Difference between revisions of "BrainAreaLMC"
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| − | || '''ID''' || '''Name''' || '''Regions''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] | + | | '''ID''' || '''Name''' || '''Regions''' |
| − | || ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] | + | |- |
| − | || DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] | + | | 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] |
| − | || ENK || Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] | + | |- |
| − | || NE || Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] | | + | | ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | ENK || Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | NE || Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
== Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness == | == Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness == | ||
| Line 21: | Line 28: | ||
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_5HT.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_5HT.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Inhubit head and spinal pain || B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in<BR>substantia gelatinosa | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || Raphe Obscurus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column || B2 | |
| − | + | |- | |
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Spinal pain control || B1 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || Pontine Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep cycle || Projects to CR, forebrain; inhibitory nucleus | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || Superior Central Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus;<BR>Hallucinations || Directs HC to disregard insignificant events;<BR>inhibitory nucleus; B6,B8; Insomnia; inhibitory<BR>nucleus | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep and mood || Major source of 5HT; inhibitory nucleus | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''Internal Region Connections:''' | |
* no connections | * no connections | ||
| − | + | '''External Inbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula|Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)]] | + | |- |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula|Habenula Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)]] | | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula|Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)]] |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF|LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula|Habenula Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)]] |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF|LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | | + | |- |
| − | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF|LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF|LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''External Outbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|FAM.FD.LHB.LT]] || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|FAM.FT.SEP.LT]] || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD|FEC.FD.STN.ICD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|FAM.FD.LHB.LT]] || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|LAC.FD.HT.SUM]] || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|FAM.FT.SEP.LT]] || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_CR_SC|LLC.HP.CR.SC]] || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD|FEC.FD.STN.ICD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] || Lower Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|LPC.SC.PH.USG]] || Upper Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] || Lower Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN|LAC.FD.HT.PN]] || Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] || Upper Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV|LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|LAC.FD.HT.SUM]] || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_CR_SC|LLC.HP.CR.SC]] || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_CR_SC|LLC.HP.CR.SC]] || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] || Lower Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|LPC.SC.PH.USG]] || Upper Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] || Lower Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] || Upper Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV|LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |} | ||
== Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward == | == Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward == | ||
| Line 71: | Line 116: | ||
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_ACH.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_ACH.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' |
| − | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || accurate landmark navigation || vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies<BR>for orientation | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus |
| − | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || moderates hippocampal-driven rhythmic firing frequency in medial mammillary || contribute to episodic memory and new learning in<BR>humans as well as spatial memory | | + | |- |
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || accurate landmark navigation || vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies<BR>for orientation | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || moderates hippocampal-driven rhythmic firing frequency in medial mammillary || contribute to episodic memory and new learning in<BR>humans as well as spatial memory | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''Internal Region Connections:''' | |
* no connections | * no connections | ||
| − | + | '''External Inbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || <font color="red">Cortical</font> | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' |
| − | || [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (SUPGEN -> DTN)]] | | + | |- |
| − | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || | |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB|FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (SUPGEN -> DTN)]] |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_RMTG|FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB|FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [[http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx|Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)]] | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)]] | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH|LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | | + | |- |
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_RMTG|FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [[http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx|Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH|LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''External Outbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || <font color="red">Cortical</font> | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' |
| − | || [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)]] | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || (unknown reference) | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || |
| − | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM|FAM.FT.AM.BM]] || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)]] |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_IPD|FAM.HP.PPN.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)]] | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || (unknown reference) |
| − | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_ISL|LAC.HM.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_SSL|LAC.HM.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM|FAM.FT.AM.BM]] || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH|LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)]] | | + | |- |
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_IPD|FAM.HP.PPN.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_ISL|LAC.HM.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_SSL|LAC.HM.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH|LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [[http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells|Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
== Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness == | == Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness == | ||
| Line 119: | Line 200: | ||
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_DA.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_DA.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus || LUS || Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues || | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''Internal Region Connections:''' | |
* no connections | * no connections | ||
| − | + | '''External Inbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | | + | |- |
| − | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | | + | |- |
| + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''External Outbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || <font color="red">Cortical</font> | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' |
| − | || [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex-DA || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> PFC, abstract)]] | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || |
| − | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEC|FAM.FT.AM.CEC]] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)]] | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex-DA || (unknown reference) |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html|Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)]] | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html|Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)]] | + | | || || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> PFC, abstract)]] |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1D|FMM.FT.HC.CA1D]] || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || nucleus-allocortex-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)]] | | + | |- |
| − | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> MPOA)]] | + | |- |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|LAC.FD.HT.PRM]] || Premammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEC|FAM.FT.AM.CEC]] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)]] |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)]] | | + | |- |
| + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html|Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html|Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1D|FMM.FT.HC.CA1D]] || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || nucleus-allocortex-DA || [[http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity|Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC|FMM.NC.PH.LEC]] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [[http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html|Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> MPOA)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|LAC.FD.HT.PRM]] || Premammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
== Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body == | == Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body == | ||
| Line 154: | Line 258: | ||
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_ENK.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_ENK.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus || LUS || Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour || if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness<BR>is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results<BR>in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory<BR>nucleus | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''Internal Region Connections:''' | |
* no connections | * no connections | ||
| − | + | '''External Inbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || <font color="red">Cortical</font> | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' |
| − | || [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp|Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)]] | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|LAC.FD.HT.VM]] || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | | + | | [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp|Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)]] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|LAC.FD.HT.VM]] || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''External Outbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || <font color="red">Subcortical</font> | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HP_BR|LAC.HP.BR]] || Barrington's Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || [[http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html|Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)]] | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HP_BR|LAC.HP.BR]] || Barrington's Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || [[http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html|Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)]] |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV|LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | | + | |- |
| − | + | | [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RA|LRC.HM.RA]] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLRC_HP_PN_SC|LRC.HP.PN.SC]] || Nucleus Subceruleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | | + | | [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV|LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLPC_HM_AMB|LPC.HM.AMB]] || Ambiguus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RA|LRC.HM.RA]] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLRC_HP_PN_SC|LRC.HP.PN.SC]] || Nucleus Subceruleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |} | ||
== Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response == | == Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response == | ||
| Line 187: | Line 312: | ||
<img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_NE.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | <img src="http://ahuman.googlecode.com/svn/images/dot/aHuman/LMC_NE.dot.png" alt="unavailable"> | ||
| − | || '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli || NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio,<BR>suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral<BR>inhibition); inhibitory nucleus | | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli || NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio,<BR>suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral<BR>inhibition); inhibitory nucleus | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''Internal Region Connections:''' | |
* no connections | * no connections | ||
| − | + | '''External Inbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | |
| − | || [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || [[http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full|Vocal Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)]] | | + | |- |
| − | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || | |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || [[http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full|Vocal Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)]] |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|LAC.FD.HT.TBM]] || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RF_MED|LRC.HM.RF.MED]] || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|LAC.FD.HT.TBM]] || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RF_MED|LRC.HM.RF.MED]] || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |} | ||
| − | + | '''External Outbound Region Connections:''' | |
| − | || '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | | + | {| class=wikitable width=80% |
| − | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | |
| − | || [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|FAM.FD.MHB]] || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) | + | |- |
| − | || || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] || Diagonal Band of Broca || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) | | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || |
| − | + | |- | |
| − | || [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] || Intermediolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)]] | | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|FAM.FD.MHB]] || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] || Diagonal Band of Broca || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED|FEC.FT.SNC.MED]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] || Intermediolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || [[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders|Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
= Thirdparty Circuits = | = Thirdparty Circuits = | ||
Revision as of 01:14, 17 June 2015
Modulatory Contol Area
Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLMC
Contents
- 1 Local Circuits
- 1.1 Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
- 1.2 Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
- 1.3 Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
- 1.4 Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
- 1.5 Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
- 2 Thirdparty Circuits
- 3 References
Local Circuits
(generated)
| ID | Name | Regions |
| 5HT | Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness | LMC.HM.RP.MG, LMC.HM.RP.OB, LMC.HM.RP.PL, LMC.HP.RP.PRN, LMC.MM.RF.SUC, LMC.MM.RP.DRN |
| ACH | Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward | LMC.FT.NBM, LMC.HP.TG.DTG, LMC.HP.TG.LDT, LMC.HP.TG.VTG |
| DA | Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness | LMC.MM.VTA |
| ENK | Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body | LMC.MM.PAG |
| NE | Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response | LMC.HP.LC |
Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.HM.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Inhubit head and spinal pain | B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in substantia gelatinosa |
| LMC.HM.RP.OB | Raphe Obscurus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column | B2 |
| LMC.HM.RP.PL | Raphe Pallidus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Spinal pain control | B1 |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | Pontine Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulation of sleep cycle | Projects to CR, forebrain; inhibitory nucleus |
| LMC.MM.RF.SUC | Superior Central Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus; Hallucinations |
Directs HC to disregard insignificant events; inhibitory nucleus; B6,B8; Insomnia; inhibitory nucleus |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | Dorsal Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulation of sleep and mood | Major source of 5HT; inhibitory nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)] |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | [Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)] | |
| LAC | LMC.HM.RP.MG | LAC.FD.HT.LTN | Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HM.RP.OB | LAC.FD.HT.PO | Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC | LMC.HM.RP.MG | LLC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | LLC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | LLC.FD.TH.SF | Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC | LMC.HM.RP.MG | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HM.RP.PL | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FAM.FD.LHB.LT | Lateral Habenula Lateral Part | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.SEP.LT | Lateral Septal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FEC.FD.STN.ICD | Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| FMM | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | LAC.FD.HT.PN | Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.SUM | Supramammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC | LMC.HM.RP.OB | LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | LLC.HP.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | (unknown reference) | |
| LPC | LMC.HM.RP.MG | LPC.SC.PH.LSG | Lower Substantia Gelatinosa | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.SC.PH.USG | Upper Substantia Gelatinosa | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HM.RP.OB | LPC.SC.IZ.IMM | Intermediomedial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.HM.RP.PL | LPC.SC.PH.LMG | Lower Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | |
| LPC.SC.PH.UMG | Upper Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | LPC.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | nucleus | FAU | Control imagination vs perception | ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus |
| LMC.HP.TG.DTG | Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | accurate landmark navigation | vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies for orientation |
| LMC.HP.TG.LDT | Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses | sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward |
| LMC.HP.TG.VTG | Ventral Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | moderates hippocampal-driven rhythmic firing frequency in medial mammillary | contribute to episodic memory and new learning in humans as well as spatial memory |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NSA | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | NSA.FD.TH.SG | Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | [Direction Cell Circuit (SUPGEN -> DTN)] |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.FT.NBM | FAM.FT.AM.AB | Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HP.TG.DTG | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.HP.TG.LDT | FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.HP.TG.VTG | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| FEC | LMC.FT.NBM | FEC.FD.STN.CD | Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FEC.FT.ACC.SH | Nucleus Accumbens Shell | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)] | ||
| FMM | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | FMM.FD.MB.LMB | Lateral Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)] |
| LRC | LMC.HP.TG.DTG | LRC.HM.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | LMC.FT.NBM | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-ACh | [and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)] |
| NSA | LMC.FT.NBM | NSA.NC.OCC.V1 | Primary Visual Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.FT.NBM | FAM.FT.AM.BM | Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.TG.LDT | FAM.HP.PPN.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | [Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)] | |
| FMM | LMC.HP.TG.DTG | FMM.FD.MB.LMB | Lateral Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.TG.VTG | FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LAC | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | LAC.HM.SAL.ISL | Inferior Salivatory Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.HM.SAL.SSL | Superior Salivatory Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC | LMC.HP.TG.VTG | LMC.MM.VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LRC | LMC.HP.TG.LDT | LRC.HM.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | [Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)] |
Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.MM.VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area | nucleus | LUS | Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.VTA | FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FEC | LMC.MM.VTA | FEC.FT.ACC.CORE | Nucleus Accumbens Core | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | [circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)] |
| LMC | LMC.MM.VTA | LMC.HP.TG.VTG | Ventral Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | LMC.MM.VTA | NDM.NC.AL.DACG | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area | nucleus-neocortex-DA | (unknown reference) |
| NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-DA | [circuit of human brain (VTA -> PFC, abstract)] | ||
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.VTA | FAM.FT.AM.CEC | Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision | nucleus-nucleus-DA | [circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)] |
| FEC | LMC.MM.VTA | FEC.FT.ACC.SH | Nucleus Accumbens Shell | nucleus-nucleus-DA | [(VTA -> NACC, abstract)] |
| FMM | LMC.MM.VTA | FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-DA | [bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)] |
| FMM.FT.HC.CA1D | Distal CA1 of Hippocampus | nucleus-allocortex-DA | [circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)] | ||
| FMM.NC.PH.LEC | Lateral Entorhinal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-DA | [Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)] | ||
| LAC | LMC.MM.VTA | LAC.FD.HT.PO | Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-DA | [and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> MPOA)] |
| LAC.FD.HT.PRM | Premammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-DA | (unknown reference) | ||
| LAC.FD.HT.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-DA | [and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)] |
Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus | LUS | Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour | if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NCP | LMC.MM.PAG | NCP.NC.AL.SGCG | Subgenual Cingulate Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.PAG | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | [disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)] |
| LAC | LMC.MM.PAG | LAC.FD.HT.VM | Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| LAC | LMC.MM.PAG | LAC.HP.BR | Barrington's Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | [overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)] |
| LLC | LMC.MM.PAG | LLC.FD.TH.SF | Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LMC | LMC.MM.PAG | LMC.HM.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HM.RP.PL | Raphe Pallidus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC | LMC.MM.PAG | LPC.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.HM.AMB | Ambiguus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LMC.MM.PAG | LRC.HM.RA | Retroambigualis Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LRC.HP.PN.SC | Nucleus Subceruleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.HP.LC | Locus Coeruleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli | NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio, suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral inhibition); inhibitory nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | LMC.HP.LC | NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-nucleus | [Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)] |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.HP.LC | FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.HP.LC | LAC.FD.HT.DM | Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.TBM | Tuberomammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LMC.HP.LC | LRC.HM.RF.MED | Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.HP.LC | FAM.FD.MHB | Medial Habenula | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | Diagonal Band of Broca | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | LMC.HP.LC | FEC.FT.SNC.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.HP.LC | LAC.SC.IZ.IML | Intermediolateral Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-NE | [and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)] |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- [Connections] - see [[1]]
- [and its network] - see [[3]]
- [bodies: two memory systems in one] - see [[4]]
- [disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [[5]]
- [of Social Brain] - see [[6]]
- [mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm] - see [[7]]
- [decision-making] - see [[9]]
- [circuit of human brain] - see [[10]]
- [Direction Cell Circuit] - see [[15]]
- [Nucleus of Meynert] - see Reference
- [basal ganglia circuit] - see [[16]]
References
(generated)
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
- http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
- http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html
- http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
- http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html
- http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
- http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
- http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity
- http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html
- http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0
- article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
- article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf
- http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx
![[11]](http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg%7CCraving){kind=link}
