Difference between revisions of "BrainAreaLMC"

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| 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]]
 
| 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]]
+
| ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]]
 
| DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]]
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|-
 
|-
 
| [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus
 
| [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus
−
|-
 
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || accurate landmark navigation || vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies<BR>for orientation
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward
 
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei || nucleus || LUS || Provide sensory feedback to cerebral cortex; modulatory || contains Rostral (Pars dissipata, anterior,<BR>dissipated subnucleus, GABA), Caudal (Pars<BR>compacta, anterior, compact subnucleus, ACh)
 
|}
 
|}
  
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|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
 
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHbM -> DTG)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHbM -> DTG)]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
 
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
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|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)]
 
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN)]
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference)
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM|FEC.FT.VP.VM]] || Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf Hippocampal Formation (LMam -> DTN)]
+
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]] || Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (VLPO -> LDTg)]
 
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]] || Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (VLPO -> LDTg)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
+
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)
 
|}
 
|}
  
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| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || (unknown reference)
 
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> SUPGEN)]
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> SUPGEN)]
 +
|-
 +
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|NSA.FD.LGN]] || Lateral Geniculate Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN)]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||
 
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||
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| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)
 
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_DTG|LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_MED|FEC.FD.STN.MED]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Medial || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> STN, abstract)]
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|FEC.FT.SNR.DL]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> SNr, abstract)]
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf Hippocampal Formation (DTN -> LMam)]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_ISL|LAC.HL.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)
 
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_ISL|LAC.HL.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)
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|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_SSL|LAC.HL.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)
 
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_SSL|LAC.HL.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)
+
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)]
 +
|-
 +
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|LRC.MM.SC.INT]] || Intermediate Superior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)]
 
|}
 
|}
  
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|-
 
|-
 
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG)]
 
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG)]
−
|-
 
−
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|LAC.FD.HT.VM]] || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.expansion Spine induction on short primary dendrites in the ventrolateral VMH (VMH -> PAG)]
 
 
|}
 
|}
  
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<img src="http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
<img src="http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 +
* [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference]
 +
 +
<img src="http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
 
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Reference]
 
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Reference]
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<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
−
 
−
* [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference]
 
−
 
−
<img src="http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
  
 
* [http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg Oculomotor decision-making] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Reference]
 
* [http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg Oculomotor decision-making] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Reference]
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<img src="http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 
<img src="http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 +
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Reference]
 +
 +
<img src="http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 +
* [http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/graphic/revneuro-2014-0004_fig1.jpg Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons] - see [http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/revneuro-2014-0004.xml Reference]
 +
 +
<img src="http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/graphic/revneuro-2014-0004_fig1.jpg" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 +
* [http://www.endurance-education.com/home/aragorn/www/endurance/htdocs/wp-content/uploads/Stephenson-Jones-2012-Fig-9-1024x489.png Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey] - see [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Reference]
 +
 +
<img src="http://www.endurance-education.com/home/aragorn/www/endurance/htdocs/wp-content/uploads/Stephenson-Jones-2012-Fig-9-1024x489.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
 
* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg Hippocampal Formation] - see [[article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf|Reference]]
 
* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg Hippocampal Formation] - see [[article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf|Reference]]
Line 515: Line 535:
 
* http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633
 
* http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633
 
* http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
 
* http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
 +
* http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html
 
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
 
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
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* http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
 
* http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html
−
* http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
 
 
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
 
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html
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* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html
 
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0
 
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0
 +
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308
 +
* http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/revneuro-2014-0004.xml
 +
* http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs
 
* article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf
 
* article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf
 
* http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
 
* http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells

Revision as of 22:46, 7 June 2016

Modulatory Contol Area

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLMC

Local Circuits

(generated)

ID Name Regions
5HT Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness LMC.HL.RP.MG, LMC.HL.RP.OB, LMC.HL.RP.PL, LMC.HP.RP.LI, LMC.HP.RP.PRN, LMC.MM.RP.DRN, LMC.MM.RP.SUC
ACH Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward LMC.FT.NBM, LMC.HT.TG.LDT, LMC.HT.TG.PPN
DA Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness LMC.MM.VTA
ENK Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body LMC.MM.PAG
NE Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response LMC.HT.LC

Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.HL.RP.MG Raphe Magnus Nucleus nucleus LUS Inhibit head and spinal pain B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in
substantia gelatinosa
LMC.HL.RP.OB Raphe Obscurus Nucleus nucleus LUS Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column B2
LMC.HL.RP.PL Raphe Pallidus Nucleus nucleus LUS Spinal pain control B1
LMC.HP.RP.LI Raphe Nucleus Linearis nucleus LUS Release of 5-HT was only obtained on stimulation of this nucleus B8, Does not project to CR, but to forebrain, to
dorsal raphe nucleus (lies above DRN); dendrites to
vascular plexus, maybe sensing blood pressure
LMC.HP.RP.PRN Pontine Raphe Nucleus nucleus LUS Regulation of sleep cycle Projects to CR, forebrain; inhibitory nucleus
LMC.MM.RP.DRN Dorsal Raphe Nucleus nucleus LUS Regulation of sleep and mood Major source of 5HT; inhibitory nucleus
LMC.MM.RP.SUC Superior Central Raphe Nucleus nucleus LUS Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus;
Hallucinations 		Directs HC to disregard insignificant events;
inhibitory nucleus; B6,B8; Insomnia; inhibitory
nucleus

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region Target Region Type Reference
LMC.HP.RP.LI LMC.MM.RP.DRN nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.HL.RP.MG FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> MRN, abstract)
LMC.MM.RP.DRN FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> DRN)
LMC.MM.RP.SUC FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)
FEC LMC.HL.RP.MG FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> Raphe, abstract)
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> MRN, abstract)
LMC.MM.RP.DRN FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> DRN)
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> DRN)
LAC LMC.HL.RP.MG LAC.FD.HT.LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.PV Paraventricular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LMC.HL.RP.OB LAC.FD.HT.MPO Median Preoptic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LLC LMC.MM.RP.DRN LLC.FD.TH.SF Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-gaba (unknown reference)
LMC LMC.HL.RP.MG LMC.MM.PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter nucleus-nucleus-ENK Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)
LMC.HL.RP.PL LMC.MM.PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter nucleus-nucleus-ENK Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)
LRC LMC.HL.RP.MG LRC.MM.SCNF Subcuneiform Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.RP.PRN LRC.MM.SCNF Subcuneiform Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.MM.RP.DRN NDM.FD.TH.PV Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.RP.SUC FAM.FT.SEP.LT Lateral Septal Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.MM.RP.SUC FEC.FD.STN.ICD Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
FMM LMC.MM.RP.SUC FMM.FD.MB.MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LAC LMC.MM.RP.SUC LAC.FD.HT.PN Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.SUM Supramammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LLC LMC.HL.RP.OB LLC.HT.CR.PV Cerebellar Paravermis nucleus-allocortex-5HT (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.RP.PRN LLC.HT.CR.PV Cerebellar Paravermis nucleus-allocortex-5HT (unknown reference)
LPC LMC.HL.RP.MG LPC.SC.PH.LSG Lower Substantia Gelatinosa nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LPC.SC.PH.USG Upper Substantia Gelatinosa nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LMC.HL.RP.OB LPC.SC.IZ.IMM Intermediomedial Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LMC.HL.RP.PL LPC.SC.PH.LMG Lower Marginal Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)
LPC.SC.PH.UMG Upper Marginal Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT (unknown reference)

Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.FT.NBM Basal Nucleus of Meynert nucleus FAU Control imagination vs perception ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus
LMC.HT.TG.LDT Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus nucleus LUS Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward
LMC.HT.TG.PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei nucleus LUS Provide sensory feedback to cerebral cortex; modulatory contains Rostral (Pars dissipata, anterior,
dissipated subnucleus, GABA), Caudal (Pars
compacta, anterior, compact subnucleus, ACh)

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Cortical
NSA LMC.HT.TG.LDT NSA.FD.TH.SG Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.FT.NBM FAM.FT.AM.AB Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.AM.BP Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.AM.CEM Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LMC.HT.TG.LDT FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHbM -> DTG)
FEC LMC.FT.NBM FEC.FD.STN.CD Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FEC.FT.ACC.SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell nucleus-nucleus-gaba Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)
LMC.HT.TG.LDT FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN)
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba (unknown reference)
LMC.HT.TG.PPN FEC.FT.VP.VM Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial nucleus-nucleus-gaba Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract)
FMM LMC.HT.TG.LDT FMM.FD.MB.LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)
LAC LMC.HT.TG.LDT LAC.FD.HT.VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (VLPO -> LDTg)
LRC LMC.HT.TG.LDT LRC.HL.NPH Prepositus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.FT.NBM NDM.NC.AL.FPC Lateral Frontopolar Cortex nucleus-neocortex-ACh Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)
NSA LMC.FT.NBM NSA.NC.OCC.V1 Primary Visual Cortex nucleus-neocortex-ACh (unknown reference)
LMC.HT.TG.LDT NSA.FD.TH.SG Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> SUPGEN)
LMC.HT.TG.PPN NSA.FD.LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.FT.NBM FAM.FT.AM.BM Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.HT.TG.LDT FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh (unknown reference)
LMC.HT.TG.PPN FEC.FD.STN.MED Subthalamic Nucleus Medial nucleus-nucleus-ACh Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> STN, abstract)
FEC.FT.SNR.DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral nucleus-nucleus-ACh Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> SNr, abstract)
FMM LMC.HT.TG.LDT FMM.FD.MB.LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Hippocampal Formation (DTN -> LMam)
LAC LMC.HT.TG.LDT LAC.HL.SAL.ISL Inferior Salivatory Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh (unknown reference)
LAC.HL.SAL.SSL Superior Salivatory Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh (unknown reference)
LRC LMC.HT.TG.LDT LRC.HL.NPH Prepositus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)
LMC.HT.TG.PPN LRC.MM.SC.INT Intermediate Superior Colliculus nucleus-nucleus Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)

Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.MM.VTA Ventral Tegmental Area nucleus LUS Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.VTA FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> VTA)
FAM.FT.BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.MM.VTA FEC.FT.ACC.CORE Nucleus Accumbens Core nucleus-nucleus-gaba Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)
FEC.FT.VP.VM Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial nucleus-nucleus-gaba Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract)
FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> VTA)
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba Amygdala and its network (RMTG -> VTA)
LPC LMC.MM.VTA LPC.HL.SOL Solitary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (NTS -> VTA)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.MM.VTA NDM.NC.AL.DACG Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area nucleus-neocortex-DA (unknown reference)
NDM.NC.AL.FPC Lateral Frontopolar Cortex nucleus-neocortex-DA Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.VTA FAM.FT.AM.CEC Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision nucleus-nucleus-DA Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)
FEC LMC.MM.VTA FEC.FT.ACC.SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell nucleus-nucleus-DA Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)
FEC.FT.PU.LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral nucleus-nucleus-DA Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)
FEC.FT.PU.MED Dorsal Putamen Medial nucleus-nucleus-DA Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)
FMM LMC.MM.VTA FMM.FD.MB.MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)
FMM.FT.HC.CA1D Distal CA1 of Hippocampus nucleus-allocortex-DA Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)
FMM.NC.PH.LEC Lateral Entorhinal Cortex nucleus-neocortex-DA Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)
LAC LMC.MM.VTA LAC.FD.HT.PRM Premammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.PV Paraventricular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)

Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.MM.PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter nucleus LUS Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness
is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results
in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory
nucleus

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Cortical
NCP LMC.MM.PAG NCP.NC.AL.SGCG Subgenual Cingulate Cortex neocortex-nucleus (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.PAG FAM.FT.AM.CEM Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)
FEC LMC.MM.PAG FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.MM.PAG NDM.FD.TH.PV Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
Subcortical
LAC LMC.MM.PAG LAC.HT.BR Barrington's Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)
LLC LMC.MM.PAG LLC.FD.TH.SF Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LMC LMC.MM.PAG LMC.HL.RP.MG Raphe Magnus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)
LMC.HL.RP.PL Raphe Pallidus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)
LPC LMC.MM.PAG LPC.HL.AMB Ambiguus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LRC LMC.MM.PAG LRC.HL.RA Retroambigualis Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)
LRC.HT.NSC Nucleus Subceruleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK (unknown reference)

Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments
LMC.HT.LC Locus Coeruleus nucleus LUS Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio,
suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral
inhibition); inhibitory nucleus

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.HT.LC NDM.NC.AL.VACG Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area neocortex-nucleus (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.HT.LC FAM.FT.AM.CEM Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)
FAM.FT.BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LAC LMC.HT.LC LAC.FD.HT.DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus Effect of light on pupil diameter (DMH -> LC)
LAC.FD.HT.TBM Tuberomammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)
LRC LMC.HT.LC LRC.HL.RF.MED Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.HT.LC FAM.FD.LHB.LT Lateral Habenula Lateral Part nucleus-nucleus-NE Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)
FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus-NE Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)
FAM.FD.MHB Medial Habenula nucleus-nucleus-NE Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> MHB)
FAM.FT.SEP.DBB Diagonal Band of Broca nucleus-nucleus-NE (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.HT.LC FEC.FT.SNC.MED Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial nucleus-nucleus-NE (unknown reference)
FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-NE Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> IPN)
LAC LMC.HT.LC LAC.FD.HT.VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-NE Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (LC -> VLPO)
LAC.SC.IZ.CSC Ciliospinal Center nucleus-nucleus-NE Effect of light on pupil diameter (LC -> IML)
LAC.SC.IZ.IML Intermediolateral Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-NE Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)

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References

(generated)

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