Difference between revisions of "BrainRegionNDM NC AL VACG"

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<pre style="color: green">Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area</pre>
 
<pre style="color: green">Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area</pre>
 
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNDM]] -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG]]
 
@@[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaNDM]] -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG]]
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* '''Top-down path to region''': Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NC.ACG) -> Anterior Cingulate Cortex (NC.AL.ACG) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.VACG) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
 
* '''Top-down path to region''': Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NC.ACG) -> Anterior Cingulate Cortex (NC.AL.ACG) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area]] (NDM.NC.AL.VACG) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]])
 
* '''Type''': cortex
 
* '''Type''': cortex
−
* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNDM|Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area]]
+
* '''Quality''': L0
 +
* '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNDM|Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area]] (NDM)
 +
* '''Area circuit''': Unimodal Control (UMC)
 
* '''Brodmann ID''': 24
 
* '''Brodmann ID''': 24
 
* '''Role''': cortex.generic
 
* '''Role''': cortex.generic
 
* '''Function''': Seat of Free Will
 
* '''Function''': Seat of Free Will
−
* '''Notes to function''': motor, attentional and cognitive functions; BA24-rostral
+
* '''Notes to function''':  
 +
** motor, attentional and cognitive functions
 +
**  BA24-rostral
 
(generated)
 
(generated)
 
= Components =
 
= Components =
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{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
+
| '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB|FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB|FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|NCP.FD.TH.AM]] || Anteromedial Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|NCP.FD.TH.AM]] || Anteromedial Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n3/box/nrn1345_BX1.html Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Regulation of Social Brain (SGC -> VACC)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Regulation of Social Brain (SGC -> VACC)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC|NCP.NC.INS.AIC]] || Anterior Insular Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> ACG, abstract)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_AIC|NCP.NC.INS.AIC]] || Anterior Insular Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> ACG, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || feedforward-glu || [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Principal Connections of Hippocampus (DorsalCingulate -> VentralCingulate)]
+
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Principal Connections of Hippocampus (DorsalCingulate -> VentralCingulate)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|NDM.NC.AL.IPG]] || Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus || feedforward-glu || [http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full Directed Effort Network (fPole -> vACC)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|NDM.NC.AL.IPG]] || Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full Directed Effort Network (fPole -> vACC)]
 
|}
 
|}
  
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{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''
+
| '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD|FEC.FT.CN.BD]] || Caudate Nucleus Body || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_CN_BD|FEC.FT.CN.BD]] || Caudate Nucleus Body || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_VT|FEC.FT.PU.VT]] || Ventral Putamen || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_VT|FEC.FT.PU.VT]] || Ventral Putamen || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_PDT|LLC.HT.PRF.PDT]] || Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> PNN, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_PRF_RTMG|LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG]] || Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD|LLC.MM.RD]] || Red Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> RD, abstract)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_RD_PV|LLC.MM.RD.PV]] || Parvocellular Part of Red Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> RD, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || excitatory-glu || (unknown reference)
+
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]] || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Principal Connections of Hippocampus (VentralCingulate -> PosteriorCingulate)]
+
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]] || Posterior Cingulate Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Principal Connections of Hippocampus (VentralCingulate -> PosteriorCingulate)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR]] || Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || feedforward-glu || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> LPFC, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR]] || Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> LPFC, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || (unknown reference)
+
| [[BrainAreaNMA|NMA]] || [[BrainRegionNMA_NC_PMC_F2|NMA.NC.PMC.F2]] || Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|}
 
|}
  
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(generated)
 
(generated)
  
−
* [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.gif Principal Connections of Hippocampus] - see [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Reference]
+
* [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.gif Principal Connections of Hippocampus] - see [http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html Reference] (CT.CINGULUM-CONNECTIONS)
 +
 
 +
AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 +
DG=[[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG|Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG]]
 +
DorsalCingulate=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
 +
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 +
HC=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
MB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB]]
 +
PosteriorCingulate=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]]
 +
SEP=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]]
 +
SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
VentralCingulate=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b2f112f73e5b1419bea90cefc9f4b29a.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference] (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)
  
−
<img src="http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 +
BGA=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 +
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 +
LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
 +
OPN=[[BrainRegionLPC_MM_OCN|Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN]]
 +
ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
 +
Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus]])
 +
RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 +
Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
 +
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 +
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 +
SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]
 +
SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
 +
SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see [[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn]])
 +
Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VisualCortex=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7192d7e1c7041f25a6eddc32c4f67e91.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg Global visual system] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Reference]
+
* [http://dev.epubbud.com/uploads/9/2/6/9263981/images/Medical_Physiology_A_Systems_Approach__1e_2011_pdf/index-187_1.jpg Motor neurons control] - see [http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/ Reference] (CM.CR-MN)
  
−
<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0959438808001566-gr1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 +
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 +
EAMN=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 +
EGMN=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 +
FAMN=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 +
FG=[[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FG|Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG]]
 +
IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 +
LT=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 +
MRF=[[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation,HL.RF]]
 +
PRF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 +
RD=[[BrainCenterLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]
 +
VB=[[BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN|Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/2c4f43876377580a8d7d56c656b782f4.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblconn.gif Cerebellum functional divisions] - see [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Reference]
+
* [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblconn.gif Cerebellum functional divisions] - see [http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm Reference] (CM.CR-DECUSSATION)
  
−
<img src="http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblconn.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
CCV=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_CCV|Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV]]
 +
CRP=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_CC|Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC]]
 +
CRS=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV]]
 +
CRV=[[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_VM|Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM]]
 +
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 +
DN=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 +
FG=[[BrainRegionLRC_HT_CR_FG|Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG]]
 +
IO=[[BrainRegionLLC_HL_IO|Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO]]
 +
IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see [[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex]])
 +
LT=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_DN|Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN]]
 +
PNN=[[BrainRegionLLC_HT_BPN|Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN]]
 +
RD=[[BrainCenterLLC_MM_RD|Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD]]
 +
RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 +
SCM=[[BrainCenterSC_VH|Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH]]
 +
SCS=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_NP|Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP]]
 +
SCSD=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_CL|Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL]]
 +
VB=[[BrainCenterLPC_HT_VBN|Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN]]
 +
VBG=[[BrainCenterLPC_PN_SG_VB|Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB]]
 +
VL=[[BrainRegionNMA_FD_TH_VL|Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b5905a380626f8f7f1f3ad0a2bf2762a.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg Afferent pain pathways] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Reference]
+
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg Afferent pain pathways] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Reference] (CF.PAIN-PATH)
  
−
<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 +
AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 +
Cerebellum=[[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]]
 +
Insula=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 +
PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 +
PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 +
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 +
S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
S2=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2|Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2]]
 +
SC=[[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH|Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH]]
 +
Thalamus=[[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/efdfc437211a8a58c0e2fdfb40cbfe3c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.medium.gif Role for serotonin in moral behavior] - see [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Reference]
+
* [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.medium.gif Role for serotonin in moral behavior] - see [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Reference] (CF.EMOTIONAL-MODULATION)
  
−
<img src="http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.medium.gif" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 +
AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
HYP=[[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus,FD.HT]]
 +
LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/6c0fbccf57032694ec1009c388ac9561.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg Regulation of Social Brain] - see [http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Reference]
+
* [http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg Regulation of Social Brain] - see [http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Reference] (CT.SOCIAL-BRAIN)
  
−
<img src="http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
AMG=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
DACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
 +
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
IFG=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG]]
 +
LSN=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
 +
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 +
Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
SGC=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]]
 +
SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/799323d73ce1925d1148d2575e2779a9.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/18691/fnhum-06-00184-HTML/image_m/fnhum-06-00184-g001.jpg Directed Effort Network] - see [http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full Reference]
+
* [http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/18691/fnhum-06-00184-HTML/image_m/fnhum-06-00184-g001.jpg Directed Effort Network] - see [http://www.frontiersin.org/Human_Neuroscience/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00184/full Reference] (CT.DIRECTED-EFFORT-NETWORK)
  
−
<img src="http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/18691/fnhum-06-00184-HTML/image_m/fnhum-06-00184-g001.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
AC22=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4]]
 +
ACA=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A2|Auditory Association Area,NSA.NC.TTG.A2]]
 +
AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
Insula=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 +
OPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
PPC=[[BrainCenterNC_IPL|Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL]]
 +
dACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
 +
fPole=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG]]
 +
tPole=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_TPC|Temporopolar Cortex,NCP.NC.TPC]]
 +
vACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/4770740a2066720a5b5aa9ee4cb2f3bc.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/10053/fnana-05-00034-r1/image_m/fnana-05-00034-g002.jpg Vocal Control] - see [http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Reference]
+
* [http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/10053/fnana-05-00034-r1/image_m/fnana-05-00034-g002.jpg Vocal Control] - see [http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Reference] (CM.VOCAL-CONTROL)
  
−
<img src="http://c431376.r76.cf2.rackcdn.com/10053/fnana-05-00034-r1/image_m/fnana-05-00034-g002.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
+
A1=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_TTG_A1|Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1]]
 +
Broca=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
M2=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
 +
MotorV=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_TRM|Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM]]
 +
MotorVII=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_FCM|Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM]]
 +
NucleusAmbiguus=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB]]
 +
NucleusXII=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_HYG|Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG]]
 +
Premotor24=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
 +
RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 +
Wernike=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A4|Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/d7ea49d94cfa13f82767b076295ae18c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
  
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* http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html
 
* http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0071402357/156721/figure350_1.html
 
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
 
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
 +
* http://openagrosrl.com/www/page/292/
 
* http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm
 
* http://instruct.uwo.ca/anatomy/530/cblm.htm
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html

Latest revision as of 18:33, 28 April 2019

Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area

@@Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaNDM -> BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG

This page covers biological details of component Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.

  • Top-down path to region: Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> Anterior Cingulate Area (NC.ACG) -> Anterior Cingulate Cortex (NC.AL.ACG) -> Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG) (see Mind Maps)
  • Type: cortex
  • Quality: L0
  • Brain area: Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area (NDM)
  • Area circuit: Unimodal Control (UMC)
  • Brodmann ID: 24
  • Role: cortex.generic
  • Function: Seat of Free Will
  • Notes to function:
    • motor, attentional and cognitive functions
    • BA24-rostral

(generated)

Components

(generated)


  • no child items defined

Connectivity

(generated)


NDM.NC.AL.VACG.dot.png

Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Source Region Source Name Type Role Reference
FAM FAM.FT.AM.AB Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus excitatory-glu uncertain Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> ACG, abstract)
NCP NCP.FD.TH.AM Anteromedial Nucleus excitatory-glu uncertain Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
NCP.NC.AL.SGCG Subgenual Cingulate Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain Regulation of Social Brain (SGC -> VACC)
NCP.NC.INS.AIC Anterior Insular Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> ACG, abstract)
NDM NDM.NC.AL.DACG Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area feedforward-glu uncertain Principal Connections of Hippocampus (DorsalCingulate -> VentralCingulate)
NDM.NC.AL.FPC Lateral Frontopolar Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract)
NDM.NC.AL.IPG Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus feedforward-glu uncertain Directed Effort Network (fPole -> vACC)

Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Target Region Target Name Type Role Reference
FAM FAM.FT.AM.BP Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus excitatory-glu uncertain Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> AMY, abstract)
FEC FEC.FT.ACC.SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell excitatory-glu uncertain Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
FEC.FT.CN.BD Caudate Nucleus Body excitatory-glu uncertain Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
FEC.FT.PU.VT Ventral Putamen excitatory-glu uncertain Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
LLC LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus excitatory-glu uncertain Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
LLC.MM.RD.PV Parvocellular Part of Red Nucleus excitatory-glu uncertain Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> RD, abstract)
LMC LMC.HT.LC Locus Coeruleus excitatory-glu uncertain (unknown reference)
NCP NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG Posterior Cingulate Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain Principal Connections of Hippocampus (VentralCingulate -> PosteriorCingulate)
NDM NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain Role for serotonin in moral behavior (ACG -> LPFC, abstract)
NMA NMA.NC.PMC.F2 Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex feedforward-glu uncertain (unknown reference)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated) 

AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
AN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
DG=Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG
DorsalCingulate=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
HC=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
MB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB
PosteriorCingulate=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG
SEP=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
VentralCingulate=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG


ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
BGA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
OPN=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN
ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see Sensory Thalamus)
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see Anterior/Ventral Horn)
Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC


CR=Cerebellum,LLC.HT.CR (see Cerebellar Complex)
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
EAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
EGMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
FAMN=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG
IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see Cerebellar Complex)
LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
MRF=Medullary Reticular Formation,HL.RF
PRF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD
VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN


CCV=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV
CRP=Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC
CRS=Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV
CRV=Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
DN=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG
IO=Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO
IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (see Cerebellar Complex)
LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN
PNN=Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN
RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
SCM=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH
SCS=Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP
SCSD=Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL
VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN
VBG=Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB
VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL


ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
Cerebellum=Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC
Insula=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
PB=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
S2=Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2
SC=Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH
Thalamus=Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR


ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
HYP=Hypothalamus,FD.HT
LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)


AMG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
DACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IFG=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG
LSN=Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia)
SGC=Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG
SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia)
VACC=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)


AC22=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4
ACA=Auditory Association Area,NSA.NC.TTG.A2
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
Insula=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
OPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PPC=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL
dACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
fPole=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG
tPole=Temporopolar Cortex,NCP.NC.TPC
vACC=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG


A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1
Broca=Broca's Area,NPE.NC.PFC.BRA (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
M2=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC
MotorV=Trigeminal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.TRM
MotorVII=Facial Motor Nucleus,LPC.HT.FCM
NucleusAmbiguus=Ambiguus Nucleus,LPC.HL.AMB
NucleusXII=Hypoglossal Motor Nucleus,LPC.HL.HYG
Premotor24=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Wernike=Wernicke's area A4,NSA.NC.STG.A4


References

(generated)

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