Difference between revisions of "BrainAreaLMC"
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<pre style="color: green">Modulatory Contol Area</pre> | <pre style="color: green">Modulatory Contol Area</pre> | ||
[[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaLMC]] | [[Home]] -> [[BiologicalLifeResearch]] -> [[BrainAreaLMC]] | ||
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{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''ID''' || '''Name''' || '''Regions''' | + | | '''ID''' || '''Name''' || '''Regions''' || '''Quality''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[ | + | | 5HT || Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]], [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[ | + | | ACH || Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]], [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] | + | | DA || Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | ENK || Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] | + | | ENK || Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | NE || Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] | + | | NE || Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || L0 |
|} | |} | ||
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{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Inhibit head and spinal pain || || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || Raphe Obscurus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column || | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || Raphe Obscurus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column || || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Spinal pain control || | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Spinal pain control || || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]] || Raphe Nucleus Linearis || nucleus || LUS || Release of 5-HT was only obtained on stimulation of this nucleus || | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]] || Raphe Nucleus Linearis || nucleus || LUS || Release of 5-HT was only obtained on stimulation of this nucleus || || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || Pontine Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep cycle || | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || Pontine Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep cycle || || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || Dorsal Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulation of sleep and mood || || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || Superior Central Raphe Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus;<BR>Hallucinations || || L0 |
|} | |} | ||
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{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Source Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Source Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_LI|LMC.HP.RP.LI]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|} | |} | ||
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{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> MRN, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> MRN, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> DRN)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> Raphe, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> MRN, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> DRN)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> DRN)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] || Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|LAC.FD.HT.MPO]] || Median Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SCNF|LRC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SCNF|LRC.MM.SCNF]] || Subcuneiform Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|} | |} | ||
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{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red"> | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV|NDM.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|FAM.FT.SEP.LT]] || Lateral Septal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_ICD|FEC.FD.STN.ICD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PN|LAC.FD.HT.PN]] || Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || | + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|LAC.FD.HT.SUM]] || Supramammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|LLC.HT.CR.PV]] || Cerebellar Paravermis || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HP_RP_PRN|LMC.HP.RP.PRN]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_HT_CR_PV|LLC.HT.CR.PV]] || Cerebellar Paravermis || nucleus-allocortex-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LSG|LPC.SC.PH.LSG]] || Lower Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || | + | | || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_USG|LPC.SC.PH.USG]] || Upper Substantia Gelatinosa || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_OB|LMC.HL.RP.OB]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_IZ_IMM|LPC.SC.IZ.IMM]] || Intermediomedial Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_LMG|LPC.SC.PH.LMG]] || Lower Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLPC_SC_PH_UMG|LPC.SC.PH.UMG]] || Upper Marginal Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-5HT || uncertain || (unknown reference) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || Basal Nucleus of Meynert || nucleus || FAU || Control imagination vs perception || || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus || LUS || Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses || || L0 |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei || nucleus || LUS || Provide sensory feedback to cerebral cortex; modulatory || || L0 |
|} | |} | ||
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{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red"> | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_AB|FAM.FT.AM.AB]] || Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|FAM.FT.AM.BP]] || Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHbM -> DTG)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|FEC.FD.STN.CD]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM|FEC.FT.VP.VM]] || Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]] || Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (VLPO -> LDTg)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 181: | Line 186: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaNSA|NSA]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_NC_OCC_V1|NSA.NC.OCC.V1]] || Primary Visual Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || [[ | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|NSA.FD.TH.SG]] || Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> SUPGEN)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|NSA.FD.LGN]] || Lateral Geniculate Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|LMC.FT.NBM]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BM|FAM.FT.AM.BM]] || Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_MED|FEC.FD.STN.MED]] || Subthalamic Nucleus Medial || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> STN, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|FEC.FT.SNR.DL]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> SNr, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || ( | + | | [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] || Lateral Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://ahuman.org/svn/ahengine/research/articles/2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf Hippocampal Formation (DTN -> LMam)] |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_ISL|LAC.HL.SAL.ISL]] || Inferior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_HL_SAL_SSL|LAC.HL.SAL.SSL]] || Superior Salivatory Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|LRC.HL.NPH]] || Prepositus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP)] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_MM_SC_INT|LRC.MM.SC.INT]] || Intermediate Superior Colliculus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract)] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 212: | Line 225: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus || LUS || Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues || | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || Ventral Tegmental Area || nucleus || LUS || Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues || || L0 |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 223: | Line 236: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> VTA)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_CORE|FEC.FT.ACC.CORE]] || Nucleus Accumbens Core || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_VP_VM|FEC.FT.VP.VM]] || Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> VTA)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] || Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-gaba || uncertain || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (RMTG -> VTA)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|LPC.HL.SOL]] || Solitary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (NTS -> VTA)] |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 243: | Line 258: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex-DA || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] || Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area || nucleus-neocortex-DA || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract)] | + | | || || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_FPC|NDM.NC.AL.FPC]] || Lateral Frontopolar Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || uncertain || [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEC|FAM.FT.AM.CEC]] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEC|FAM.FT.AM.CEC]] || Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_ACC_SH|FEC.FT.ACC.SH]] || Nucleus Accumbens Shell || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT|FEC.FT.PU.LT]] || Dorsal Putamen Lateral || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_MED|FEC.FT.PU.MED]] || Dorsal Putamen Medial || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaFMM|FMM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] || Medial Mammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_CA1D|FMM.FT.HC.CA1D]] || Distal CA1 of Hippocampus || nucleus-allocortex-DA || uncertain || [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_LEC|FMM.NC.PH.LEC]] || Lateral Entorhinal Cortex || nucleus-neocortex-DA || uncertain || [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)] | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|LMC.MM.VTA]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PRM|LAC.FD.HT.PRM]] || Premammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|LAC.FD.HT.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-DA || uncertain || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN)] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 276: | Line 293: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus || LUS || Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour || | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || Periaqueductal Gray Matter || nucleus || LUS || Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour || || L0 |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 287: | Line 304: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaNCP|NCP]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] || Subgenual Cingulate Cortex || neocortex-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ACh || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG)] |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 305: | Line 320: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_FD_TH_PV|NDM.FD.TH.PV]] || Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_HT_BR|LAC.HT.BR]] || Barrington's Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaLLC|LLC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLLC_FD_TH_SF|LLC.FD.TH.SF]] || Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaLMC|LMC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_MG|LMC.HL.RP.MG]] || Raphe Magnus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionLMC_HL_RP_PL|LMC.HL.RP.PL]] || Raphe Pallidus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | [[BrainAreaLPC|LPC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLPC_HL_AMB|LPC.HL.AMB]] || Ambiguus Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RA|LRC.HL.RA]] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|LMC.MM.PAG]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RA|LRC.HL.RA]] || Retroambigualis Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_NSC|LRC.HT.NSC]] || Nucleus Subceruleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || (unknown reference) | + | | || || [[BrainRegionLRC_HT_NSC|LRC.HT.NSC]] || Nucleus Subceruleus || nucleus-nucleus-ENK || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 332: | Line 349: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' | + | | '''Component ID''' || '''Component Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Service''' || '''Function''' || '''Comments''' || '''Quality''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli | + | | [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || Locus Coeruleus || nucleus || LUS || Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli, arousal and autonomic<BR>activity || || L0 |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 343: | Line 360: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Source Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Source Region''' || '''Source Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || | + | | <font color="red">Cortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaNDM|NDM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] || Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area || neocortex-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)] | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_CEM|FAM.FT.AM.CEM]] || Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_BNST|FAM.FT.BNST]] || Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || ( | + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|LAC.FD.HT.DM]] || Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (DMH -> LC)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|LAC.FD.HT.TBM]] || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|LAC.FD.HT.TBM]] || Tuberomammillary Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|LRC.HL.RF.MED]] || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || (unknown reference) | + | | [[BrainAreaLRC|LRC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLRC_HL_RF_MED|LRC.HL.RF.MED]] || Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
|} | |} | ||
| Line 365: | Line 382: | ||
{| class=wikitable width=80% | {| class=wikitable width=80% | ||
| − | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Reference''' | + | | '''Target Area''' || '''Local Region''' || '''Target Region''' || '''Target Name''' || '''Type''' || '''Role''' || '''Reference''' |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || | + | | <font color="red">Subcortical</font> || || || || || || |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[ | + | | [[BrainAreaFAM|FAM]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|FAM.FD.LHB.LT]] || Lateral Habenula Lateral Part || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || || [[ | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] || Lateral Habenula Medial Part || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|FAM.FD.MHB]] || Medial Habenula || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> MHB)] |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] || Intermediolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)] | + | | || || [[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] || Diagonal Band of Broca || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || (unknown reference) |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaFEC|FEC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_MED|FEC.FT.SNC.MED]] || Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || (unknown reference) | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] || Interpeduncular Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> IPN)] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[BrainAreaLAC|LAC]] || [[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|LMC.HT.LC]] || [[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]] || Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (LC -> VLPO)] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC|LAC.SC.IZ.CSC]] || Ciliospinal Center || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Effect of light on pupil diameter (LC -> IML)] | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | || || [[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] || Intermediolateral Nucleus || nucleus-nucleus-NE || uncertain || [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML)] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 381: | Line 408: | ||
(generated) | (generated) | ||
| − | * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg Habenula Connections] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Reference] | + | * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/thumb/2/2d/Hb-connections-small.jpg/800px-Hb-connections-small.jpg Habenula Connections] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Habenula Reference] (CF.HB-CONNECTIONS) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) |
| + | DBB=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] | ||
| + | DR=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] | ||
| + | GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | IP=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] | ||
| + | LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]]) | ||
| + | LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula]]) | ||
| + | LPO=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]] | ||
| + | MHb=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]] | ||
| + | MR=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_SUC|Superior Central Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.SUC]] | ||
| + | PB=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]] | ||
| + | S=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]] | ||
| + | SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]] | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/fa0c61d9adf99556d6de6701a35123b8.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/70852/fnhum-07-00826-HTML/image_m/fnhum-07-00826-g002.jpg Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full Reference] | + | * [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/70852/fnhum-07-00826-HTML/image_m/fnhum-07-00826-g002.jpg Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00826/full Reference] (CF.REM-HB) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | DBB=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] |
| + | DTG=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] | ||
| + | EPN=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF|Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF]] | ||
| + | GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | LHT=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] | ||
| + | LHbL=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT]] | ||
| + | LHbM=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] | ||
| + | NI=[[BrainRegionFAM_HT_TG_NI|Incertus Nucleus,FAM.HT.TG.NI]] | ||
| + | RMTg=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] | ||
| + | Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation]]) | ||
| + | SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | VTG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTG]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/9876de47985d221848d9333bddb7bf59.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference] | + | * [http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/40109/media/image1.jpeg Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract] - see [http://www.intechopen.com/books/computational-intelligence-in-electromyography-analysis-a-perspective-on-current-applications-and-future-challenges/sphincter-emg-for-diagnosing-multiple-system-atrophy-and-related-disorders Reference] (CM.ONUF) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) |
| + | DVM=[[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN|Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN]] | ||
| + | IMG=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG|Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG]] | ||
| + | IML=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] | ||
| + | LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]] | ||
| + | MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | MPOA=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_MPO|Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO]] | ||
| + | NBM=[[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM]] | ||
| + | ONF=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF|Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF]] | ||
| + | PBN=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]] | ||
| + | PEL=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG|Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG]] | ||
| + | PU=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_PU_LT|Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT]] | ||
| + | PVN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]] | ||
| + | SNC=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]] | ||
| + | SPS=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_SPS|Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS]] | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | ZI=[[BrainRegionFEC_FD_STN_CD|Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/b3238c9c6efdcfa004931bec8815fc0b.jpeg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/images/nn.3779-F2.jpg Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Reference] | + | * [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/images/nn.3779-F2.jpg Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v17/n9/fig_tab/nn.3779_F2.html Reference] (CF.HB-DA5HT) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | DBB=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_DBB|Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB]] |
| + | DRN=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_RP_DRN|Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN]] | ||
| + | GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | IPN=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] | ||
| + | LHA=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] | ||
| + | LHbL=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_LT|Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT]] | ||
| + | LHbM=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_LHB_MED|Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED]] | ||
| + | LPO=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]] | ||
| + | LS=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_LT|Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT]] | ||
| + | MHb=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]] | ||
| + | MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation]]) | ||
| + | MS=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_SEP_MED|Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED]] | ||
| + | PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei]]) | ||
| + | RMTg=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] | ||
| + | SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/97cf0802ee48a418ff7f70f80ce204e1.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://d2avczb82rh8fa.cloudfront.net/content/jn/107/10/2633/F1.large.jpg Connectivity map of the habenula] - see [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Reference] | + | * [http://d2avczb82rh8fa.cloudfront.net/content/jn/107/10/2633/F1.large.jpg Connectivity map of the habenula] - see [http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 Reference] (CF.HB-CONN) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) |
| + | EP=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_EPF|Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF]] | ||
| + | Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | IPN=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] | ||
| + | L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula]]) | ||
| + | LH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] | ||
| + | M=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]] | ||
| + | NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]] | ||
| + | Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see [[BrainCenterHL_RF|Medullary Reticular Formation]]) | ||
| + | SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | Septum=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]] | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/213e030f063f9640f8ace79244e622d1.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png Amygdala and its network] - see [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference] | + | * [http://sni.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/3520/SNI-3-40-g001.png Amygdala and its network] - see [http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin Reference] (CF.AM-NET) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | BLN=[[BrainRegionFAM_FT_AM_BP|Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP]] |
| + | CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala]]) | ||
| + | EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | HTS=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] | ||
| + | ITC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_IT_TE|Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE]] | ||
| + | LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala]]) | ||
| + | LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula]]) | ||
| + | MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]]) | ||
| + | MPFC=[[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC]] | ||
| + | NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]] | ||
| + | RMTG=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_RMTG|Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG]] | ||
| + | STC=[[BrainRegionNSA_NC_STG_A3|Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3]] | ||
| + | VGDM=[[BrainRegionLAC_HL_VGN|Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN]] | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/148ecc584cca86040df3ac88ecdbcba6.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://www. | + | * [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/6-HippocampalVTA.jpg Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference] (CT.LONG-TERM-MEMORY-VTA) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | ACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) |
| + | CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | DG=[[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG|Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG]] | ||
| + | EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | PPTG=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] | ||
| + | SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e3d02da6dc6102c07ec019fae91c8253.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f2.jpg Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html Reference] (CT.MB-MEMORY) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | ADTH=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD]] |
| + | AMTH=[[BrainRegionNCP_FD_TH_AM|Anteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.AM]] | ||
| + | AVTH=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV]] | ||
| + | DTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] | ||
| + | LMB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] | ||
| + | MMB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] | ||
| + | MedialEC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | PAS=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PAS|Parasubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PAS]] | ||
| + | POS=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS|Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS]] | ||
| + | PRS=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PRS|Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS]] | ||
| + | SEP=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]] | ||
| + | SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | SupraMM=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM]] | ||
| + | TuberoMM=Lateral Tuberal Nuclei,LAC.FD.HT.LTUB (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]]) | ||
| + | VTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/c973c3b2fef0f2bf256543a0a064fe81.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://neuropolitics.org/connect-amygdala.jpg Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex] - see [http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp Reference] (CF.AM-DISRUPTION) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]]) |
| + | AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]] | ||
| + | HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see [[BrainCenterFD_HT|Hypothalamus]]) | ||
| + | HT.PV=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]] | ||
| + | INS=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]] | ||
| + | LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]] | ||
| + | MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]] | ||
| + | PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]] | ||
| + | PUT=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]] | ||
| + | SOL=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]] | ||
| + | TH=Thalamus,FD.TH | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e212b5f27aa77f69673ce0cb4ce84428.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://www.nature.com/ | + | * [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/images/nn913-F1.jpg Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway] - see [http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html Reference] (CL.TBM-PO) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]] |
| + | LDTg=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] | ||
| + | TMN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_TBM|Tuberomammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.TBM]] | ||
| + | VLPO=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VLPO|Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7d1ab7f45d007c61b6a1b8abadde723d.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://brmlab.cz/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=fca48f&media=http%3A%2F%2Fars.els-cdn.com%2Fcontent%2Fimage%2F1-s2.0-S1364661308002490-gr2.jpg Regulation of Social Brain] - see [http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc Reference] (CT.SOCIAL-BRAIN) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | AMG=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]] |
| + | Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | DACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_DACG|Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG]] | ||
| + | DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | IFG=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_IPG|Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG]] | ||
| + | LSN=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_LH_LSN|Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN]] | ||
| + | MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | SGC=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_AL_SGCG|Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG]] | ||
| + | SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | VACC=[[BrainRegionNDM_NC_AL_VACG|Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG]] | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/799323d73ce1925d1148d2575e2779a9.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/images/nrn1299-f4.jpg Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html Reference] (CT.MMB-THETA) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | AVTH=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AV|Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV]] |
| + | HF=[[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF]] | ||
| + | MMB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_MMB|Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB]] | ||
| + | RSP=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]] | ||
| + | SEP=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_SEP|Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP]] | ||
| + | SupraMM=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SUM|Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM]] | ||
| + | VTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/111fc1b02f4b92516dc6ba2b8dc06e0d.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://img.springerimages.com/Images/Springer/PUB=Springer-Verlag-Berlin-Heidelberg/JOU=00359/VOL=2005.191/ISU=3/ART=2004_565/MediaObjects/WATER_s00359-004-0565-9fhc1.jpg Oculomotor decision-making] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 Reference] (CP.OCULOMOTOR-DECISION-MAKING) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | AMYG=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]] |
| + | CGa=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]]) | ||
| + | CGp=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_PSCG|Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG]] | ||
| + | Caudate=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see [[BrainCenterNC_PMC|Premotor Cortex]]) | ||
| + | LIP=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_IPS_LIP|Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP]] | ||
| + | NAC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | PFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_LPFC|Lateral Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]]) | ||
| + | SEF=[[BrainRegionNPE_NC_SMC_SEF|Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF]] | ||
| + | SNc=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNC_LT|Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT]] | ||
| + | SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_DL|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL]] | ||
| + | Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1d4f1e638e95cbcc831ce811b7c2518a.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://www. | + | * [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/images/nrendo.2010.93-f1.jpg Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html Reference] (CP.BOWELS) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]] |
| + | ARC=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_AR|Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR]] | ||
| + | DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | LHA=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_LTN|Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN]] | ||
| + | ME=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TEA_ENDOCRINE|Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE]] | ||
| + | NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | NTS=[[BrainRegionLPC_HL_SOL|Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL]] | ||
| + | OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | PBN=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]] | ||
| + | PVN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]] | ||
| + | VMN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM]] | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1550acf4cfac7352ce9d8ba11a39c4e6.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/file/view/Reward_circuit.jpg/315908202/Reward_circuit.jpg Reward circuit of human brain] - see [http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity Reference] (CF.REWARD-CIRCUIT) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]] |
| + | HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/284310755a3e65beb74826e15beade5d.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://www. | + | * [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/images/8-Urges9proof.jpg Craving] - see [http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html Reference] (CF.CRAVING) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) |
| + | OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | SNr=[[BrainRegionFEC_FT_SNR_MED|Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial,FEC.FT.SNR.MED]] | ||
| + | VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | VTA=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_VTA|Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/03180da352394bdd7711e289118a3d96.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.large.jpg Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway] - see [http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html Reference] (CM.BARRINGTON) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | BAR=[[BrainRegionLAC_HT_BR|Barrington's Nucleus,LAC.HT.BR]] |
| + | IMG=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_IMG|Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG]] | ||
| + | IML=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_IML|Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML]] | ||
| + | ONF=[[BrainRegionLPC_SC_VH_ONF|Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF]] | ||
| + | PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]] | ||
| + | PEL=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_PPG|Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG]] | ||
| + | SPS=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_SPS|Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/d3a94cb64cd1a44f5a636efab549880c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://www. | + | * [http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.medium.gif Spine induction on short primary dendrites in the ventrolateral VMH] - see [http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.expansion Reference] (CL.VMH-PAG) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]] |
| + | VMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_VM|Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/90584ffc3db5a30b720beea518e6e181.gif" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/ | + | * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/images/nrn3516-f2.jpg Afferent pain pathways] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html Reference] (CF.PAIN-PATH) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]]) |
| + | AMY=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]] | ||
| + | BG=[[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG]] | ||
| + | Cerebellum=[[BrainCenterLLC_HT_CRC|Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC]] | ||
| + | Insula=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]] | ||
| + | PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]] | ||
| + | PB=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_PRF_PB|Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB]] | ||
| + | PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC | ||
| + | S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]] | ||
| + | S2=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S2|Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2]] | ||
| + | SC=[[BrainCenterBMA_SC_PH|Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH]] | ||
| + | Thalamus=[[BrainCenterFD_TH_SR|Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/efdfc437211a8a58c0e2fdfb40cbfe3c.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://www.springerimages.com/img/Images/Springer/JOU=10194/VOL=2006.7/ISU=4/ART=2006_307/MediaObjects/MEDIUM_10194_2006_Article_307_Fig1.jpg Pain matrix] - see [http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0 Reference] (CF.PAIN-MATRIX) |
| − | <img src="http:// | + | ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see [[BrainCenterNC_ACG|Anterior Cingulate Area]]) |
| + | AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]] | ||
| + | INS=[[BrainCenterNC_INS|Insular Cortex,NC.INS]] | ||
| + | PAG=[[BrainRegionLMC_MM_PAG|Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG]] | ||
| + | PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | PPC=[[BrainCenterNC_SPL|Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL]] | ||
| + | S1=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_PG_S1|Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1]] | ||
| + | SMA=[[BrainCenterNMA_NC_SMC|Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC]] | ||
| + | TH=Thalamus,FD.TH | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/da9ef60331d8479a33db1fd60894d275.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| − | * [http:// | + | * [http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0387760401003308-gr2.jpg Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths] - see [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 Reference] (CP.GENICULATE-PATHS) |
| − | <img src="http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png" alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | + | LGN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_LGN|Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN]] |
| + | PPN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] | ||
| + | RF=[[BrainCenterHT_RF|Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF]] | ||
| + | Retina=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]] | ||
| + | SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see [[BrainCenterMM_REF|Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon]]) | ||
| + | VC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/e143171723c707d294c39b42fbe01ee6.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/graphic/revneuro-2014-0004_fig1.jpg Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons] - see [http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/revneuro-2014-0004.xml Reference] (CM.SUBTHALAMUS) | ||
| + | |||
| + | CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT | ||
| + | GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | PPN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] | ||
| + | SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]]) | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/7c0828e642ed771ff576b3f3a6362c50.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [http://www.endurance-education.com/home/aragorn/www/endurance/htdocs/wp-content/uploads/Stephenson-Jones-2012-Fig-9-1024x489.png Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey] - see [http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs Reference] (CM.SN-PPN) | ||
| + | |||
| + | GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | PPN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_PPN|Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN]] | ||
| + | SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FD_STA|Subthalamus Area]]) | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/ae877872fea7af03677243fd8481c11d.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/brain/HF.jpg Hippocampal Formation] - see [[article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf|Reference]] (CT.HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ATN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see [[BrainCenterFD_TH_CR|Cognitive Thalamus]]) | ||
| + | CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | DG=[[BrainRegionFMM_FT_HC_DG|Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG]] | ||
| + | DTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT]] | ||
| + | EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | LDN=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]] | ||
| + | LMam=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] | ||
| + | PoS=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS|Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS]] | ||
| + | Rsp=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]] | ||
| + | Sub=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/4d5651d77aacaaeda0f1c20e02778bf5.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;" height=300 width=300> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [http://www.scholarpedia.org/w/images/6/63/Taube_Figure_5a.png Head Direction Cell Circuit] - see [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells Reference] (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION) | ||
| + | |||
| + | AD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_AD|Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD]] | ||
| + | DTN=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_TG_LDT|Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG]] | ||
| + | EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | IPD=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] | ||
| + | LD=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_TH_LD|Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD]] | ||
| + | LHAB=[[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula,FAM.FD.HB]] | ||
| + | LMB=[[BrainRegionFMM_FD_MB_LMB|Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB]] | ||
| + | MVSN=[[BrainRegionLPC_HT_MVBN|Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN]] | ||
| + | NPRP=[[BrainRegionLRC_HL_NPH|Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH]] | ||
| + | PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR | ||
| + | PRHC=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POR|Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR]] | ||
| + | PSUB=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_POS|Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS]] | ||
| + | RSP=[[BrainRegionNCP_NC_MPL_RSC|Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC]] | ||
| + | SUPGEN=[[BrainRegionNSA_FD_TH_SG|Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG]] | ||
| + | VC=[[BrainCenterNC_LOBE_OCC|Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1f4c1812ddb8ec93b53b4ed26dc3a381.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/31465/fnint-06-00094-r2/image_m/fnint-06-00094-g002.jpg Effect of light on pupil diameter] - see [http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full Reference] (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX) | ||
| + | |||
| + | DMH=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_DM|Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM]] | ||
| + | EW=[[BrainRegionLAC_MM_EWN|Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN]] | ||
| + | EYE=[[BrainRegionTARGET_TSA_EYE|Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE]] | ||
| + | GC=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_PSYM_CLG|Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG]] | ||
| + | IML=[[BrainRegionLAC_SC_IZ_CSC|Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC]] | ||
| + | LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]] | ||
| + | OPN=[[BrainRegionLRC_MM_PT_PON|Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON]] | ||
| + | PVN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_PV|Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV]] | ||
| + | RET=[[BrainRegionLPC_FD_RT|Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT]] | ||
| + | SCG=[[BrainRegionLAC_PN_SYM_SCG|Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG]] | ||
| + | SCN=[[BrainRegionLAC_FD_HT_SCN|Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/1cde10342c1a8c5667b42d9df87c4f50.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/images/nrn2849-f7.jpg Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms] - see [http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html Reference] (CF.HB-NICOTINE) | ||
| + | |||
| + | IPN=[[BrainRegionFEC_HT_TG_IPD|Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD]] | ||
| + | LC=[[BrainRegionLMC_HT_LC|Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC]] | ||
| + | LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see [[BrainCenterFAM_FD_HB|Habenula]]) | ||
| + | MHB=[[BrainRegionFAM_FD_MHB|Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/5ad8108c823890273a2c96d0dfc8441f.jpg" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [http://usvn.ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/wiki/research/human/22-reticular-formation-and-limbic-system/F22-2.png Basal Nucleus of Meynert] - see [[article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf|Reference]] (CF.MEYNERT) | ||
| + | |||
| + | AM=[[BrainCenterFAM_FT_AM|Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM]] | ||
| + | BMN=[[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM]] | ||
| + | CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see [[BrainCenterFMM_FT_HF|Hippocampal Formation]]) | ||
| + | EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see [[BrainCenterNC_PHA_RH|Rhinal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | PRR=[[BrainRegionFMM_NC_PH_PER|Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/762f7d6d4d15ec46bec2edb0b1776966.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [http://www.expertsmind.com/CMSImages/250_Affective%20basal%20ganglia%20circuit.png Affective basal ganglia circuit] - see [http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx Reference] (CF.AFFECTIVE-BG) | ||
| + | |||
| + | NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see [[BrainCenterFEC_FT_BG|Basal Ganglia]]) | ||
| + | OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see [[BrainCenterNC_AL_OMPFC|Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex]]) | ||
| + | nBM=[[BrainRegionLMC_FT_NBM|Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM]] | ||
| + | <img src="http://ahuman.org/svn/ahwiki/images/ext/2b159b54189545739ee84da16d6bf0df.png" alt=alt="unavailable" style="max-width: 100%;"> | ||
| Line 475: | Line 826: | ||
* http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 | * http://jn.physiology.org/content/107/10/2633 | ||
* http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin | * http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?issn=2152-7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=2;spage=40;epage=46;aulast=Langevin | ||
| + | * http://www.impulsecontroldisorders.org/html/cravings.html | ||
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html | * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F2.html | ||
* http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp | * http://neuropolitics.org/defaultmay10.asp | ||
| + | * http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v5/n10/fig_tab/nn913_F1.html | ||
* http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc | * http://brmlab.cz/project/brain_hacking/tdcs/pfc | ||
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html | * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v5/n1/fig_tab/nrn1299_F4.html | ||
| − | |||
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 | * http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s00359-004-0565-9-0 | ||
| + | * http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n8/fig_tab/nrendo.2010.93_F1.html | ||
* http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity | * http://neurowiki2012.wikispaces.com/Presynaptic+Mechanisms+of+Synaptic+Plasticity | ||
* http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html | * http://jp.physoc.org/content/557/1/287/F9.expansion.html | ||
| + | * http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/4/1589/F9.expansion | ||
| + | * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v14/n7/fig_tab/nrn3516_F2.html | ||
* http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0 | * http://www.springerimages.com/Images/MedicineAndPublicHealth/1-10.1007_s10194-006-0307-1-0 | ||
| + | * http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760401003308 | ||
| + | * http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/revneuro.2014.25.issue-4/revneuro-2014-0004/revneuro-2014-0004.xml | ||
| + | * http://www.endurance-education.com/endurance-education-com/does-only-our-brainstem-select-our-motor-programs | ||
* article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf | * article:2009-Hippocampus-Thesis.pdf | ||
* http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells | * http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Head_direction_cells | ||
| + | * http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnint.2012.00094/full | ||
* http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html | * http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v11/n6/fig_tab/nrn2849_F7.html | ||
* article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf | * article:Biological/2005-The-Human-Nervous-System.pdf | ||
* http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx | * http://www.expertsmind.com/topic/emotion/affective-basal-ganglia-circuit-93570.aspx | ||
Latest revision as of 18:24, 28 April 2019
Modulatory Contol Area
Home -> BiologicalLifeResearch -> BrainAreaLMC
Contents
- 1 Local Circuits
- 1.1 Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
- 1.2 Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
- 1.3 Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
- 1.4 Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
- 1.5 Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
- 2 Thirdparty Circuits
- 3 References
Local Circuits
(generated)
| ID | Name | Regions | Quality |
| 5HT | Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness | LMC.HL.RP.MG, LMC.HL.RP.OB, LMC.HL.RP.PL, LMC.HP.RP.LI, LMC.HP.RP.PRN, LMC.MM.RP.DRN, LMC.MM.RP.SUC | L0 |
| ACH | Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward | LMC.FT.NBM, LMC.HT.TG.LDT, LMC.HT.TG.PPN | L0 |
| DA | Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness | LMC.MM.VTA | L0 |
| ENK | Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body | LMC.MM.PAG | L0 |
| NE | Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response | LMC.HT.LC | L0 |
Serotonin - Feelings of Well-Being and Happiness
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| LMC.HL.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Inhibit head and spinal pain | L0 | |
| LMC.HL.RP.OB | Raphe Obscurus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulate cardiovascular function via sympathetic spinal column | L0 | |
| LMC.HL.RP.PL | Raphe Pallidus Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Spinal pain control | L0 | |
| LMC.HP.RP.LI | Raphe Nucleus Linearis | nucleus | LUS | Release of 5-HT was only obtained on stimulation of this nucleus | L0 | |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | Pontine Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulation of sleep cycle | L0 | |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | Dorsal Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulation of sleep and mood | L0 | |
| LMC.MM.RP.SUC | Superior Central Raphe Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Block or temporarily suspend mnemonic processes in the hippocampus; Hallucinations |
L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
| Source Region | Target Region | Type | Role | Reference |
| LMC.HP.RP.LI | LMC.MM.RP.DRN | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | LMC.HL.RP.MG | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> MRN, abstract) |
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> DRN) | |
| LMC.MM.RP.SUC | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Habenula Connections (LHb -> MR, abstract) | |
| FEC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | FEC.HT.TG.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> Raphe, abstract) |
| FEC.HT.TG.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> MRN, abstract) | ||
| LMC.MM.RP.DRN | FEC.HT.TG.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> DRN) | |
| FEC.HT.TG.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (RMTg -> DRN) | ||
| LAC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | LAC.FD.HT.LTN | Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HL.RP.OB | LAC.FD.HT.MPO | Median Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| LLC | LMC.MM.RP.DRN | LLC.FD.TH.SF | Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LMC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract) |
| LMC.HL.RP.PL | LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract) | |
| LRC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | LRC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | LRC.MM.SCNF | Subcuneiform Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NDM | LMC.MM.RP.DRN | NDM.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.RP.SUC | FAM.FT.SEP.LT | Lateral Septal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| FEC | LMC.MM.RP.SUC | FEC.FD.STN.ICD | Subthalamic Nucleus Internal Caudal | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| FMM | LMC.MM.RP.SUC | FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LAC | LMC.MM.RP.SUC | LAC.FD.HT.PN | Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.SUM | Supramammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LLC | LMC.HL.RP.OB | LLC.HT.CR.PV | Cerebellar Paravermis | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HP.RP.PRN | LLC.HT.CR.PV | Cerebellar Paravermis | nucleus-allocortex-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| LPC | LMC.HL.RP.MG | LPC.SC.PH.LSG | Lower Substantia Gelatinosa | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LPC.SC.PH.USG | Upper Substantia Gelatinosa | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HL.RP.OB | LPC.SC.IZ.IMM | Intermediomedial Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| LMC.HL.RP.PL | LPC.SC.PH.LMG | Lower Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) | |
| LPC.SC.PH.UMG | Upper Marginal Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-5HT | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
Acetylcholine - PNS Actions and CNS plasticity, arousal and reward
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| LMC.FT.NBM | Basal Nucleus of Meynert | nucleus | FAU | Control imagination vs perception | L0 | |
| LMC.HT.TG.LDT | Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus | LUS | Modulating sustained attention or in mediating alerting responses | L0 | |
| LMC.HT.TG.PPN | Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei | nucleus | LUS | Provide sensory feedback to cerebral cortex; modulatory | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NSA | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | NSA.FD.TH.SG | Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | LMC.FT.NBM | FAM.FT.AM.AB | Accessory Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| FAM.FT.AM.BP | Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HT.TG.LDT | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection (LHbM -> DTG) | |
| FEC | LMC.FT.NBM | FEC.FD.STN.CD | Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| FEC.FT.ACC.SH | Nucleus Accumbens Shell | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | Affective basal ganglia circuit (NACC -> nBM, abstract) | ||
| LMC.HT.TG.LDT | FEC.HT.TG.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Head Direction Cell Circuit (IPD -> DTN) | |
| FEC.HT.TG.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LMC.HT.TG.PPN | FEC.FT.VP.VM | Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VPAL -> PPTG, abstract) | |
| FMM | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | FMM.FD.MB.LMB | Lateral Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Head Direction Cell Circuit (LMB -> DTN) |
| LAC | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | LAC.FD.HT.VLPO | Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (VLPO -> LDTg) |
| LRC | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | LRC.HL.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NDM | LMC.FT.NBM | NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-ACh | uncertain | Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (NBM -> MPFC, abstract) |
| NSA | LMC.FT.NBM | NSA.NC.OCC.V1 | Primary Visual Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-ACh | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HT.TG.LDT | NSA.FD.TH.SG | Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> SUPGEN) | |
| LMC.HT.TG.PPN | NSA.FD.LGN | Lateral Geniculate Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> LGN) | |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | LMC.FT.NBM | FAM.FT.AM.BM | Magnocellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| FEC | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | FEC.HT.TG.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LMC.HT.TG.PPN | FEC.FD.STN.MED | Subthalamic Nucleus Medial | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> STN, abstract) | |
| FEC.FT.SNR.DL | Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey (PPN -> SNr, abstract) | ||
| FMM | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | FMM.FD.MB.LMB | Lateral Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Hippocampal Formation (DTN -> LMam) |
| LAC | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | LAC.HL.SAL.ISL | Inferior Salivatory Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.HL.SAL.SSL | Superior Salivatory Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LMC.HT.TG.LDT | LRC.HL.NPH | Prepositus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Head Direction Cell Circuit (DTN -> NPRP) |
| LMC.HT.TG.PPN | LRC.MM.SC.INT | Intermediate Superior Colliculus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths (PPN -> SC, abstract) |
Dopamine - Reward-Motivated Behavior, Cognitive Alertness
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| LMC.MM.VTA | Ventral Tegmental Area | nucleus | LUS | Respond to novel stimuli, unexpected rewards, and reward predictive sensory cues | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.VTA | FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (LHbM -> VTA) |
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | LMC.MM.VTA | FEC.FT.ACC.CORE | Nucleus Accumbens Core | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | Reward circuit of human brain (NACC -> VTA, abstract) |
| FEC.FT.VP.VM | Ventral Pallidum Ventromedial | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | Craving (VPAL -> VTA, abstract) | ||
| FEC.HT.TG.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (IPN -> VTA) | ||
| FEC.HT.TG.RMTG | Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-gaba | uncertain | Amygdala and its network (RMTG -> VTA) | ||
| LPC | LMC.MM.VTA | LPC.HL.SOL | Solitary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (NTS -> VTA) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NDM | LMC.MM.VTA | NDM.NC.AL.DACG | Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area | nucleus-neocortex-DA | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| NDM.NC.AL.FPC | Lateral Frontopolar Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-DA | uncertain | Amygdala and its network (VTA -> MPFC, abstract) | ||
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.VTA | FAM.FT.AM.CEC | Central Amygdaloid Nucleus, capsular subdivision | nucleus-nucleus-DA | uncertain | Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> AM, abstract) |
| FEC | LMC.MM.VTA | FEC.FT.ACC.SH | Nucleus Accumbens Shell | nucleus-nucleus-DA | uncertain | Craving (VTA -> NACC, abstract) |
| FEC.FT.PU.LT | Dorsal Putamen Lateral | nucleus-nucleus-DA | uncertain | Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract) | ||
| FEC.FT.PU.MED | Dorsal Putamen Medial | nucleus-nucleus-DA | uncertain | Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity (VTA -> DS, abstract) | ||
| FMM | LMC.MM.VTA | FMM.FD.MB.MMB | Medial Mammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-DA | uncertain | Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one (VTN -> MMB) |
| FMM.FT.HC.CA1D | Distal CA1 of Hippocampus | nucleus-allocortex-DA | uncertain | Reward circuit of human brain (VTA -> HC, abstract) | ||
| FMM.NC.PH.LEC | Lateral Entorhinal Cortex | nucleus-neocortex-DA | uncertain | Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning (VTA -> EC, abstract) | ||
| LAC | LMC.MM.VTA | LAC.FD.HT.PRM | Premammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-DA | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LAC.FD.HT.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-DA | uncertain | Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (VTA -> PVN) |
Enkephalin - Regulating Nociception in Body
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| LMC.MM.PAG | Periaqueductal Gray Matter | nucleus | LUS | Descending modulation of pain and in defensive behaviour | L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NCP | LMC.MM.PAG | NCP.NC.AL.SGCG | Subgenual Cingulate Cortex | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | LMC.MM.PAG | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> PAG, abstract) |
| FEC | LMC.MM.PAG | FEC.HT.TG.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ACh | uncertain | Connectivity map of the habenula (IPN -> PAG) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NDM | LMC.MM.PAG | NDM.FD.TH.PV | Paraventricular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| LAC | LMC.MM.PAG | LAC.HT.BR | Barrington's Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway (PAG -> BAR) |
| LLC | LMC.MM.PAG | LLC.FD.TH.SF | Subfascicular Nucleus of Thalamus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LMC | LMC.MM.PAG | LMC.HL.RP.MG | Raphe Magnus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract) |
| LMC.HL.RP.PL | Raphe Pallidus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | Connectivity map of the habenula (PAG -> Raphe, abstract) | ||
| LPC | LMC.MM.PAG | LPC.HL.AMB | Ambiguus Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LRC | LMC.MM.PAG | LRC.HL.RA | Retroambigualis Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| LRC.HT.NSC | Nucleus Subceruleus | nucleus-nucleus-ENK | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
Norepinephrine - Vigilant Concentration, Stress Hormone, Fight-or-Flight Response
| Component ID | Component Name | Type | Service | Function | Comments | Quality |
| LMC.HT.LC | Locus Coeruleus | nucleus | LUS | Regulate the intensity of responses to salient stimuli, arousal and autonomic activity |
L0 |
Internal Region Connections:
- no connections
External Inbound Region Connections:
| Source Area | Local Region | Source Region | Source Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Cortical | ||||||
| NDM | LMC.HT.LC | NDM.NC.AL.VACG | Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area | neocortex-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | LMC.HT.LC | FAM.FT.AM.CEM | Medial Central Amygdaloid Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex (AM -> LC, abstract) |
| FAM.FT.BNST | Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LAC | LMC.HT.LC | LAC.FD.HT.DM | Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | Effect of light on pupil diameter (DMH -> LC) |
| LAC.FD.HT.TBM | Tuberomammillary Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| LRC | LMC.HT.LC | LRC.HL.RF.MED | Central Medullary Reticular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
External Outbound Region Connections:
| Target Area | Local Region | Target Region | Target Name | Type | Role | Reference |
| Subcortical | ||||||
| FAM | LMC.HT.LC | FAM.FD.LHB.LT | Lateral Habenula Lateral Part | nucleus-nucleus-NE | uncertain | Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract) |
| FAM.FD.LHB.MED | Lateral Habenula Medial Part | nucleus-nucleus-NE | uncertain | Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> LHB, abstract) | ||
| FAM.FD.MHB | Medial Habenula | nucleus-nucleus-NE | uncertain | Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> MHB) | ||
| FAM.FT.SEP.DBB | Diagonal Band of Broca | nucleus-nucleus-NE | uncertain | (unknown reference) | ||
| FEC | LMC.HT.LC | FEC.FT.SNC.MED | Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Medial | nucleus-nucleus-NE | uncertain | (unknown reference) |
| FEC.HT.TG.IPD | Interpeduncular Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-NE | uncertain | Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (LC -> IPN) | ||
| LAC | LMC.HT.LC | LAC.FD.HT.VLPO | Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-NE | uncertain | Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway (LC -> VLPO) |
| LAC.SC.IZ.CSC | Ciliospinal Center | nucleus-nucleus-NE | uncertain | Effect of light on pupil diameter (LC -> IML) | ||
| LAC.SC.IZ.IML | Intermediolateral Nucleus | nucleus-nucleus-NE | uncertain | Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract (LC -> IML) |
Thirdparty Circuits
(generated)
- Habenula Connections - see Reference (CF.HB-CONNECTIONS)
CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia) DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB DR=Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) IP=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see Hypothalamus) LHb=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula) LPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB MR=Superior Central Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.SUC PB=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE S=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Regulation of the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by habenular projection - see Reference (CF.REM-HB)
DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB DTG=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG EPN=Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) LHT=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN LHbL=Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT LHbM=Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED NI=Incertus Nucleus,FAM.HT.TG.NI RMTg=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation) SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia) VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA VTG=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTG
- Physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract - see Reference (CM.ONUF)
CN=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia) DVM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN IMG=Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG IML=Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) MPOA=Median Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.MPO NBM=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM ONF=Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB PEL=Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG PU=Dorsal Putamen Lateral,FEC.FT.PU.LT PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV SNC=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT SPS=Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA ZI=Subthalamic Nucleus Caudal,BGA.FD.STN.ZI
- Both LHb and MHb control the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems - see Reference (CF.HB-DA5HT)
DBB=Diagonal Band of Broca,FAM.FT.SEP.DBB DRN=Dorsal Raphe Nucleus,LMC.MM.RP.DRN GPb=Dorsal Pallidum,FEC.FT.DP (see Basal Ganglia) IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN LHbL=Lateral Habenula Lateral Part,FAM.FD.LHB.LT LHbM=Lateral Habenula Medial Part,FAM.FD.LHB.MED LPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO LS=Lateral Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.LT MHb=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB MRN=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation) MS=Medial Septal Nucleus,FAM.FT.SEP.MED PS=Posterior Septal Group,FAM.FT.SEP.PG (see Septal Nuclei) RMTg=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia) VP=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia) VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Connectivity map of the habenula - see Reference (CF.HB-CONN)
CPu=Striatum,FEC.FT.ST (see Basal Ganglia) EP=Endopiriform Nucleus,FAM.FT.EPF Hippo=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD L=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula) LH=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN M=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG Raphe=Raphe Nuclei of Medulla,LMC.HL.RP (see Medullary Reticular Formation) SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia) Septum=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Amygdala and its network - see Reference (CF.AM-NET)
BLN=Parvicellular Basal Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.BP CEA=Central Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM.CEA (see Amygdala) EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) HTS=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN ITC=Inferotemporal Cortex,NSA.NC.IT.TE LA=Lateral Amygdaloid Nucleus,FAM.FT.AM.LA (see Amygdala) LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula) MD=Mediodorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.MD (see Cognitive Thalamus) MPFC=Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OMPFC NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG RMTG=Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.RMTG STC=Wernicke's area A3,NSA.NC.STG.A3 VGDM=Vagus Nucleus,LAC.HL.VGN VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Combining Novelty, Motivational Salience, and Reward to Control Attention and Learning - see Reference (CT.LONG-TERM-MEMORY-VTA)
ACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see Hippocampal Formation) CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see Hippocampal Formation) DG=Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PPTG=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia) VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Mammillary bodies: two memory systems in one - see Reference (CT.MB-MEMORY)
ADTH=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD AMTH=Anteromedial Nucleus,NCP.FD.TH.AM AVTH=Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB MMB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB MedialEC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) PAS=Parasubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PAS POS=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS PRS=Presubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.PRS SEP=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP SUB=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation) SupraMM=Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM TuberoMM=Lateral Tuberal Nuclei,LAC.FD.HT.LTUB (see Hypothalamus) VTN=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Amygdalar disruption of prefrontal cortex - see Reference (CF.AM-DISRUPTION)
ACG=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) HT.L=Lateral Hypothalamic Area,LAC.FD.HT.LT (see Hypothalamus) HT.PV=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV INS=Insular Cortex,NC.INS LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG PB=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB PUT=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE SOL=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
- Simplified NREM sleep-promoting pathway - see Reference (CL.TBM-PO)
LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC LDTg=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT TMN=Tuberomammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.TBM VLPO=Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VLPO
- Regulation of Social Brain - see Reference (CT.SOCIAL-BRAIN)
AMG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM Caud=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia) DACC=Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.DACG DLPFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) Hipp=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) IFG=Inferior Prefrontal Gyrus,NDM.NC.AL.IPG LSN=Lateral Spinal Nucleus,LAC.SC.LH.LSN MPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PhippG=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) Put=Dorsal Putamen,FEC.FT.DPU (see Basal Ganglia) SGC=Subgenual Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.AL.SGCG SN=Substantia Nigra,FEC.FT.SN (see Basal Ganglia) VACC=Ventral Anterior Cingulate Area,NDM.NC.AL.VACG VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA VentPal=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia)
- Medial mammillary nucleus and theta rhythm - see Reference (CT.MMB-THETA)
AVTH=Anteroventral Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AV HF=Hippocampal Formation,FMM.FT.HF MMB=Medial Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.MMB RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC SEP=Septal Nuclei,FAM.FT.SEP SupraMM=Supramammillary Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SUM VTN=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Oculomotor decision-making - see Reference (CP.OCULOMOTOR-DECISION-MAKING)
AMYG=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM CGa=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) CGp=Posterior Cingulate Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.PSCG Caudate=Caudate Nucleus,FEC.FT.CN (see Basal Ganglia) FEF=Frontal Eye Field,NMA.NC.PMC.FEF (see Premotor Cortex) LIP=Lateral Intraparietal Sulcus,NPE.NC.IPS.LIP NAC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PFC=Mid-Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex,NDM.NC.AL.DLPFC (see Lateral Prefrontal Cortex) SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) SEF=Supplementary Eye Field,NPE.NC.SMC.SEF SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Lateral,FEC.FT.SNC.LT SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Dorsolateral,FEC.FT.SNR.DL Thalamus=Thalamus,FD.TH VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Bowels control brain: gut hormones and obesity - see Reference (CP.BOWELS)
AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM ARC=Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus,LAC.FD.HT.AR DS=Dorsal Striatum,FEC.FT.DST (see Basal Ganglia) LHA=Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.LTN ME=Endocrine Glands,TARGET.TEA.ENDOCRINE NAc=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) NTS=Solitary Nucleus,LPC.HL.SOL OFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PBN=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV VMN=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Reward circuit of human brain - see Reference (CF.REWARD-CIRCUIT)
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia) VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Medial,FEC.FT.SNR.MED VPAL=Ventral Pallidum,FEC.FT.VP (see Basal Ganglia) VTA=Ventral Tegmental Area,LMC.MM.VTA
- Schematic overview of spinobulbospinal micturition reflex pathway - see Reference (CM.BARRINGTON)
BAR=Barrington's Nucleus,LAC.HT.BR IMG=Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.IMG IML=Intermediolateral Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.IML ONF=Onuf's Nucleus,LPC.SC.VH.ONF PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG PEL=Pelvic Peripheral Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.PPG SPS=Sacral Parasympathetic Nucleus,LAC.SC.IZ.SPS
- Spine induction on short primary dendrites in the ventrolateral VMH - see Reference (CL.VMH-PAG)
PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG VMH=Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.VM
- Afferent pain pathways - see Reference (CF.PAIN-PATH)
ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) AMY=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM BG=Basal Ganglia,FEC.FT.BG Cerebellum=Cerebellar Complex,LLC.HT.CRC Insula=Insular Cortex,NC.INS PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG PB=Parabrachial Nucleus,LPC.HT.PRF.PB PFC=Prefrontal Cortex,NC.AL.PFC S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 S2=Secondary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S2 SC=Posterior/Dorsal Horn,BMA.SC.PH Thalamus=Sensory Thalamus,FD.TH.SR
- Pain matrix - see Reference (CF.PAIN-MATRIX)
ACC=Anterior Cingulate Cortex,NC.AL.ACG (see Anterior Cingulate Area) AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM INS=Insular Cortex,NC.INS PAG=Periaqueductal Gray Matter,LMC.MM.PAG PFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) PPC=Superior Parietal Lobule,NC.SPL S1=Primary Somatosensory Cortex,NCP.NC.PG.S1 SMA=Supplementary Motor Cortex,NMA.NC.SMC TH=Thalamus,FD.TH
- Geniculate and Extyrageniculate Paths - see Reference (CP.GENICULATE-PATHS)
LGN=Lateral Geniculate Nucleus,NSA.FD.LGN PPN=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN RF=Pontine Reticular Formation,HT.RF Retina=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT SC=Superior Colliculus,MM.SC (see Reflexes Nuclei of Midbrain Mesencephalon) VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
- Serotonin regulation of subthalamic neurons - see Reference (CM.SUBTHALAMUS)
CTX=Anterior Lobe,NC.LOBE.ANT GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia) GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) PPN=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see Basal Ganglia) STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area)
- Summary of the organization of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pedunculopontine nucleus in lamprey - see Reference (CM.SN-PPN)
GPe=Globus Pallidus External,FEC.FT.GPE (see Basal Ganglia) GPi=Globus Pallidus Internal,FEC.FT.GPI (see Basal Ganglia) PPN=Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nuclei,LMC.HT.TG.PPN SNc=Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta,FEC.FT.SNC (see Basal Ganglia) SNr=Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata,FEC.FT.SNR (see Basal Ganglia) STN=Subthalamic Nucleus,FEC.FD.STN (see Subthalamus Area)
- Hippocampal Formation - see Reference (CT.HIPPOCAMPAL-FORMATION)
ATN=Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus,FD.TH.AN (see Cognitive Thalamus) CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see Hippocampal Formation) CA3=Dorsomedial Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA3 (see Hippocampal Formation) DG=Dentate Gyrus,FMM.FT.HC.DG DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.LDT EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) LDN=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD LMam=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB PoS=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS Rsp=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC Sub=Subiculum,FMM.FT.HF.SUB (see Hippocampal Formation)
- Head Direction Cell Circuit - see Reference (CT.HEAD-DIRECTION)
AD=Anterodorsal Nucleus,FMM.FD.TH.AD DTN=Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus,LMC.HT.TG.DTG EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) HC=Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC (see Hippocampal Formation) IPD=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD LD=Lateral Dorsal Nucleus of Thalamus,FMM.FD.TH.LD LHAB=Habenula,FAM.FD.HB LMB=Lateral Mammillary Nucleus,FMM.FD.MB.LMB MVSN=Medial Vestibular Nucleus,LPC.HT.MVBN NPRP=Prepositus Nucleus,LRC.HL.NPH PC=Parietal Lobe,NC.LOBE.PAR PRHC=Postrhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.POR PSUB=Postsubiculum,FMM.NC.PH.POS RSP=Retrosplenial Cortex,NCP.NC.MPL.RSC SUPGEN=Suprageniculate Nucleus of Thalamus,NSA.FD.TH.SG VC=Occipital Lobe,NC.LOBE.OCC
- Effect of light on pupil diameter - see Reference (CP.PUPIL-REFLEX)
DMH=Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.DM EW=Edinger-Westphal Nucleus,LAC.MM.EWN EYE=Eye,TARGET.TSA.EYE GC=Ciliary Ganglion,LAC.PN.PSYM.CLG IML=Ciliospinal Center,LAC.SC.IZ.CSC LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC OPN=Pretectal Olivary Nucleus,LRC.MM.PT.PON PVN=Paraventricular Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.PV RET=Retinal Nucleus,LPC.FD.RT SCG=Superior Cervical Ganglion,LAC.PN.SYM.SCG SCN=Suprachiasmatic Nucleus,LAC.FD.HT.SCN
- Contribution of nAChR subunits to nicotine withdrawal symptoms - see Reference (CF.HB-NICOTINE)
IPN=Interpeduncular Nucleus,FEC.HT.TG.IPD LC=Locus Coeruleus,LMC.HT.LC LHB=Lateral Habenula,FAM.FD.LHB (see Habenula) MHB=Medial Habenula,FAM.FD.MHB
- Basal Nucleus of Meynert - see Reference (CF.MEYNERT)
AM=Amygdala,FAM.FT.AM BMN=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM CA1=Ventrolateral Cornu Ammonis of Hippocampus,FMM.FT.HC.CA1 (see Hippocampal Formation) EC=Entorhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.ET (see Rhinal Cortex) PRR=Perirhinal Cortex,FMM.NC.PH.PER
- Affective basal ganglia circuit - see Reference (CF.AFFECTIVE-BG)
NACC=Accumbens Nucleus,FEC.FT.ACC (see Basal Ganglia) OMPFC=Orbitofrontal Cortex,NC.AL.OPFC (see Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex) nBM=Basal Nucleus of Meynert,LMC.FT.NBM
References
(generated)
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