Difference between revisions of "BrainAreaLMC"
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| 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] | | 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT | + | | ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] |
|- | |- | ||
| DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] | | DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
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| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> MRN, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)] |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> DRN)] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_PPN_IPD|FEC.HT.PPN.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> MRN, abstract)] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_PPN_RMTG|FEC.HT.PPN.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> MRN, abstract)] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_PPN_IPD|FEC.HT.PPN.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> DRN)] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_PPN_RMTG|FEC.HT.PPN.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> DRN)] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (LHAB -> DTN, abstract)] | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (LHAB -> DTN, abstract)] | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | | [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_ISL|LAC.HL.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_ISL|LAC.HL.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_SSL|LAC.HL.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_SSL|LAC.HL.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference) | ||
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| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> VTA)] |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)] | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)] | ||
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| || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM|FEC.FT.VP.VM]] || Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract)] | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM|FEC.FT.VP.VM]] || Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract)] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_PPN_IPD|FEC.HT.PPN.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> VTA)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_PPN_RMTG|FEC.HT.PPN.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (RMTG -> VTA)] |
|} | |} | ||
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<img src="http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | <img src="http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/images/nn.3779-F2.jpg Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Reference] | ||
| + | |||
| + | <img src="http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/images/nn.3779-F2.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
* [http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png Amygdala and its network] - see [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference] | * [http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png Amygdala and its network] - see [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference] | ||
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* http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula | * http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula | ||
* http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders | * http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders | ||
| + | * http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html | ||
* http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin | * http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin | ||
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html | * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html | ||
Revision as of 20:50, 20 August 2015
Modulatory Contol Area
Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLMC
Contents
- 1 Local Circuits
- 1.1 Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
- 1.2 Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
- 1.3 Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
- 1.4 Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
- 1.5 Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
- 2 Thirdparty Circuits
- 3 References
Local Circuits
(generated)
| ID | Name | Regions |
| 5HT | Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness | LMC.HL.RP.MG, LMC.HL.RP.OB, LMC.HL.RP.PL, LMC.HP.RP.LI, LMC.HP.RP.PRN, LMC.MM.RF.SUC, LMC.MM.RP.DRN |
| ACH | Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward | LMC.FT.NBM, LMC.HT.TG.DTG, LMC.HT.TG.LDT |
| DA | Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness | LMC.MM.VTA |
| ENK | Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body | LMC.MM.PAG |
| NE | Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response | LMC.HT.LC |
Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.HL.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Inhubit head and spinal pain | B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in substantia gelatinosa |
| LMC.HL.RP.OB | Raphe Obscurus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column | B2 |
| LMC.HL.RP.PL | Raphe Pallidus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Spinal pain control | B1 |
| LMC.HP.RP.LI | Raphe Nucleus Linearis | nucleus | LUS | Release of 5-HT was only obtained on stimulation of this nucleus | B8, Does not project to CR, but to forebrain, to dorsal raphe nucleus (lies above DRN); dendrites to vascular plexus, maybe sensing blood pressure |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | Pontine Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulation of sleep cycle | Projects to CR, forebrain; inhibitory nucleus |
| LMC.MM.RF.SUC | Superior Central Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus; Hallucinations |
Directs HC to disregard insignificant events; inhibitory nucleus; B6,B8; Insomnia; inhibitory nucleus |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | Dorsal Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulation of sleep and mood | Major source of 5HT; inhibitory nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Reference |
| LMC.HP.RP.LI | LMC.MM.RP.DRN | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.HL.RP.MG | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> MRN, abstract) |
| LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract) | |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> DRN) | |
| FEC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | FEC.HT.PPN.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> MRN, abstract) |
| FEC.HT.PPN.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> MRN, abstract) | ||
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | FEC.HT.PPN.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> DRN) | |
| FEC.HT.PPN.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> DRN) | ||
| LAC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | LAC.FD.HT.LTN | Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HL.RP.OB | LAC.FD.HT.PO | Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | LLC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | LLC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | LLC.FD.TH.SF | Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HL.RP.PL | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FAM.FD.LHB.LT | Lateral Habenula Lateral Part | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.SEP.LT | Lateral Septal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FEC.FD.STN.ICD | Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| FMM | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.MM.RF.SUC | LAC.FD.HT.PN | Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.SUM | Supramammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC | LMC.HL.RP.OB | LLC.HT.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | LLC.HT.CR.SC | Spinocerebellum | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | (unknown reference) | |
| LPC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | LPC.SC.PH.LSG | Lower Substantia Gelatinosa | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.SC.PH.USG | Upper Substantia Gelatinosa | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HL.RP.OB | LPC.SC.IZ.IMM | Intermediomedial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.HL.RP.PL | LPC.SC.PH.LMG | Lower Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | |
| LPC.SC.PH.UMG | Upper Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | LPC.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | (unknown reference) |
Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | nucleus | FAU | Control imagination vs perception | ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus |
| LMC.HT.TG.DTG | Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | accurate landmark navigation | vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies for orientation |
| LMC.HT.TG.LDT | Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses | sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NSA | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | NSA.FD.TH.SG | Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.FT.NBM | FAM.FT.AM.AB | Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HT.TG.DTG | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | Head Direction Cell Circuit (LHAB -> DTN, abstract) | |
| FEC | LMC.FT.NBM | FEC.FD.STN.CD | Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| FEC.FT.ACC.SH | Nucleus Accumbens Shell | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract) | ||
| LMC.HT.TG.DTG | FEC.HT.PPN.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN) | |
| LMC.HT.TG.LDT | FEC.HT.PPN.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | (unknown reference) | |
| FMM | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | FMM.FD.MB.LMB | Lateral Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Hippocampal Formation (LMam -> DTN) |
| LRC | LMC.HT.TG.DTG | LRC.HL.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | LMC.FT.NBM | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-ACh | Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract) |
| NSA | LMC.FT.NBM | NSA.NC.OCC.V1 | Primary Visual Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HT.TG.DTG | NSA.FD.TH.SG | Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> SUPGEN) | |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.FT.NBM | FAM.FT.AM.BM | Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| FEC | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | FEC.HT.PPN.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| FMM | LMC.HT.TG.DTG | FMM.FD.MB.LMB | Lateral Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | LAC.HL.SAL.ISL | Inferior Salivatory Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.HL.SAL.SSL | Superior Salivatory Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | LRC.HL.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | (unknown reference) |
Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.MM.VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area | nucleus | LUS | Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.VTA | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> VTA) |
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | LMC.MM.VTA | FEC.FT.ACC.CORE | Nucleus Accumbens Core | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract) |
| FEC.FT.VP.VM | Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract) | ||
| FEC.HT.PPN.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> VTA) | ||
| FEC.HT.PPN.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | Amygdala and its network (RMTG -> VTA) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus | LUS | Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour | if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NCP | LMC.MM.PAG | NCP.NC.AL.SGCG | Subgenual Cingulate Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.PAG | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract) |
| LAC | LMC.MM.PAG | LAC.FD.HT.VM | Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| LAC | LMC.MM.PAG | LAC.HT.BR | Barrington's Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR) |
| LLC | LMC.MM.PAG | LLC.FD.TH.SF | Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LMC | LMC.MM.PAG | LMC.HL.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HL.RP.PL | Raphe Pallidus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) | ||
| LPC | LMC.MM.PAG | LPC.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.HL.AMB | Ambiguus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LMC.MM.PAG | LRC.HL.RA | Retroambigualis Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
| LRC.HT.NSC | Nucleus Subceruleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | (unknown reference) |
Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments |
| LMC.HT.LC | Locus Coeruleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli | NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio, suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral inhibition); inhibitory nucleus |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Reference |
| Cortical | |||||
| NDM | LMC.HT.LC | NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.HT.LC | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract) |
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LAC | LMC.HT.LC | LAC.FD.HT.DM | Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.TBM | Tuberomammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LMC.HT.LC | LRC.HL.RF.MED | Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Reference |
| Subcortical | |||||
| FAM | LMC.HT.LC | FAM.FD.MHB | Medial Habenula | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | Diagonal Band of Broca | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | LMC.HT.LC | FEC.FT.SNC.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial | nucleus-nucleus-NE | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.HT.LC | LAC.SC.IZ.IML | Intermediolateral Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-NE | Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML) |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning - see Reference
- Pain matrix - see Reference
References
(generated)
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
- http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
- http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html
- http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html
- http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
- http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
- http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html
- http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
- http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
- http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity
- http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html
- http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0
- article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf
- http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
- article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf
- http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx
