainCenterNC_PG_APC|Anterior Parietal Cortex]] (NC.PG.APC)
 +
*** [[BrainCenterNC_PG_LPC|Lateral Parietal Cortex]] (NC.PG.LPC)
 +
*** [[BrainCenterNC_PO|Parietal Operculum]] (NC.PO)
 +
** [[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule]] (NC.SPL)
 +
* Temporal Lobe
 +
** [[BrainCenterNSA_NC_IT|Inferotemporal Area]] (NSA.NC.IT)
 +
** [[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex]] (NC.INS)
 +
** [[BrainCenterNC_STG|Superior Temporal Gyrus]] (NC.STG)
 +
** [[BrainCenterNSA_NC_TTG|Transverse Temporal Gyrus]] (NSA.NC.TTG)
 +
 
 +
'''Peripheral Nervous System''' (PNS):
 +
* Parasympathetic Ganglia
 +
** [[BrainCenterPN_PSYM_BD|Body Parasympathetic Ganglia]] (PN.PSYM.BD)
 +
** [[BrainCenterPN_PSYM_HD|Head and Neck Parasympathetic Ganglia]] (PN.PSYM.HD)
 +
* Sensory Ganglia
 +
** [[BrainCenterLPC_PN_SG_DRG|Dorsal Root Ganglia]] (LPC.PN.SG.DRG)
 +
** [[BrainCenterPN_SG_SE|Sensory Exteroception Ganglia]] (PN.SG.SE)
 +
** [[BrainCenterPN_SG_SI|Sensory Interoception Ganglia]] (PN.SG.SI)
 +
** [[BrainCenterLPC_PN_SG_VB|Vestibular Ganglion]] (LPC.PN.SG.VB)
 +
* Sympathetic Ganglia
 +
** [[BrainCenterLAC_PN_SYM_PA|Paravertebral Sympathetic Ganglia]] (LAC.PN.SYM.PA)
 +
** [[BrainCenterLAC_PN_SYM_PR|Prevertebral Sympathetic Ganglia]] (LAC.PN.SYM.PR)
 +
 
 +
'''Spinal Cord''' (SC):
 +
* [[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn]] (SC.VH)
 +
* [[BrainCenterAVA_SC_CC|Central canal]] (AVA.SC.CC)
 +
* [[BrainCenterSC_IZ|Intermediate Zone]] (SC.IZ)
 +
* [[BrainCenterBMA_SC_LH|Lateral Horn/Funiculus]] (BMA.SC.LH)
 +
* [[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH|Posterior/Dorsal Horn]] (BMA.SC.PH)
 +
 
 +
'''Target''' (TG):
 +
* Human Effectors
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_VESSELS|Blood vessels]] (TARGET.TEA.VESSELS)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_BREAST|Breast]] (TARGET.TEA.BREAST)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands]] (TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_FACE|Face]] (TARGET.TEA.FACE)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_GENITALIA|Genitalia]] (TARGET.TEA.GENITALIA)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HAND|Hand]] (TARGET.TEA.HAND)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_HEART|Heart]] (TARGET.TEA.HEART)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_PROTECTOR|Immunity glands and meninges]] (TARGET.TEA.PROTECTOR)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LEG|Leg]] (TARGET.TEA.LEG)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LIVER|Liver]] (TARGET.TEA.LIVER)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_LUNG|Lung]] (TARGET.TEA.LUNG)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_FEEDER|Mouth feeder]] (TARGET.TEA.FEEDER)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_SPEAKER|Mouth speaker]] (TARGET.TEA.SPEAKER)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_NECK|Neck]] (TARGET.TEA.NECK)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_RECTUM|Rectum]] (TARGET.TEA.RECTUM)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_STOMACH|Stomach]] (TARGET.TEA.STOMACH)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_TRUNK|Trunk]] (TARGET.TEA.TRUNK)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_URETER|Ureter]] (TARGET.TEA.URETER)
 +
* Human Sensors
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EAR|Ear]] (TARGET.TSA.EAR)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye]] (TARGET.TSA.EYE)
 +
** [[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_NOSE|Nose]] (TARGET.TSA.NOSE)
  
 
= Circuits =
 
= Circuits =
 
(generated)
 
(generated)

Latest revision as of 23:51, 9 April 2019

Biological Life Research

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch

bio-research.jpg

This page is intended to create model of biological human brain based on open research results across the world. Related findings are structured by other research themes.

Overview

  • Biological Model contains Central Nervous System (CNS), Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and human Target Sensors and Target Effectors, connected together and systematically described in machine-readable format
  • Model data are divided into Engine Data (mind.xml, target.xml), Internal Model Data (hmind, muscles, nerves, global.xml) and External Model Data (circuits)
    • Engine Data are divided into
      • Engine Core Data (mind.xml, mind.core.xml) - most probably universal items, independent of biological nature or phenotype
      • Engine Lifecycle Data (mind.lifecycle.xml) - items supporting life functions of biological organism
      • Engine Specific Data (mind.specific.xml, mind.integration.xml) - nervous system items responsible for handling specific human organs
      • Engine Target Data (target.xml) - final sets of human sensors and effectors
    • Internal Model Data provide human-readable descriptions and additional details
      • Global Circuits are independent overlapping groups of regions (global.xml) which shed light on specific modality of mind function across many Mind Areas
    • External Model Data provide thirdparty models, partial and sometimes contradicting, with their own visualization and schema linked with aHuman items identification
  • Detailed data are grouped using two distinct structures - Brain Centers and Mind Areas
    • Brain Centers are well-known anatomical groups existing as major solid structures or sets of nuclei or cortices, located on specific anatomical area
    • Mind Areas are aHuman functional structures grouping items implementing major mind functions
      • Every Mind Area is a set of non-overlapping Local Circuits
        • Local Circuit contains specific mind regions, circuits internal inter-region connections and circuit outbound connections, which establish brain area subfunction or the same function but handling specific aspect of human organism

See further information:

Mind Areas

Approach of defining areas:

  • make areas functionally named and identified
  • do not create thalamus area to avoid mixing unrelated paths, assign thalamus nuclei to other areas
  • do not create limbic area to avoid mixing unrelated functions, assign limbic components to other areas
  • take into account all subcortical nuclei and ganglia
  • all areas mapped by Brodmann placed in cortical category
  • consider only single left hemisphere
  • consider area as set of groups of regions and links which serve similar function, with area corresponging to providing this function in several circuits (groups)
Area Code Area Name Type Function Comments
aHuman
TSA Target Sensory Area target aHuman Target Sensors Biological Sensors
TEA Target Effectory Area target aHuman Target Effectors Biological Motors
Lower Brain
LLC Locomotion Control Area core Learned Rythmic Movements Locomotion Nuclei and Cerebellum
LAC Autonomous Control Area lifecycle Autonomic Nuclei and Ganglia Nuclei to Control Autonomic Organs and Autonomic Ganglia
LMC Modulatory Contol Area lifecycle Ascending and Descending Non-Specific Modulation Includes Nuclei Projecting Both Up and Down
LPC Peripheral Control Area specific Conscious Control of Target Sensory Ganglia, Conscious Sensory and Motor Nuclei
LRC Motor Reflex Area specific Reflexive Motor Behavior Nuclei of Reflex Circuits Resulting in Motor Behavior and Posture Maintenance
Forebrain
FEC Execution Control Area core Executing Motor Sequences Premotor and Supplemental Sequences are Wrapped out via Basal Ganglia
FAM Affective Motivations Area core Aggregate Body and Mental Motivations Merges Top Body Feeling and Sensory Streams
FMM Memory Management Area core Establish Hierarchical Memory Top of Sensory Hierarchy
Neocortical Brain
NMA Motor Aggregation Area core Motor Hierarhical Aggregation Wrap Out Motor Sequences to Specific Motor Steps
NDM Decision Making Area core Sensory-Drive Associations with Working Memory Choose Actions and Create Working Memory
NCP Conscious Personality Area core Produce Mental Feeling Handle Pain and Errors
NSA Sensory Aggregation Area specific Unimodal Sensory Aggregation Neocortical Sensory Data and Unimodal Aggregation
NPE Unimodal Execution Area specific Initiate Polymodal Execution Aggregate polymodal data, direct to planning and decision making

Brain Structure Overview

(generated)


Forebrain Diencephalon (FD):

Forebrain Telencephalon (FT):

Hindbrain Myelencephalon (HL):

Hindbrain Metencephalon (HT):

Midbrain Mesencephalon (MM):

Cerebral Cortex (NC):

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

Spinal Cord (SC):

Target (TG):

Circuits

(generated)

Retrieved from "http://wiki.ahuman.org/index.php?title=BiologicalLifeResearch&oldid=13392"