Difference between revisions of "BrainAreaLMC"

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<pre style="color: green">Modulatory Contol Area</pre>
 
<pre style="color: green">Modulatory Contol Area</pre>
 
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaLMC]]
 
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaLMC]]
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{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''ID''' || '''Name''' || '''Regions'''  
+
| '''ID''' || '''Name''' || '''Regions''' || '''Quality'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]]  
+
| 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]]
+
| ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]]  
+
| DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ENK || Enkephalin -  Regulating Nociception in Body || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]]  
+
| ENK || Enkephalin -  Regulating Nociception in Body || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| NE || Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]]  
+
| NE || Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || L0
 
|}
 
|}
  
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−
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_5HT.dot.png" alt="unavailable">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_5HT.dot.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''  
+
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Inhubit head and spinal pain || B3, contacts with enkephalenic neurons in<BR>substantia gelatinosa
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Inhibit head and spinal pain || || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || Raphe Obscurus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column || B2
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || Raphe Obscurus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column || || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Spinal pain control || B1
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Spinal pain control || || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || Pontine Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep cycle || Projects to CR, forebrain; inhibitory nucleus
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]] || Raphe Nucleus Linearis || nucleus || LUS || Release of 5-HT was only obtained on stimulation of this nucleus || || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || Superior Central Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus;<BR>Hallucinations || Directs HC to disregard insignificant events;<BR>inhibitory nucleus; B6,B8; Insomnia; inhibitory<BR>nucleus
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || Pontine Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep cycle || || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep and mood || Major source of 5HT; inhibitory nucleus  
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep and mood || || L0
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || Superior Central Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus;<BR>Hallucinations ||  || L0
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
'''Internal Region Connections:'''
 
'''Internal Region Connections:'''
−
* no connections
+
 
 +
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 +
| '''Source Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 +
|}
  
 
'''External Inbound Region Connections:'''
 
'''External Inbound Region Connections:'''
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)]  
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> MRN, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (LHb -> DR, abstract)]  
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> DRN)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ||  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> Raphe, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> MRN, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF|LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> DRN)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_MM_SCNF|LLC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> DRN)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference)  
+
| ||  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|LAC.FD.HT.MPO]] || Median Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)]
 +
|-
 +
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)]
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SCNF|LRC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 +
|-
 +
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SCNF|LRC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|}
 
|}
  
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{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|FAM.FD.LHB.LT]] || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV|NDM.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|FAM.FT.SEP.LT]] || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)
+
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD|FEC.FD.STN.ICD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|FAM.FT.SEP.LT]] || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD|FEC.FD.STN.ICD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RF_SUC|LMC.MM.RF.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN|LAC.FD.HT.PN]] || Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|LAC.FD.HT.SUM]] || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN|LAC.FD.HT.PN]] || Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_CR_SC|LLC.HP.CR.SC]] || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|LAC.FD.HT.SUM]] || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HP_CR_SC|LLC.HP.CR.SC]] || Spinocerebellum || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|LLC.HT.CR.PV]] || Cerebellar Paravermis || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] || Lower Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|LLC.HT.CR.PV]] || Cerebellar Paravermis || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|LPC.SC.PH.USG]] || Upper Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] || Lower Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_OB|LMC.HM.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|LPC.SC.PH.USG]] || Upper Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] || Lower Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] || Upper Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] || Lower Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV|LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] || Upper Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|}
 
|}
  
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−
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_ACH.dot.png" alt="unavailable">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_ACH.dot.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''  
+
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || ACh source, attention; modulatory nucleus
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || Dorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || accurate landmark navigation || vestibular sensory information to mammllary bodies<BR>for orientation
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || || L0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || sleep, waking, motor function, learning and reward
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei || nucleus || LUS || Provide sensory feedback to cerebral cortex; modulatory || || L0
−
|-
+
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || moderates hippocampal-driven rhythmic firing frequency in medial mammillary || contribute to episodic memory and new learning in<BR>humans as well as spatial memory
+
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 134: Line 148:
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 +
|-
 +
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || ||
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (SUPGEN -> DTN)]
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB|FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB|FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHbM -> DTG)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ||  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_RMTG|FAM.HP.PPN.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
|  || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM|FEC.FT.VP.VM]] || Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)]  
+
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)]  
+
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]] || Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (VLPO -> LDTg)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH|LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 168: Line 186:
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)]  
+
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> SUPGEN)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM|FAM.FT.AM.BM]] || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)  
+
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|NSA.FD.LGN]] || Lateral Geniculate Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_HP_PPN_IPD|FAM.HP.PPN.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> IPD)]
+
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_DTG|LMC.HP.TG.DTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM|FAM.FT.AM.BM]] || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_ISL|LAC.HM.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)  
+
| || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_MED|FEC.FD.STN.MED]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Medial || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> STN, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLAC_HM_SAL_SSL|LAC.HM.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || (unknown reference)  
+
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|FEC.FT.SNR.DL]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> SNr, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf Hippocampal Formation (DTN -> LMam)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_LDT|LMC.HP.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_NPH|LRC.HM.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)]  
+
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_ISL|LAC.HL.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_SSL|LAC.HL.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)]
 +
|-
 +
|  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|LRC.MM.SC.INT]] || Intermediate Superior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)]
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 198: Line 222:
  
  
−
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_DA.dot.png" alt="unavailable">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_DA.dot.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''  
+
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus || LUS || Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues ||   
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus || LUS || Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues ||  || L0
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 212: Line 236:
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> VTA)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)]
+
| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_TG_VTG|LMC.HP.TG.VTG]] || Ventral Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)]
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM|FEC.FT.VP.VM]] || Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract)]
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> VTA)]
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (RMTG -> VTA)]
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|LPC.HL.SOL]] || Solitary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (NTS -> VTA)]
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 226: Line 258:
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 +
|-
 +
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex-DA || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex-DA || (unknown reference)  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || uncertain || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> PFC, abstract)]
+
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEC|FAM.FT.AM.CEC]] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEC|FAM.FT.AM.CEC]] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)]  
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)]  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT|FEC.FT.PU.LT]] || Dorsal Putamen Lateral || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)]  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED|FEC.FT.PU.MED]] || Dorsal Putamen Medial || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1D|FMM.FT.HC.CA1D]] || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || nucleus-allocortex-DA || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)]  
+
| [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC|FMM.NC.PH.LEC]] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)]  
+
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1D|FMM.FT.HC.CA1D]] || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || nucleus-allocortex-DA || uncertain || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PO|LAC.FD.HT.PO]] || Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> MPOA)]  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC|FMM.NC.PH.LEC]] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || uncertain || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|LAC.FD.HT.PRM]] || Premammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|LAC.FD.HT.PRM]] || Premammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)]  
+
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)]
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 256: Line 290:
  
  
−
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_ENK.dot.png" alt="unavailable">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_ENK.dot.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''  
+
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus || LUS || Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour || if there is a lesion in the PAG, then consciousness<BR>is lost; electrical stimulation of the PAG results<BR>in immediate and profound analgesia; modulatory<BR>nucleus
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus || LUS || Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour || || L0
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 270: Line 304:
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)]  
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|LAC.FD.HT.VM]] || Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG)]
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 286: Line 320:
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HP_BR|LAC.HP.BR]] || Barrington's Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)]
+
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV|NDM.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference)
+
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_MG|LMC.HM.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HT_BR|LAC.HT.BR]] || Barrington's Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| ||  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HM_RP_PL|LMC.HM.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_FD_TH_PV|LPC.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLPC_HM_AMB|LPC.HM.AMB]] || Ambiguus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference)  
+
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RA|LRC.HM.RA]] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|LPC.HL.AMB]] || Ambiguus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLRC_HP_PN_SC|LRC.HP.PN.SC]] || Nucleus Subceruleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RA|LRC.HL.RA]] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_NSC|LRC.HT.NSC]] || Nucleus Subceruleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 310: Line 346:
  
  
−
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_NE.dot.png" alt="unavailable">
+
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/dot/LMC_NE.dot.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments'''  
+
| '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli || NE Source, enhance signal-to-noise ratio,<BR>suppressing irrelevant stimuli (lateral<BR>inhibition); inhibitory nucleus
+
| [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli, arousal and autonomic<BR>activity ||  || L0
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 324: Line 360:
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || [http://www.frontiersin.org/neuroanatomy/10.3389/fnana.2011.00034/full Vocal Control (Premotor24 -> RF, abstract)]
+
| [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|LAC.FD.HT.TBM]] || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (DMH -> LC)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HM_RF_MED|LRC.HM.RF.MED]] || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference)  
+
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|LAC.FD.HT.TBM]] || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|LRC.HL.RF.MED]] || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 344: Line 382:
  
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
 
{| class=wikitable width=80%
−
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference'''  
+
| '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference'''
 +
|-
 +
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || ||
 +
|-
 +
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|FAM.FD.LHB.LT]] || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)]
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)]
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|FAM.FD.MHB]] || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> MHB)]
 +
|-
 +
|  ||  || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] || Diagonal Band of Broca || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || ||  
+
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED|FEC.FT.SNC.MED]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || (unknown reference)
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|FAM.FD.MHB]] || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference)  
+
| ||  || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> IPN)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] || Diagonal Band of Broca || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference)  
+
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]] || Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (LC -> VLPO)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED|FEC.FT.SNC.MED]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || nucleus-nucleus-NE || (unknown reference)  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC|LAC.SC.IZ.CSC]] || Ciliospinal Center || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (LC -> IML)]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_LC|LMC.HP.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] || Intermediolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)]  
+
| || || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] || Intermediolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)]
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 360: Line 408:
 
(generated)
 
(generated)
  
−
* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg Habenula Connections] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Reference]
+
* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg Habenula Connections] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Reference] (CF.HB-CONNECTIONS)
  
−
<img src="http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
DBB=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]]
 +
DR=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN]]
 +
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
IP=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]]
 +
LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]])
 +
LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula]])
 +
LPO=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]]
 +
MHb=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]]
 +
MR=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|Superior Central Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.SUC]]
 +
PB=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]]
 +
S=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]]
 +
SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/fa0c61d9adf99556d6de6701a35123b8.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference]
+
* [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/70852/fnhum-07-00826-HTML/image_m/fnhum-07-00826-g002.jpg Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full Reference] (CF.REM-HB)
  
−
<img src="http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg" alt="unavailable">
+
DBB=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]]
 +
DTG=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG]]
 +
EPN=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF|Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF]]
 +
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
LHT=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]]
 +
LHbL=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT]]
 +
LHbM=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED]]
 +
NI=[[BrainRegionFAM_HT_TG_NI|Incertus Nucleus,FAM.HT.TG.NI]]
 +
RMTg=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]]
 +
Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation]])
 +
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
VTG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTG]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/9876de47985d221848d9333bddb7bf59.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/articles/2012/3/2/images/SurgNeurolInt_2012_3_2_40_91609_u1.jpg Amygdala and its network] - see [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference]
+
* [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference] (CM.ONUF)
  
−
<img src="http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/articles/2012/3/2/images/SurgNeurolInt_2012_3_2_40_91609_u1.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
DVM=[[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN|Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN]]
 +
IMG=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG|Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG]]
 +
IML=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]]
 +
LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]]
 +
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
MPOA=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO]]
 +
NBM=[[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM]]
 +
ONF=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF|Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF]]
 +
PBN=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 +
PEL=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG|Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG]]
 +
PU=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT|Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT]]
 +
PVN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]]
 +
SNC=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]
 +
SPS=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_SPS|Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS]]
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
ZI=[[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b3238c9c6efdcfa004931bec8815fc0b.jpeg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Reference]
+
* [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/images/nn.3779-F2.jpg Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Reference] (CF.HB-DA5HT)
  
−
<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
DBB=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]]
 +
DRN=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN]]
 +
GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
IPN=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]]
 +
LHA=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]]
 +
LHbL=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT]]
 +
LHbM=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED]]
 +
LPO=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]]
 +
LS=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT]]
 +
MHb=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]]
 +
MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation]])
 +
MS=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_MED|Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED]]
 +
PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei]])
 +
RMTg=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]]
 +
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/97cf0802ee48a418ff7f70f80ce204e1.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference]
+
* [http://d2avczb82rh8fa.cloudfront.net/content/jn/107/10/2633/F1.large.jpg Connectivity map of the habenula] - see [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Reference] (CF.HB-CONN)
  
−
<img src="http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
EP=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF|Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF]]
 +
Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
IPN=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]]
 +
L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula]])
 +
LH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]]
 +
M=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]]
 +
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 +
Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation]])
 +
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
Septum=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]]
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/213e030f063f9640f8ace79244e622d1.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg Regulation of Social Brain] - see [http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Reference]
+
* [http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png Amygdala and its network] - see [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference] (CF.AM-NET)
  
−
<img src="http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
BLN=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP]]
 +
CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala]])
 +
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 +
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
HTS=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]]
 +
ITC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE|Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE]]
 +
LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala]])
 +
LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula]])
 +
MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 +
MPFC=[[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC]]
 +
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 +
RMTG=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]]
 +
STC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]]
 +
VGDM=[[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN|Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN]]
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/148ecc584cca86040df3ac88ecdbcba6.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html Reference]
+
* [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference] (CT.LONG-TERM-MEMORY-VTA)
  
−
<img src="http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
ACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
DG=[[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG|Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG]]
 +
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 +
PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
PPTG=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]]
 +
SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e3d02da6dc6102c07ec019fae91c8253.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference]
+
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Reference] (CT.MB-MEMORY)
  
−
<img src="http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
ADTH=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD]]
 +
AMTH=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|Anteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.AM]]
 +
AVTH=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV]]
 +
DTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT]]
 +
LMB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB]]
 +
MMB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB]]
 +
MedialEC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 +
PAS=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PAS|Parasubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PAS]]
 +
POS=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS|Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS]]
 +
PRS=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PRS|Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS]]
 +
SEP=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]]
 +
SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
SupraMM=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM]]
 +
TuberoMM=Lateral Tuberal Nuclei,LAC.FD.HT.LTUB (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]])
 +
VTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/c973c3b2fef0f2bf256543a0a064fe81.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg Oculomotor decision-making] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Reference]
+
* [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)
  
−
<img src="http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 +
AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]])
 +
HT.PV=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]]
 +
INS=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 +
LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]]
 +
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 +
PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 +
PUT=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]]
 +
SOL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
 +
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e212b5f27aa77f69673ce0cb4ce84428.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reward_circuit.jpg/315908202/Reward_circuit.jpg Reward circuit of human brain] - see [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reference]
+
* [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/images/nn913-F1.jpg Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Reference] (CL.TBM-PO)
  
−
<img src="http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reward_circuit.jpg/315908202/Reward_circuit.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]]
 +
LDTg=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT]]
 +
TMN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.TBM]]
 +
VLPO=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7d1ab7f45d007c61b6a1b8abadde723d.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg Craving] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference]
+
* [http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg Regulation of Social Brain] - see [http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Reference] (CT.SOCIAL-BRAIN)
  
−
<img src="http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
AMG=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
DACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]]
 +
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
IFG=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG]]
 +
LSN=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]]
 +
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 +
Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
SGC=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]]
 +
SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]]
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/799323d73ce1925d1148d2575e2779a9.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.large.jpg Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway] - see [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Reference]
+
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html Reference] (CT.MMB-THETA)
  
−
<img src="http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.large.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
AVTH=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV]]
 +
HF=[[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF]]
 +
MMB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB]]
 +
RSP=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]]
 +
SEP=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]]
 +
SupraMM=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM]]
 +
VTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/111fc1b02f4b92516dc6ba2b8dc06e0d.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg Pain matrix] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0 Reference]
+
* [http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg Oculomotor decision-making] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Reference] (CP.OCULOMOTOR-DECISION-MAKING)
  
−
<img src="http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
AMYG=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
CGa=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 +
CGp=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]]
 +
Caudate=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]])
 +
LIP=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]]
 +
NAC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
PFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 +
SEF=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SMC_SEF|Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF]]
 +
SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]]
 +
SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]]
 +
Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1d4f1e638e95cbcc831ce811b7c2518a.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg Hippocampal Formation] - see [[article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf|Reference]]
+
* [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/images/nrendo.2010.93-f1.jpg Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Reference] (CP.BOWELS)
  
−
<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg" alt="unavailable">
+
AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
ARC=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR|Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]]
 +
DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
LHA=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]]
 +
ME=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]]
 +
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
NTS=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]]
 +
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
PBN=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 +
PVN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]]
 +
VMN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM]]
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1550acf4cfac7352ce9d8ba11a39c4e6.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference]
+
* [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reward_circuit.jpg/315908202/Reward_circuit.jpg Reward circuit of human brain] - see [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reference] (CF.REWARD-CIRCUIT)
  
−
<img src="http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png" alt="unavailable">
+
AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/284310755a3e65beb74826e15beade5d.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png Basal Nucleus of Meynert] - see [[article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf|Reference]]
+
* [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg Craving] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference] (CF.CRAVING)
  
−
<img src="http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png" alt="unavailable">
+
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial,FEC.FT.SNR.MED]]
 +
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/03180da352394bdd7711e289118a3d96.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
−
* [http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png Affective basal ganglia circuit] - see [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Reference]
+
* [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.large.jpg Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway] - see [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Reference] (CM.BARRINGTON)
  
−
<img src="http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png" alt="unavailable">
+
BAR=[[BrainRegionLAC_HT_BR|Barrington's Nucleus,LAC.HT.BR]]
 +
IMG=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG|Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG]]
 +
IML=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]]
 +
ONF=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF|Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF]]
 +
PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 +
PEL=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG|Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG]]
 +
SPS=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_SPS|Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/d3a94cb64cd1a44f5a636efab549880c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.medium.gif Spine induction on short primary dendrites in the ventrolateral VMH] - see [http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.expansion Reference] (CL.VMH-PAG)
 +
 
 +
PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 +
VMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/90584ffc3db5a30b720beea518e6e181.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg Afferent pain pathways] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Reference] (CF.PAIN-PATH)
 +
 
 +
ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 +
AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]]
 +
Cerebellum=[[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]]
 +
Insula=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 +
PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 +
PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]]
 +
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
 +
S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
S2=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2|Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2]]
 +
SC=[[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH|Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH]]
 +
Thalamus=[[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/efdfc437211a8a58c0e2fdfb40cbfe3c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg Pain matrix] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0 Reference] (CF.PAIN-MATRIX)
 +
 
 +
ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]])
 +
AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
INS=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]]
 +
PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]]
 +
PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
PPC=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]]
 +
S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]]
 +
SMA=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]]
 +
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/da9ef60331d8479a33db1fd60894d275.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Reference] (CP.GENICULATE-PATHS)
 +
 
 +
LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]]
 +
PPN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]]
 +
RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]]
 +
Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
 +
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]])
 +
VC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e143171723c707d294c39b42fbe01ee6.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/graphic/revneuro-2014-0004_fig1.jpg Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons] - see [http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/revneuro-2014-0004.xml Reference] (CM.SUBTHALAMUS)
 +
 
 +
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
 +
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
PPN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]]
 +
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]])
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7c0828e642ed771ff576b3f3a6362c50.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.endurance-education.com/home/aragorn/www/endurance/htdocs/wp-content/uploads/Stephenson-Jones-2012-Fig-9-1024x489.png Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey] - see [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Reference] (CM.SN-PPN)
 +
 
 +
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
PPN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]]
 +
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]])
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/ae877872fea7af03677243fd8481c11d.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg Hippocampal Formation] - see [[article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf|Reference]] (CT.HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION)
 +
 
 +
ATN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]])
 +
CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
DG=[[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG|Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG]]
 +
DTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT]]
 +
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 +
LDN=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]]
 +
LMam=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB]]
 +
PoS=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS|Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS]]
 +
Rsp=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]]
 +
Sub=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/4d5651d77aacaaeda0f1c20e02778bf5.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=300 width=300>
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference] (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION)
 +
 
 +
AD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD]]
 +
DTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG]]
 +
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 +
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
IPD=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]]
 +
LD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]]
 +
LHAB=[[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula,FAM.FD.HB]]
 +
LMB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB]]
 +
MVSN=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_MVBN|Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN]]
 +
NPRP=[[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH]]
 +
PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
 +
PRHC=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR|Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR]]
 +
PSUB=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS|Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS]]
 +
RSP=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]]
 +
SUPGEN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG]]
 +
VC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1f4c1812ddb8ec93b53b4ed26dc3a381.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/31465/fnint-06-00094-r2/image_m/fnint-06-00094-g002.jpg Effect of light on pupil diameter] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Reference] (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX)
 +
 
 +
DMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]]
 +
EW=[[BrainRegionLAC_MM_EWN|Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN]]
 +
EYE=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]]
 +
GC=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_CLG|Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG]]
 +
IML=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC|Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC]]
 +
LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]]
 +
OPN=[[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON|Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON]]
 +
PVN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]]
 +
RET=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]]
 +
SCG=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]]
 +
SCN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1cde10342c1a8c5667b42d9df87c4f50.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/images/nrn2849-f7.jpg Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Reference] (CF.HB-NICOTINE)
 +
 
 +
IPN=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]]
 +
LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]]
 +
LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula]])
 +
MHB=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/5ad8108c823890273a2c96d0dfc8441f.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png Basal Nucleus of Meynert] - see [[article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf|Reference]] (CF.MEYNERT)
 +
 
 +
AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]]
 +
BMN=[[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM]]
 +
CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]])
 +
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]])
 +
PRR=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER|Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/762f7d6d4d15ec46bec2edb0b1776966.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
 +
 
 +
* [http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png Affective basal ganglia circuit] - see [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Reference] (CF.AFFECTIVE-BG)
 +
 
 +
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]])
 +
OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]])
 +
nBM=[[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM]]
 +
<img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/2b159b54189545739ee84da16d6bf0df.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;">
  
  
Line 433: Line 821:
  
 
* http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
 
* http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula
 +
* http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full
 
* http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
 
* http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders
 +
* http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html
 +
* http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633
 
* http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
 
* http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin
 +
* http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html
 
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
 
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp
 +
* http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html
 
* http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
 
* http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html
 
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html
−
* http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html
 
 
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
 
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0
 +
* http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html
 
* http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity
 
* http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity
 
* http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html
 
* http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html
 +
* http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.expansion
 +
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html
 
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0
 
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0
 +
* http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308
 +
* http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/revneuro-2014-0004.xml
 +
* http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs
 
* article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf
 
* article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf
 
* http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
 
* http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells
 +
* http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full
 +
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html
 
* article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf
 
* article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf
 
* http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx
 
* http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx

Latest revision as of 18:24, 28 April 2019

Modulatory Contol Area

Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLMC

Local Circuits

(generated)

ID Name Regions Quality
5HT Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness LMC.HL.RP.MG, LMC.HL.RP.OB, LMC.HL.RP.PL, LMC.HP.RP.LI, LMC.HP.RP.PRN, LMC.MM.RP.DRN, LMC.MM.RP.SUC L0
ACH Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward LMC.FT.NBM, LMC.HT.TG.LDT, LMC.HT.TG.PPN L0
DA Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness LMC.MM.VTA L0
ENK Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body LMC.MM.PAG L0
NE Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response LMC.HT.LC L0

Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments Quality
LMC.HL.RP.MG Raphe Magnus Nucleus nucleus LUS Inhibit head and spinal pain L0
LMC.HL.RP.OB Raphe Obscurus Nucleus nucleus LUS Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column L0
LMC.HL.RP.PL Raphe Pallidus Nucleus nucleus LUS Spinal pain control L0
LMC.HP.RP.LI Raphe Nucleus Linearis nucleus LUS Release of 5-HT was only obtained on stimulation of this nucleus L0
LMC.HP.RP.PRN Pontine Raphe Nucleus nucleus LUS Regulation of sleep cycle L0
LMC.MM.RP.DRN Dorsal Raphe Nucleus nucleus LUS Regulation of sleep and mood L0
LMC.MM.RP.SUC Superior Central Raphe Nucleus nucleus LUS Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus;
Hallucinations 		L0

Internal Region Connections:

Source Region Target Region Type Role Reference
LMC.HP.RP.LI LMC.MM.RP.DRN nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Role Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.HL.RP.MG FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus uncertain Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> MRN, abstract)
LMC.MM.RP.DRN FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus uncertain Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> DRN)
LMC.MM.RP.SUC FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus uncertain Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)
FEC LMC.HL.RP.MG FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> Raphe, abstract)
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba uncertain Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> MRN, abstract)
LMC.MM.RP.DRN FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> DRN)
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba uncertain Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> DRN)
LAC LMC.HL.RP.MG LAC.FD.HT.LTN Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.PV Paraventricular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC.HL.RP.OB LAC.FD.HT.MPO Median Preoptic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
LLC LMC.MM.RP.DRN LLC.FD.TH.SF Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-gaba uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC LMC.HL.RP.MG LMC.MM.PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)
LMC.HL.RP.PL LMC.MM.PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)
LRC LMC.HL.RP.MG LRC.MM.SCNF Subcuneiform Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.RP.PRN LRC.MM.SCNF Subcuneiform Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Role Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.MM.RP.DRN NDM.FD.TH.PV Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.RP.SUC FAM.FT.SEP.LT Lateral Septal Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.MM.RP.SUC FEC.FD.STN.ICD Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
FMM LMC.MM.RP.SUC FMM.FD.MB.MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
LAC LMC.MM.RP.SUC LAC.FD.HT.PN Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.SUM Supramammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
LLC LMC.HL.RP.OB LLC.HT.CR.PV Cerebellar Paravermis nucleus-allocortex-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC.HP.RP.PRN LLC.HT.CR.PV Cerebellar Paravermis nucleus-allocortex-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
LPC LMC.HL.RP.MG LPC.SC.PH.LSG Lower Substantia Gelatinosa nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
LPC.SC.PH.USG Upper Substantia Gelatinosa nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC.HL.RP.OB LPC.SC.IZ.IMM Intermediomedial Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC.HL.RP.PL LPC.SC.PH.LMG Lower Marginal Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)
LPC.SC.PH.UMG Upper Marginal Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-5HT uncertain (unknown reference)

Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments Quality
LMC.FT.NBM Basal Nucleus of Meynert nucleus FAU Control imagination vs perception L0
LMC.HT.TG.LDT Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus nucleus LUS Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses L0
LMC.HT.TG.PPN Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei nucleus LUS Provide sensory feedback to cerebral cortex; modulatory L0

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Role Reference
Cortical
NSA LMC.HT.TG.LDT NSA.FD.TH.SG Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.FT.NBM FAM.FT.AM.AB Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.AM.BP Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.AM.CEM Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
FAM.FT.BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC.HT.TG.LDT FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus uncertain Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHbM -> DTG)
FEC LMC.FT.NBM FEC.FD.STN.CD Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
FEC.FT.ACC.SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell nucleus-nucleus-gaba uncertain Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)
LMC.HT.TG.LDT FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN)
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC.HT.TG.PPN FEC.FT.VP.VM Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial nucleus-nucleus-gaba uncertain Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract)
FMM LMC.HT.TG.LDT FMM.FD.MB.LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)
LAC LMC.HT.TG.LDT LAC.FD.HT.VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (VLPO -> LDTg)
LRC LMC.HT.TG.LDT LRC.HL.NPH Prepositus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Role Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.FT.NBM NDM.NC.AL.FPC Lateral Frontopolar Cortex nucleus-neocortex-ACh uncertain Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)
NSA LMC.FT.NBM NSA.NC.OCC.V1 Primary Visual Cortex nucleus-neocortex-ACh uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC.HT.TG.LDT NSA.FD.TH.SG Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> SUPGEN)
LMC.HT.TG.PPN NSA.FD.LGN Lateral Geniculate Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.FT.NBM FAM.FT.AM.BM Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.HT.TG.LDT FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC.HT.TG.PPN FEC.FD.STN.MED Subthalamic Nucleus Medial nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> STN, abstract)
FEC.FT.SNR.DL Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> SNr, abstract)
FMM LMC.HT.TG.LDT FMM.FD.MB.LMB Lateral Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Hippocampal Formation (DTN -> LMam)
LAC LMC.HT.TG.LDT LAC.HL.SAL.ISL Inferior Salivatory Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain (unknown reference)
LAC.HL.SAL.SSL Superior Salivatory Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain (unknown reference)
LRC LMC.HT.TG.LDT LRC.HL.NPH Prepositus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)
LMC.HT.TG.PPN LRC.MM.SC.INT Intermediate Superior Colliculus nucleus-nucleus uncertain Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)

Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments Quality
LMC.MM.VTA Ventral Tegmental Area nucleus LUS Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues L0

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Role Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.VTA FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus uncertain Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> VTA)
FAM.FT.BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.MM.VTA FEC.FT.ACC.CORE Nucleus Accumbens Core nucleus-nucleus-gaba uncertain Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)
FEC.FT.VP.VM Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial nucleus-nucleus-gaba uncertain Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract)
FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> VTA)
FEC.HT.TG.RMTG Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-gaba uncertain Amygdala and its network (RMTG -> VTA)
LPC LMC.MM.VTA LPC.HL.SOL Solitary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (NTS -> VTA)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Role Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.MM.VTA NDM.NC.AL.DACG Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area nucleus-neocortex-DA uncertain (unknown reference)
NDM.NC.AL.FPC Lateral Frontopolar Cortex nucleus-neocortex-DA uncertain Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.VTA FAM.FT.AM.CEC Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision nucleus-nucleus-DA uncertain Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)
FEC LMC.MM.VTA FEC.FT.ACC.SH Nucleus Accumbens Shell nucleus-nucleus-DA uncertain Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)
FEC.FT.PU.LT Dorsal Putamen Lateral nucleus-nucleus-DA uncertain Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)
FEC.FT.PU.MED Dorsal Putamen Medial nucleus-nucleus-DA uncertain Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)
FMM LMC.MM.VTA FMM.FD.MB.MMB Medial Mammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA uncertain Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)
FMM.FT.HC.CA1D Distal CA1 of Hippocampus nucleus-allocortex-DA uncertain Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)
FMM.NC.PH.LEC Lateral Entorhinal Cortex nucleus-neocortex-DA uncertain Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)
LAC LMC.MM.VTA LAC.FD.HT.PRM Premammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA uncertain (unknown reference)
LAC.FD.HT.PV Paraventricular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-DA uncertain Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)

Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments Quality
LMC.MM.PAG Periaqueductal Gray Matter nucleus LUS Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour L0

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Role Reference
Cortical
NCP LMC.MM.PAG NCP.NC.AL.SGCG Subgenual Cingulate Cortex neocortex-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.MM.PAG FAM.FT.AM.CEM Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)
FEC LMC.MM.PAG FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ACh uncertain Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Role Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.MM.PAG NDM.FD.TH.PV Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain (unknown reference)
Subcortical
LAC LMC.MM.PAG LAC.HT.BR Barrington's Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)
LLC LMC.MM.PAG LLC.FD.TH.SF Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain (unknown reference)
LMC LMC.MM.PAG LMC.HL.RP.MG Raphe Magnus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)
LMC.HL.RP.PL Raphe Pallidus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)
LPC LMC.MM.PAG LPC.HL.AMB Ambiguus Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain (unknown reference)
LRC LMC.MM.PAG LRC.HL.RA Retroambigualis Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain (unknown reference)
LRC.HT.NSC Nucleus Subceruleus nucleus-nucleus-ENK uncertain (unknown reference)

Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response

unavailable

Component ID Component Name Type Service Function Comments Quality
LMC.HT.LC Locus Coeruleus nucleus LUS Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli, arousal and autonomic
activity 		L0

Internal Region Connections:

  • no connections

External Inbound Region Connections:

Source Area Local Region Source Region Source Name Type Role Reference
Cortical
NDM LMC.HT.LC NDM.NC.AL.VACG Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area neocortex-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
Subcortical
FAM LMC.HT.LC FAM.FT.AM.CEM Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)
FAM.FT.BNST Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
LAC LMC.HT.LC LAC.FD.HT.DM Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain Effect of light on pupil diameter (DMH -> LC)
LAC.FD.HT.TBM Tuberomammillary Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)
LRC LMC.HT.LC LRC.HL.RF.MED Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus uncertain (unknown reference)

External Outbound Region Connections:

Target Area Local Region Target Region Target Name Type Role Reference
Subcortical
FAM LMC.HT.LC FAM.FD.LHB.LT Lateral Habenula Lateral Part nucleus-nucleus-NE uncertain Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)
FAM.FD.LHB.MED Lateral Habenula Medial Part nucleus-nucleus-NE uncertain Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)
FAM.FD.MHB Medial Habenula nucleus-nucleus-NE uncertain Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> MHB)
FAM.FT.SEP.DBB Diagonal Band of Broca nucleus-nucleus-NE uncertain (unknown reference)
FEC LMC.HT.LC FEC.FT.SNC.MED Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial nucleus-nucleus-NE uncertain (unknown reference)
FEC.HT.TG.IPD Interpeduncular Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-NE uncertain Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> IPN)
LAC LMC.HT.LC LAC.FD.HT.VLPO Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-NE uncertain Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (LC -> VLPO)
LAC.SC.IZ.CSC Ciliospinal Center nucleus-nucleus-NE uncertain Effect of light on pupil diameter (LC -> IML)
LAC.SC.IZ.IML Intermediolateral Nucleus nucleus-nucleus-NE uncertain Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)

Thirdparty Circuits

(generated) 

CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DR=Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
IP=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see Hypothalamus)
LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
LPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
MR=Superior Central Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.SUC
PB=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE
S=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DTG=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG
EPN=Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
LHT=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
LHbL=Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT
LHbM=Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED
NI=Incertus Nucleus,FAM.HT.TG.NI
RMTg=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
VTG=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTG


CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
DVM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN
IMG=Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG
IML=Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
MPOA=Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO
NBM=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM
ONF=Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF
PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PEL=Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG
PU=Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
SNC=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SPS=Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
ZI=Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI


DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB
DRN=Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN
GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see Basal Ganglia)
IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
LHbL=Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT
LHbM=Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED
LPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
LS=Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT
MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
MS=Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED
PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see Septal Nuclei)
RMTg=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia)
EP=Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF
Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
M=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation)
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
Septum=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


BLN=Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP
CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see Amygdala)
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
HTS=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
ITC=Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE
LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see Amygdala)
LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus)
MPFC=Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
RMTG=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG
STC=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3
VGDM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


ACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see Hippocampal Formation)
CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see Hippocampal Formation)
DG=Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PPTG=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN
SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


ADTH=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD
AMTH=Anteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.AM
AVTH=Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV
DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT
LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB
MMB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB
MedialEC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
PAS=Parasubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PAS
POS=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS
PRS=Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS
SEP=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
SupraMM=Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM
TuberoMM=Lateral Tuberal Nuclei,LAC.FD.HT.LTUB (see Hypothalamus)
VTN=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see Hypothalamus)
HT.PV=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
INS=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
PB=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PUT=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE
SOL=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH


LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
LDTg=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT
TMN=Tuberomammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.TBM
VLPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO


AMG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
DACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG
DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IFG=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG
LSN=Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN
MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia)
SGC=Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG
SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia)
VACC=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)


AVTH=Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV
HF=Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF
MMB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB
RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC
SEP=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP
SupraMM=Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM
VTN=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


AMYG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
CGa=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
CGp=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG
Caudate=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia)
FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see Premotor Cortex)
LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP
NAC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex)
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
SEF=Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL
Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR
DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see Basal Ganglia)
LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN
ME=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE
NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
NTS=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL
OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
VMN=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial,FEC.FT.SNR.MED
VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA


BAR=Barrington's Nucleus,LAC.HT.BR
IMG=Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG
IML=Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML
ONF=Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
PEL=Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG
SPS=Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS


PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
VMH=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM


ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG
Cerebellum=Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC
Insula=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
PB=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB
PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC
S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
S2=Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2
SC=Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH
Thalamus=Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR


ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area)
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
INS=Insular Cortex,NC.INS
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG
PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
PPC=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL
S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1
SMA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC
TH=Thalamus,FD.TH


LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN
PPN=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN
RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF
Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon)
VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC


CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia)
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
PPN=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see Basal Ganglia)
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area)


GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia)
GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia)
PPN=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN
SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia)
SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see Basal Ganglia)
STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area)


ATN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus)
CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see Hippocampal Formation)
CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see Hippocampal Formation)
DG=Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG
DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
LDN=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD
LMam=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB
PoS=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS
Rsp=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC
Sub=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)


AD=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD
DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation)
IPD=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD
LHAB=Habenula,FAM.FD.HB
LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB
MVSN=Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN
NPRP=Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH
PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR
PRHC=Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR
PSUB=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS
RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC
SUPGEN=Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG
VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC


DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM
EW=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN
EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE
GC=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG
IML=Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
OPN=Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON
PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV
RET=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT
SCG=Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG
SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN


IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC
LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula)
MHB=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB


AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM
BMN=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM
CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see Hippocampal Formation)
EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex)
PRR=Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER


NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia)
OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex)
nBM=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM


References

(generated)

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