Difference between revisions of "BrainRegionNDM NC AL FPC"
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* '''Top-down path to region''': Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.PFC) -> [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NC.AL.OMPFC) -> Orbitofrontal Cortex (NC.AL.OPFC) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]]) | * '''Top-down path to region''': Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.PFC) -> [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]] (NC.AL.OMPFC) -> Orbitofrontal Cortex (NC.AL.OPFC) -> [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|Lateral Frontopolar Cortex]] (NDM.NC.AL.FPC) (see [[OverallMindMaps|Mind Maps]]) | ||
* '''Type''': cortex | * '''Type''': cortex | ||
| − | * '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNDM|Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area]] | + | * '''Quality''': L0 |
| + | * '''Brain area''': [[BrainAreaNDM|Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area]] (NDM) | ||
| + | * '''Area circuit''': High-Level Control (HLC) | ||
* '''Brodmann ID''': 10 | * '''Brodmann ID''': 10 | ||
* '''Role''': cortex.generic | * '''Role''': cortex.generic | ||
* '''Function''': Emotion Regulation | * '''Function''': Emotion Regulation | ||
| − | * '''Notes to function''': Frontopolar area, contains ILC - infralimbic cortex | + | * '''Notes to function''': |
| + | ** Frontopolar area, contains ILC - infralimbic cortex | ||
(generated) | (generated) | ||
= Components = | = Components = | ||
| Line 29: | Line 32: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || modulatory-ach || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || modulatory-ach || uncertain ||[http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || modulatory-da || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract)] | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || modulatory-da || uncertain ||[http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PPC|NCP.NC.INS.PPC]] || Peripaleocortical Claustral || feedforward-glu || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> MPFC, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_INS_PPC|NCP.NC.INS.PPC]] || Peripaleocortical Claustral || feedforward-glu || uncertain ||[http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> MPFC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|NDM.FD.TH.MDM]] || Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (MD -> MPFC, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_MDM|NDM.FD.TH.MDM]] || Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus || excitatory-glu || uncertain ||[http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (MD -> MPFC, abstract)] |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 43: | Line 46: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM|FAM.FT.AM.BM]] || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (OFC -> AMY, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM|FAM.FT.AM.BM]] || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (OFC -> AMY, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (MPFC -> BLN, abstract)] | + | | || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (MPFC -> BLN, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_SH|FAM.FT.SEP.SH]] || Septohippocampal Nucleus || excitatory-glu || (unknown reference) | + | | || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_SH|FAM.FT.SEP.SH]] || Septohippocampal Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || excitatory-glu || [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Affective basal ganglia circuit (OMPFC -> NACC, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Affective basal ganglia circuit (OMPFC -> NACC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED|FEC.FT.SNR.MED]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial || excitatory-glu || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)] | + | | || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED|FEC.FT.SNR.MED]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566 Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_RCH|LAC.FD.HT.RCH]] || Retrochiasmatic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> HT, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_RCH|LAC.FD.HT.RCH]] || Retrochiasmatic Nucleus || excitatory-glu || uncertain || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> HT, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR]] || Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || feedforward-glu || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> LPFC, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DLPFCR|NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR]] || Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988 Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> LPFC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || feedforward-glu || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract)] | + | | || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || feedforward-glu || uncertain || [http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract)] |
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:33, 28 April 2019
Lateral Frontopolar Cortex
@@Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaNDM -> BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC
This page covers biological details of component Lateral Frontopolar Cortex. Region is part of aHuman target integrated biological model.
- Top-down path to region: Cerebral Cortex -> Anterior Lobe (NC.LOBE.ANT) -> Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.PFC) -> Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NC.AL.OMPFC) -> Orbitofrontal Cortex (NC.AL.OPFC) -> Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC) (see Mind Maps)
- Type: cortex
- Quality: L0
- Brain area: Neocortical Brain - Decision Making Area (NDM)
- Area circuit: High-Level Control (HLC)
- Brodmann ID: 10
- Role: cortex.generic
- Function: Emotion Regulation
- Notes to function:
- Frontopolar area, contains ILC - infralimbic cortex
(generated)
Components
(generated)
- no child items defined
Connectivity
(generated)
Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| LMC | LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | modulatory-ach | uncertain | Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract) |
| LMC.MM.VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area | modulatory-da | uncertain | Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract) | |
| NCP | NCP.NC.INS.PPC | Peripaleocortical Claustral | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (INS -> MPFC, abstract) |
| NDM | NDM.FD.TH.MDM | Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Amygdala and its network (MD -> MPFC, abstract) |
Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| FAM | FAM.FT.AM.BM | Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (OFC -> AMY, abstract) |
| FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Amygdala and its network (MPFC -> BLN, abstract) | |
| FAM.FT.SEP.SH | Septohippocampal Nucleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| FEC | FEC.FT.ACC.CORE | Nucleus Accumbens Core | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Affective basal ganglia circuit (OMPFC -> NACC, abstract) |
| FEC.FT.SNR.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract) | |
| LAC | LAC.FD.HT.RCH | Retrochiasmatic Nucleus | excitatory-glu | uncertain | Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> HT, abstract) |
| NDM | NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR | Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior (OPFC -> LPFC, abstract) |
| NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | feedforward-glu | uncertain | Role for serotonin in moral behavior (OMPFC -> ACG, abstract) |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- Global visual system - see Reference (CP.GLOBAL-VISUAL-SYSTEM)
ATH=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus) BGA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG FrontalCortex=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN OPN=Oculomotor Nucleus,LPC.MM.OCN ParietalCortex=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR Pulvinar=Pulvinar,FD.PV (see Sensory Thalamus) RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT SCi=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) SCs=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL SpinalCord=Lamina IX,SC.VH.L9 (see Anterior/Ventral Horn) Striatum=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia) VisualCortex=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
- Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity - see Reference (CP.BOWELS)
AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see Basal Ganglia) LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN ME=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) NTS=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV VMN=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Thalamocortical relationships - see Reference (CL.THALAMUS-PROJECTIONS)
A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus) CM=Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN LP=Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus) MGN=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (see Sensory Thalamus) VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL VPL=Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL VPM=Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM pA=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia) pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) pLGN=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1 pLP=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC pMGN=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1 pP=Insular Cortex,NC.INS pVA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC pVL=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC pVPL=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 pVPM=Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) s1MD=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP s1P=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV s1VL=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (see Hypothalamus) s2MD=Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR s2P=Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR s2VL=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) sLD=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) sVA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (see Posterior/Dorsal Horn) sVPM=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
- Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in emotional behavior - see Reference (CF.PFC-EMOTIONS)
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM HCA=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) HT=Hypothalamus,FD.HT LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) OPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PCA=Medial Parietal Lobule,NC.MPL PN=Pontine Nuclear Complex,HT.PN (see Metencephalic Sensory Nuclei) TH=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus)
- Role for serotonin in moral behavior - see Reference (CF.EMOTIONAL-MODULATION)
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM HYP=Hypothalamus,FD.HT LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial,FEC.FT.SNR.MED VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia) VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Amygdala and its network - see Reference (CF.AM-NET)
BLN=Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see Amygdala) EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) HTS=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN ITC=Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see Amygdala) LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula) MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus) MPFC=Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG RMTG=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG STC=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3 VGDM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Affective basal ganglia circuit - see Reference (CF.AFFECTIVE-BG)
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) nBM=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM
References
(generated)
- http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438808001566
- http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html
- http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
- https://www.google.ru/search?hl=rutbo=ptbm=bksq=isbn:0080887988
- http://www.pnas.org/content/107/40/17071/F1.expansion.html
- http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
- http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
- http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx
