BrainRegionFEC FT VP VM

Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial

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This page covers biological details of component Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

• Top-down path to region: Forebrain Telencephalon -> Basal Ganglia (FEC.FT.BG) -> Globus Pallidus (FEC.FT.GP) -> Ventral Pallidum (FEC.FT.VP) -> Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial (FEC.FT.VP.VM) (see Mind Maps)
• Type: nucleus
• Brain area: Forebrain - Execution Control Area
• Role: basal.ganglia.pallidum
• Function: motivational loop, NAcc-shell
• Notes to function: projects to VTA, MD; circuit - VP-VM-medial, VMPFC, NAcc-medial-shell, MD-rostral-medial; circuit - VP-VM-lateral, VINS, NAcc-VL, MD-central

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Components

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• no child items defined

Connectivity

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Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
FEC	FEC.FD.STN.DL	Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral	excitatory-glu	Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN -> VP, abstract)
	FEC.FT.ACC.SH	Nucleus Accumbens Shell	inhibitory-gaba	Craving (NACC -> VPAL, abstract)
	FEC.FT.IPAC.LT	Lateral Interstitial Anterior Commissural Nucleus	inhibitory-gaba	(unknown reference)

Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
FAM	FAM.FD.LHB.MED	Lateral Habenula Medial Part	inhibitory-gaba	Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (VP -> LHbM, abstract)
	FAM.FD.TH.PT	Paratenial Nucleus of Thalamus	inhibitory-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
FEC	FEC.HT.TG.RMTG	Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus	inhibitory-gaba	(unknown reference)
LMC	LMC.HT.TG.PPN	Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei	inhibitory-gaba	Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract)
	LMC.MM.VTA	Ventral Tegmental Area	inhibitory-gaba	Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract)
NCP	NCP.FD.TH.MDC	Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus	inhibitory-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)

Thirdparty Circuits

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• Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning - see Reference

map: 
ACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see Hippocampal Formation)
CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see Hippocampal Formation)
DG=Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PPTG=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN
SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Saccadic Vision - see Reference

map: 
BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex)
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia)
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SNpr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area)
Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH
VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC

• Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems - see Reference

map: 
DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DRN=Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN
GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see Basal Ganglia)
IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
LHbL=Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT
LHbM=Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED
LPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
LS=Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT
MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
MS=Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED
PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see Septal Nuclei)
RMTg=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

• Craving - see Reference

map: 
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial,FEC.FT.SNR.MED
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA

References

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• http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
• http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html
• http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html