BrainAreaNMA

Motor Aggregation Area

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Local Circuits

(generated)

ID	Name	Regions
FLM	Flexor Motor	NMA.FD.TH.VL, NMA.NC.MC
SEQ	Complex Motor	NMA.FD.TH.MDL, NMA.NC.SMC.F3, NMA.NC.SMC.F6
XTM	Extensor Motor	NMA.FD.TH.VA, NMA.NC.PMC.F2, NMA.NC.PMC.F4, NMA.NC.PMC.F5, NMA.NC.PMC.F7

Flexor Motor

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NMA.FD.TH.VL	Ventral Lateral Nucleus	nucleus	NMU	Relay BSA.CR to MCA.MC	Executive motor
NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	cortex, BA 04	NMU	Execution of required voluntary movements	F1; Encode individual movements

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
NMA.FD.TH.VL	NMA.NC.MC	nucleus-neocortex	Thalamocortical relationships (VL -> pVL)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	NMA.NC.MC	NCP.NC.PG.PV	Parietal Ventral Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
		NCP.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (S1 -> M1)
		NCP.NC.PG.S2	Secondary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
NMA	NMA.NC.MC	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PMC -> MC, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F5 -> F1)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.FD.TH.VL	FEC.FT.GPI.LT	Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (s2VL -> VL, abstract)
LLC	NMA.FD.TH.VL	LLC.HT.CR.DN	Dentate Nucleus	nucleus-nucleus	Thalamocortical relationships (s1VL -> VL)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NMA	NMA.FD.TH.VL	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	nucleus-neocortex	Basal Ganglia Activity (VLo -> PMC, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	nucleus-neocortex	Basal Ganglia Activity (VLo -> SMC, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.NC.MC	FEC.FD.STN.LT	Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral	neocortex-nucleus	Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus (MC -> STN, abstract)
		FEC.FT.PU.LT	Dorsal Putamen Lateral	neocortex-nucleus	Basal Ganglia Activity (M1 -> PU, abstract)
LLC	NMA.NC.MC	LLC.HT.BPN	Basilar Pontine Nuclei	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> PNN, abstract)
		LLC.HT.PN.PBB	Pontobulbar Body	neocortex-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (MC -> PN, abstract)
		LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
LPC	NMA.NC.MC	LPC.HL.AMB	Ambiguus Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	(unknown reference)
		LPC.SC.VH.ONF	Onuf's Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.PL	Posterolateral Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.PM	Posteromedial Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)
		LPC.SC.VH.RPL	Retroposterolateral Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Cerebellum functional divisions (CTX -> SCM, abstract)
LRC	NMA.NC.MC	LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)

Complex Motor

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NMA.FD.TH.MDL	Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus	nucleus	NMU	relay tegmentum to dorsal cingulate cortex	Relay Superior Colliculus, TH-LD, LDTG, IPD to ACCdl
NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Movement execution; Numerical and verbal mental-operation tasks	from TH/VLo from from putamen; F1/F2/F4/24d - strong; F6/F7/F5/24c - modest; no input from the prefrontal lobe
NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	cortex, BA 06	NMU	High level motor functions; Numerical and verbal mental-operation tasks	from TH/VLpc, MD from caudate, CR; F5/24c/46; no connections with F1

Internal Region Connections:

• no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR	Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (46 -> F6, abstract)
NMA	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus-neocortex	Thalamocortical relationships (VA -> pVA, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F4	Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F6)
		NMA.FD.TH.VL	Ventral Lateral Nucleus	nucleus-neocortex	Basal Ganglia Activity (VLo -> SMC, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.FD.TH.MDL	FEC.FT.SNR.MED	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)
		FEC.FT.VP.DL	Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Saccadic Vision (BG -> Thalamus, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	NMA.FD.TH.MDL	NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area	nucleus-neocortex	Saccadic Vision (Thalamus -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
NMA	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> dPM, abstract)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> vPM, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> F4)
		NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> F5)
NPE	NMA.FD.TH.MDL	NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	nucleus-neocortex	Oculomotor decision-making (Thalamus -> FEF, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	FEC.FD.STN.MED	Subthalamic Nucleus Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons (CTX -> STN, abstract)
		FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> BG, abstract)
LLC	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	LLC.HT.PRF.RTMG	Pontine Reticulotegmental Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)
LRC	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	LRC.HL.PRF.GCR	Gigantocellular Reticular Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> MRF, abstract)
		LRC.HT.PRF.CRF	Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus	neocortex-nucleus	Motor neurons control (CTX -> PRF, abstract)

Extensor Motor

Component ID	Component Name	Type	Service	Function	Comments
NMA.FD.TH.VA	Ventral Anterior Nucleus	nucleus	NMU	Relay BGA.SN, BGA.GPI, FCA.OMPFC, FCA.CG to MCA.PMC, MCA.SMC	Cognitive motor
NMA.NC.PMC.F2	Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Guiding reaching	6DC; Active during preparation for reach and also during reach itself; leg and arm; transform sensory information into motor representation; preparation and execution of motor acts
NMA.NC.PMC.F4	Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Sensory guidance of movement	6VC; Neurons are especially sensitive to objects in space immediately surrounding body; move head, face and arm
NMA.NC.PMC.F5	Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Shaping hand during grasping	6VR; Mirror neurons - both sensory and motor; arm; F5c=convexity - F1/F4/F2VR/F6/F3/24d/24c, F5p=posterior - F3/F4/F1/24c/24a, F5a=anterior - F4/F6/24c/24d/24a/46v/12r/12l
NMA.NC.PMC.F7	Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex	cortex, BA 06	NMU	Associate arbitrary sensory stimuli with specific eye movements	6DR; Can evoke eye movements; strong afferents from DLPFC; convey inputs to caudal concerning motivation, long term plans, memory of past actions; integrates sensory and internally driven inputs for planning of goal-directed actions

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region	Target Region	Type	Reference
NMA.FD.TH.VA	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	nucleus-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (TH -> PMC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	nucleus-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F5)
NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area	Local Region	Source Region	Source Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NCP	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NCP.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
		NCP.NC.SPL.SA	Somatosensory Association Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NCP.NC.PG.S1	Primary Somatosensory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (S2 -> F5)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NCP.NC.SPL.SA	Somatosensory Association Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)
NDM	NMA.FD.TH.VA	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-nucleus	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (LPFC -> TH, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NDM.NC.AL.VACG	Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (LPFC -> PMC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NDM.NC.AL.DACG	Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
		NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR	Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (LPFC -> PMC, abstract)
NMA	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> dPM, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> F4)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NMA.FD.TH.VL	Ventral Lateral Nucleus	nucleus-neocortex	Basal Ganglia Activity (VLo -> PMC, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (pre-SMA -> vPM, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F6 -> F5)
NPE	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	Supramarginal Wernike Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Dual Auditory Processing (PPC -> DLPFC, abstract)
		NPE.NC.SPL.PF	Rostral Precuneus	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)
		NPE.NC.SPL.PG	Caudal Precuneus	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (SPL -> dPM, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NPE.NC.IPL.MST	Medial Superior Temporal Area	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)
		NPE.NC.IPL.SMW	Supramarginal Wernike Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	3 Visual Cortex Paths (IPL -> vPM, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-neocortex	Cortical Auditory System (PMC8 -> PMC6, abstract)
		NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF	Caudal Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NPE.NC.IPS.LIP	Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	Global visual system (ParietalCortex -> FrontalCortex, abstract)
		NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF	Anterior Frontal Eye Field	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
NSA	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NSA.NC.IPS.AIP	Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (AIP -> F4)
		NSA.NC.IPS.VIP	Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (VIP -> F4)
		NSA.NC.STG.A3	Wernicke's area A3	neocortex-neocortex	Dual Auditory Processing (ST -> VLPFC, abstract)
		NSA.NC.STG.A4	Wernicke's area A4	neocortex-neocortex	Language-Related Regions (pSTC -> PMC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NSA.NC.IPS.AIP	Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (AIP -> F5)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F7	NSA.NC.TTG.A1	Primary Auditory Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Dual Auditory Processing (A1 -> DLPFC, abstract)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.FD.TH.VA	FEC.FT.GPI.DS	Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)
		FEC.FT.GPI.MED	Globus Pallidus Internal Medial	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)
		FEC.FT.SNR.DL	Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral	nucleus-nucleus-gaba	Thalamocortical relationships (sVA -> VA, abstract)
LRC	NMA.FD.TH.VA	LRC.MM.SC.INT	Intermediate Superior Colliculus	nucleus-nucleus	Saccadic Vision (SCi -> Thalamus, abstract)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area	Local Region	Target Region	Target Name	Type	Reference
Cortical
NDM	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL	Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Cortico-Cortical Connectivity (MA -> PFC, abstract)
NMA	NMA.FD.TH.VA	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	nucleus-neocortex	Thalamocortical relationships (VA -> pVA, abstract)
		NMA.NC.SMC.F6	Pre-Supplementary Motor Area	nucleus-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (BTH -> F6)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior (PMC -> MC, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F4	NMA.NC.SMC.F3	Supplementary Motor Area	neocortex-neocortex	(unknown reference)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	NMA.NC.MC	Motor Cortex	neocortex-neocortex	Primate Control of Grasping (F5 -> F1)
Subcortical
FEC	NMA.NC.PMC.F2	FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Global visual system (FrontalCortex -> BGA, abstract)
	NMA.NC.PMC.F5	FEC.FT.PU.MED	Dorsal Putamen Medial	neocortex-nucleus	Primate Control of Grasping (F5 -> BG, abstract)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated)

• Primate Control of Grasping - see Reference

map: 46=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL)), AIP=Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.AIP, BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG, BTH=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA, F1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC, F2=Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F2, F4=Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F4, F5=Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex,NMA.NC.PMC.F5, F6=Pre-Supplementary Motor Area,NMA.NC.SMC.F6, IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT, PIP=Posterior Eye Field,NPE.NC.IPS.PEF (Medial Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP), Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP)), S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1, S2=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1, VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC, VIP=Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS.VIP

• Thalamocortical relationships - see Reference

map: A=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (Anteromedial Nucleus (NCP.FD.TH.AM), Anteroventral Nucleus (FMM.FD.TH.AV), Anterodorsal Nucleus (FMM.FD.TH.AD)), CM=Centromedian Nucleus of Thalamus,FEC.FD.TH.CM, LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD, LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN, LP=Lateral Posterior Nucleus of Thalamus,NPE.FD.TH.LP, MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (Medial Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NDM.FD.TH.MDM), Central Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NCP.FD.TH.MDC), Lateral Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus (NMA.FD.TH.MDL)), MGN=Medial Geniculate Body,NSA.FD.TH.MGB, P=Ventral Posterior Nuclei,NSA.FD.TH.VP (Ventral Posteroinferior Nucleus (NCP.FD.TH.VPI), Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus (NCP.FD.TH.VPL), Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus (NCP.FD.TH.VPM)), VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA, VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL, VPL=Ventral Posterolateral Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPL, VPM=Ventral Posteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.VPM, pA=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG, pCM=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (Dorsal Putamen Lateral (FEC.FT.PU.LT), Dorsal Putamen Medial (FEC.FT.PU.MED)), pLD=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG)), pLGN=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1, pLP=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL, pMD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)), pMGN=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1, pP=Insular Cortex,NC.INS, pVA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC, pVL=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC, pVPL=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1, pVPM=Precentral Cortex,NCP.NC.PO.PCC, s1A=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (Proximal Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUBP), Middle Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUBM), Distal Subiculum (FMM.FT.HF.SUBD)), s1MD=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP, s1P=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV, s1VL=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN, s2A=Mammillary Body,FD.MB (Lateral Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.LMB), Medial Mammillary Nucleus (FMM.FD.MB.MMB)), s2MD=Piriform Cortex,NSA.NC.PH.PIR, s2P=Principal Trigeminal Nucleus,LPC.HT.PN.PTR, s2VL=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG, s3MD=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)), sCM=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral (FEC.FT.GPI.LT), Globus Pallidus Internal Medial (FEC.FT.GPI.MED), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPI.DS), Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPI.RM), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPI.DL)), sLD=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL, sLP=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (Superficial Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.SUP), Intermediate Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.INT), Deep Superior Colliculus (LRC.MM.SC.DEEP)), sVA=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG, sVPL=Marginal Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.MG (Upper Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.UMG), Lower Marginal Nucleus (LPC.SC.PH.LMG)), sVPM=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL

• Basal Ganglia Activity - see Reference

map: GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral (FEC.FT.GPI.LT), Globus Pallidus Internal Medial (FEC.FT.GPI.MED), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPI.DS), Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPI.RM), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPI.DL)), GPo=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (Globus Pallidus External Lateral (FEC.FT.GPE.LT), Globus Pallidus External Medial (FEC.FT.GPE.MED), Globus Pallidus External Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPE.DS), Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPE.RM), Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPE.DL)), M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC, PMC=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC, PU=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (Dorsal Putamen Lateral (FEC.FT.PU.LT), Dorsal Putamen Medial (FEC.FT.PU.MED)), S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1, SMC=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC, SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral (FEC.FT.SNC.LT), Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial (FEC.FT.SNC.MED), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.DL), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial (FEC.FT.SNR.RM), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.VL), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial (FEC.FT.SNR.MED)), STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.CD), Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.ICD), Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral (FEC.FD.STN.DL), Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral (FEC.FD.STN.LT), Subthalamic Nucleus Medial (FEC.FD.STN.MED)), VLo=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL

• Normal Functional Anatomy of Basal Ganglia - see Reference

map: GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (Globus Pallidus External Lateral (FEC.FT.GPE.LT), Globus Pallidus External Medial (FEC.FT.GPE.MED), Globus Pallidus External Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPE.DS), Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPE.RM), Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPE.DL)), GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral (FEC.FT.GPI.LT), Globus Pallidus Internal Medial (FEC.FT.GPI.MED), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPI.DS), Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPI.RM), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPI.DL)), SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT, SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL, STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.CD), Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.ICD), Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral (FEC.FD.STN.DL), Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral (FEC.FD.STN.LT), Subthalamic Nucleus Medial (FEC.FD.STN.MED)), VA=Ventral Anterior Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VA, VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL

• Two extended parallel pathways for decision making - see Reference

map: DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL)), IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT, M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC, PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR (Medial Superior Temporal Area (NPE.NC.IPL.MST), Supramarginal Wernike Cortex (NPE.NC.IPL.SMW), Retrosplenial Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.RSC), Posterior Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG), Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.MPL.SGCG), Precentral Cortex (NCP.NC.PO.PCC), Primary Somatosensory Cortex (NCP.NC.PG.S1), Secondary Somatosensory Cortex (NCP.NC.PG.S2), Parietal Ventral Cortex (NCP.NC.PG.PV), Somatosensory Association Cortex (NCP.NC.SPL.SA), Rostral Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PF), Caudal Precuneus (NPE.NC.SPL.PG), Medial Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.MIP), Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus (NPE.NC.IPS.LIP), Ventral Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.VIP), Anterior Intraparietal Sulcus (NSA.NC.IPS.AIP)), PM=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC, V1=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC, VLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL))

• 3 Visual Cortex Paths - see Reference

map: IPL=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL, IPS=Intraparietal Sulcus,NSA.NC.IPS, IT=Inferotemporal Area,NSA.NC.IT, LPC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL)), MI=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC, OCC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC, SPL=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL, dPM=Dorsal Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.DPMC (Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F2), Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F7)), pre-SMA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC, vPM=Ventral Premotor Cortex,MCA.NC.VPMC (Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F5))

• Functional subdivisions of the subthalamic nucleus - see Reference

map: ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG)), FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF), Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF)), GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (Globus Pallidus External Lateral (FEC.FT.GPE.LT), Globus Pallidus External Medial (FEC.FT.GPE.MED), Globus Pallidus External Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPE.DS), Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPE.RM), Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPE.DL)), GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral (FEC.FT.GPI.LT), Globus Pallidus Internal Medial (FEC.FT.GPI.MED), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPI.DS), Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPI.RM), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPI.DL)), MC=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC, SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.DL), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial (FEC.FT.SNR.RM), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.VL), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial (FEC.FT.SNR.MED)), STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.CD), Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal (FEC.FD.STN.ICD), Subthalamic Nucleus Dorsolateral (FEC.FD.STN.DL), Subthalamic Nucleus Lateral (FEC.FD.STN.LT), Subthalamic Nucleus Medial (FEC.FD.STN.MED)), VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.VP.DL), Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial (FEC.FT.VP.VM))

• Sensimotor Nerves - see Reference

map: MC=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC

• Sensimotor Interactions - see Reference

map: MC=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC

• Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) in motor behavior - see Reference

map: CN.PU=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (Nucleus Accumbens Core (FEC.FT.ACC.CORE), Nucleus Accumbens Shell (FEC.FT.ACC.SH), Ventral Putamen (FEC.FT.PU.VT), Caudate Nucleus Head (FEC.FT.CN.HD), Caudate Nucleus Body (FEC.FT.CN.BD), Caudate Nucleus Tail (FEC.FT.CN.TL), Dorsal Putamen Lateral (FEC.FT.PU.LT), Dorsal Putamen Medial (FEC.FT.PU.MED)), CR=Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC, GP=Globus Pallidus,FEC.FT.GP (Globus Pallidus External Lateral (FEC.FT.GPE.LT), Globus Pallidus External Medial (FEC.FT.GPE.MED), Globus Pallidus External Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPE.DS), Globus Pallidus External Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPE.RM), Globus Pallidus External Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPE.DL), Globus Pallidus Internal Lateral (FEC.FT.GPI.LT), Globus Pallidus Internal Medial (FEC.FT.GPI.MED), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsal (FEC.FT.GPI.DS), Globus Pallidus Internal Rostromedial (FEC.FT.GPI.RM), Globus Pallidus Internal Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.GPI.DL), Ventral Pallidum Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.VP.DL), Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial (FEC.FT.VP.VM)), LPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL)), MC=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC, PMC=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC, PN=Pontine Nuclear Complex,HT.PN (Principal Trigeminal Nucleus (LPC.HT.PN.PTR), Pontobulbar Body (LLC.HT.PN.PBB), Rostral Pontine Nucleus (LLC.HT.PN.RSP), Nuclei of Lateral Lemniscus (LPC.HT.PN.LL)), SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral (FEC.FT.SNC.LT), Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial (FEC.FT.SNC.MED), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.DL), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Rostromedial (FEC.FT.SNR.RM), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Ventrolateral (FEC.FT.SNR.VL), Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial (FEC.FT.SNR.MED)), TH=Ventral Thalamus,FD.TH.VTH (Ventral Anterior Nucleus (NMA.FD.TH.VA), Ventral Lateral Nucleus (NMA.FD.TH.VL))

• Divisions of Cortical Motor System - see Reference

map: M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC

• Motor Cortices (unknown reference)

map: M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC

• Corticospinal pathway - see Reference

map: M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC

• Cortico-Cortical Connectivity - see Reference

map: A1=Primary Auditory Cortex,NSA.NC.TTG.A1, AA=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3, M1=Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.MC, MA=Premotor Cortex,NC.PMC, PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC)), PTHA=Inferior Parietal Lobule,NC.IPL, S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1, SA=Somatosensory Association Cortex,NCP.NC.SPL.SA, V1=Primary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V1, VA=Secondary Visual Cortex,NSA.NC.OCC.V2 (Secondary Visual Cortex, Thin Stripe (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TN), Secondary Visual Cortex, Thick Stripe (NSA.NC.OCC.V2TK), Secondary Visual Cortex, Pale Stripe (NPE.NC.OCC.V2PL))

• Cerebellum functional divisions - see Reference

map: CCV=Central Cervical Nucleus,LPC.SC.IZ.CCV, CRP=Cerebellar Lateral Lobe,LLC.HT.CR.CC, CRS=Cerebellar Paravermis,LLC.HT.CR.PV, CRV=Cerebellar Vermis,LRC.HT.CR.VM, CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT (Rostral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCR), Lateral Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DLPFCL), Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus (NDM.NC.AL.IPG), Broca's Area Pars Opercularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PO), Broca's Area Pars Triangularis (NPE.NC.BRA.PT), Lateral Frontopolar Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.FPC), Most Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCR), Sulcal Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCS), Medial Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCM), Lateral Rostral Orbitofrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.ROFCL), Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.DMPFC), Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.VMPFC), Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VACG), Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DACG), Subgenual Cingulate Cortex (NCP.NC.AL.SGCG), Ventral Medial Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.VMCG), Dorsal Medial Cingulate Area (NDM.NC.AL.DMCG), Pregenual Cingulate Cortex (NDM.NC.AL.PGCG), Motor Cortex (NMA.NC.MC), Caudal Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.CFEF), Anterior Frontal Eye Field (NPE.NC.PMC.AFEF), Dorsal Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F2), Dorsal Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F7), Ventral Caudal Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F4), Ventral Rostral Premotor Cortex (NMA.NC.PMC.F5), Supplementary Eye Field (NPE.NC.SMC.SEF), Pre-Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F6), Supplementary Motor Area (NMA.NC.SMC.F3)), DN=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN, FG=Fastigual Nucleus,LRC.HT.CR.FG, IO=Inferior Olivary Nucleus,LLC.HL.IO, IP=Interposed Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.IP (Emboliform Nucleus (LLC.HT.CR.EN), Globose Nucleus (LLC.HT.CR.GN)), LT=Dentate Nucleus,LLC.HT.CR.DN, PNN=Basilar Pontine Nuclei,LLC.HT.BPN, RD=Red Nucleus,LLC.MM.RD, RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF, SCM=Anterior/Ventral Horn,SC.VH, SCS=Proprius Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.NP, SCSD=Clarke Nucleus,LPC.SC.PH.CL, VB=Vestibular Nuclei,LPC.HT.VBN, VBG=Vestibular Ganglion,LPC.PN.SG.VB, VL=Ventral Lateral Nucleus,NMA.FD.TH.VL

References

(generated)

• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0893608098000471
• http://what-when-how.com/neuroscience/the-thalamus-and-cerebral-cortex-integrative-systems-part-2/
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